Comparison of the [$^2H_5$]Phenylalanine Model with the [1-$^{13}C$]Leucine Method to Determine Whole Body Protein Synthesis and Degradation in Sheep Fed at Two Levels

Al-Mamun, M.,Ito, C.,Fujita, T.,Sano, H.,Sato, A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.10

The [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model was compared with the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method to determine whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and degradation (WBPD) in sheep fed at two levels. The animals were fed either 103 (M-diet) or 151 (H-diet) kcal $ME/kg^{0.75}/day$ once daily in a crossover design for 21 days each. The isotope dilutions were simultaneously conducted as a primed-continuous infusion of [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine, [$^2H_2$]tyrosine and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine on each dietary treatment. The WBPS and WBPD calculated from the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model were lower (p = 0.009 and p = 0.003, respectively) than those calculated from the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. The WBPS tended to be higher (p = 0.08) and WBPD was numerically higher (p = 0.33) for H-diet than M-diet in the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model, whereas the WBPS was numerically higher (p = 0.37) for H-diet and WBPS remained similar (p = 0.79) between diets in the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. However, the absolute values and the directions of WBPS as well as WBPD from M-diet to H-diet were comparable between the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method. Moreover, the values vary depending on the use of the respective amino acid contents in the carcass protein when calculating WBPS and WBPD. Therefore, it is concluded that the [$^2H_5$]phenylalanine model could be used as an alternative to the [1-$^{13}C$]leucine method for the determination of WBPS and WBPD in sheep.

Intermediary Metabolism of Plasma Acetic Acid, Glucose and Protein in Sheep Fed a Rice Straw-based Diet

Alam, M.K.,Ogata, Y.,Sako, Y.,Al-Mamun, M.,Sano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.10

The present study was conducted to determine plasma acetate, glucose and protein metabolism using dilution of isotopes [[1-$^{13}C$]Na acetate, [U-$^{13}C$]glucose and [1-$^{13}C$]leucine (Leu)] in sheep fed rice straw (Oriza japonica L.). Four sheep were assigned to either rice straw (RS-diet) or mixed hay (MH-diet) with a crossover design. Nitrogen (N) intake and N digestibility were lower (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet, but N retention did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets. Concentrations of rumen acetate tended to be lower (p = 0.07), and propionate was higher (p = 0.02) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Concentrations of plasma lactate, non-esterified fatty acids, Leu and ${\alpha}$-ketoisocaproic acid did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets, but plasma glucose and urea concentrations were lower (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Turnover rate of plasma acetate did not differ (p = 0.39) between the diets, and plasma glucose and Leu turnover rates were numerically lower (p = 0.15 and p = 0.14, respectively) for RS-diet than MH-diet. Whole body protein synthesis and degradation did not differ (p>0.10) between the diets. Thus it can be concluded that the intermediary metabolism of acetate, glucose and protein on rice straw is comparable to mixed hay in sheep.

Spectroscopic measurement of Dα, CII, CIII and CD emissions in Heliotron J carbon test limiter experiment

hajime Arimoto,F. Sano,G. Motojima,H. Yamazaki,H. Nakamura,H. Yabutani,H. Kitagawa,H. Okada,J. Arakawa,K. Kondo,K. Ohashi,K. Nagasaki,M. Yamada,M. Uno,M. Kikutake,M. Kaneko,N. Watanabe,N. Nishino,N. S 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III

The measurement of D, CII and CIII line spectral profiles and the CD band spectrum from the vicinity of a test limiter surface is performed in Heliotron J test limiter experiments. With deep insertion of the limiter, there is a localized intense region of the D, CII and CIII line intensity in the limiter surface, and the CD band spectrum is observed at this region. It is considered that the deuterium ion flux and heat load concentrate at this region and enhance carbon impurity generation.r_che

Observations of the Interaction and Transport of Fine Mode Aerosols With Cloud and/or Fog in Northeast Asia From Aerosol Robotic Network and Satellite Remote Sensing

Eck, T. F.,Holben, B. N.,Reid, J. S.,Xian, P.,Giles, D. M.,Sinyuk, A.,Smirnov, A.,Schafer, J. S.,Slutsker, I.,Kim, J.,Koo, J.-H.,Choi, M.,Kim, K. C.,Sano, I.,Arola, A.,Sayer, A. M.,Levy, R. C.,Munchak American Geophysical Union 2018 Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol.123 No.10

<P>Analysis of Sun photometer measured and satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) data has shown that major aerosol pollution events with very high fine mode AOD (>1.0 in midvisible) in the China/Korea/Japan region are often observed to be associated with significant cloud cover. This makes remote sensing of these events difficult even for high temporal resolution Sun photometer measurements. Possible physical mechanisms for these events that have high AOD include a combination of aerosol humidification, cloud processing, and meteorological covariation with atmospheric stability and convergence. The new development of Aerosol Robotic Network Version 3 Level 2 AOD with improved cloud screening algorithms now allow for unprecedented ability to monitor these extreme fine mode pollution events. Further, the spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) applied to Level 1 data (L1; no cloud screening) provides an even more comprehensive assessment of fine mode AOD than L2 in current and previous data versions. Studying the 2012 winter-summer period, comparisons of Aerosol Robotic Network L1 SDA daily average fine mode AOD data showed that Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite remote sensing of AOD often did not retrieve and/or identify some of the highest fine mode AOD events in this region. Also, compared to models that include data assimilation of satellite retrieved AOD, the L1 SDA fine mode AOD was significantly higher in magnitude, particularly for the highest AOD events that were often associated with significant cloudiness.</P>

Identification of Hard Bound on Model Uncertainty In Frequency Domain

M. Kawata,A. Sano 제어로봇시스템학회 1993 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1993 No.10

Identification of Hard Bound on Model Uncertainty In Frequency Domain

M. Kawata,A. Sano 제어로봇시스템학회 1993 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.1 No.2

A Study on a Collective Behavior of Interacting Simple Robots

K. Sugawara,M. Sano,T. Watanabe 제어로봇시스템학회 2002 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.10

Depolarization ratios retrieved by AERONET sun-sky radiometer data and comparison to depolarization ratios measured with lidar

Noh, Youngmin,Mü,ller, Detlef,Lee, Kyunghwa,Kim, Kwanchul,Lee, Kwonho,Shimizu, Atsushi,Sano, Itaru,Park, Chan Bong Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.17 No.10

<P>Abstract. The linear particle depolarization ratios at 440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm were derived using data taken with the AERONET sun-sky radiometer at Seoul (37.45° N, 126.95° E), Kongju (36.47° N, 127.14° E), Gosan (33.29° N, 126.16° E), and Osaka (34.65° N, 135.59° E). The results are compared to the linear particle depolarization ratio measured by lidar at 532 nm. The correlation coefficient R2 between the linear particle depolarization ratio derived by AERONET data at 1020 nm and the linear particle depolarization ratio measured with lidar at 532 nm is 0.90, 0.92, 0.79, and 0.89 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the lidar-measured depolarization ratio at 532 nm and that retrieved by AERONET at 870 nm are 0.89, 0.92, 0.76, and 0.88 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the data taken at 675 nm are lower than the correlation coefficients at 870 and 1020 nm, respectively. Values are 0.81, 0.90, 0.64, and 0.81 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. The lowest correlation values are found for the AERONET-derived linear particle depolarization ratio at 440 nm, i.e., 0.38, 0.62, 0.26, and 0.28 at Seoul, Kongju, Gosan, and Osaka, respectively. We should expect a higher correlation between lidar-measured linear particle depolarization ratios at 532 nm and the ones derived from AERONET at 675 and 440 nm as the lidar wavelength is between the two AERONET wavelengths. We cannot currently explain why we find better correlation between lidar and AERONET linear particle depolarization ratios for the case that the AERONET wavelengths (675, 870, and 1020 nm) are significantly larger than the lidar measurement wavelength (532 nm). The linear particle depolarization ratio can be used as a parameter to obtain insight into the variation of optical and microphysical properties of dust when it is mixed with anthropogenic pollution particles. The single-scattering albedo increases with increasing measurement wavelength for low linear particle depolarization ratios, which indicates a high share of fine-mode anthropogenic pollution. In contrast, single-scattering albedo increases with increasing wavelength for high linear particle depolarization ratios, which indicated a high share of coarse-mode mineral dust particles. The retrieved volume particle size distributions are dominated by the fine-mode fraction if linear particle depolarization ratios are less than 0.15 at 532 nm. The fine-mode fraction of the size distributions decreases and the coarse-mode fraction of the size distribution increases for increasing linear particle depolarization ratio at 1020 nm. The dust ratio based on using the linear particle depolarization ratio derived from AERONET data is 0.12 to 0.17. These values are lower than the coarse-mode fraction derived from the volume concentrations of particle size distributions, in which case we can compute the coarse-mode fraction of dust. </P>

Effects of Plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) Herb and Heat Exposure on Plasma Glucose Metabolism in Sheep

Al-Mamun, M.,Tanaka, C.,Hanai, Y.,Tamura, Y.,Sano, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6

An experiment was conducted using a [6, 6-$^2H$]glucose isotope dilution method to determine the effects of plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) on plasma glucose metabolism in sheep taken from a thermoneutral environment and exposed to a hot environment. The sheep were fed either mixed hay (MH) of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) at a 60:40 ratio or MH and plantain (PL) at a 9:1 ratio in a crossover design for each 23-day period. In both dietary treatments the metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein intake were designed to be isoenergetic and isoproteinous at around maintenance level. The sheep were taken from a thermoneutral environment ($20^{\circ}C$, 70% RH) and exposed to a hot environment ($28-30^{\circ}C$, 70% RH) for 5 days. The isotope dilution method using a single injection of [6, 6-$^2H$]glucose was performed on the $18^{th}$ day of the thermoneutral environment and on the $5^{th}$ day of heat exposure. Plasma glucose pool size was numerically lower (p = 0.26) during heat exposure on both dietary treatments, and numerically higher (p = 0.13) on the MH diet irrespective of environmental temperature. Plasma NEFA concentration (p = 0.01) and glucose turnover rate (p = 0.03) were decreased during heat exposure, but remained similar between diets. It could be concluded that, although no positive impact of plantain on glucose metabolism was found under the present experimental conditions (plantain constituted only 10% of basal diet), plantain herb is an alternative to MH for rearing sheep in both thermoneutral and hot environments.

DRASTIC IMPROVEMENT OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY BY RAPID PISTON-MOVEMENT NEAR TDC

Moriyoshi, Y.,Sano, M.,Morikawa, K.,Kaneko, M. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2006 International journal of automotive technology Vol.7 No.3

A new combustion method of high compression ratio SI engine was studied and proposed in order to achieve high thermal efficiency, comparable to that of CI engine. Compression ratio of SI engine is generally restricted by the knocking phenomena. A combustion chamber profile and a cranking mechanism were studied to avoid knocking with high compression ratio. Because reducing the end-gas temperature will suppress knocking, a combustion chamber was considered to have a wide surface at the end-gas region. However, wide surface will lead to large heat loss, which may cancel the gain of higher compression ratio operation. Thereby, a special cranking mechanism was adapted which allowed the piston to move rapidly near TDC. Numerical simulations were performed to optimize the cranking mechanism for achieving high thermal efficiency. An elliptic gear system and a leaf-shape gear system were employed in numerical simulations. Livengood-Wu integral, which is widely used to judge knocking occurrence, was calculated to verify the effect for the new concept. As a result, this concept can be operated at compression ratio of fourteen using a regular gasoline. A new single cylinder engine with compression ratio of twelve and TGV(Tumble Generation Valve) to enhance the turbulence and combustion speed was designed and built for proving its performance. The test results verified the predictions. Thermal efficiency was improve over 10% with compression ratio of twelve compared to an original engine with compression ratio of ten when strong turbulence was generated using TGV, leading to a fast combustion speed and reduced heat loss.