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Factors Affecting Women Micro and Small-Sized Enterprises’ Success: A Case Study in Jordan
Lubna Mohammad THAHER,Nor Mohd RADIEAH,Wan Hasan WAN NORHANIZA 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
Over the past decades, the Jordanian government has made great efforts to help poor women start small businesses by providing microcredit and facilitating financial services. Although in Jordan almost hundreds of thousands of women have the ability to contribute more fully to their economy, they are reluctant to do so. Women’s participation in economic activities in 2016 was only 13.2%, while the unemployment rate for Jordanian women was 24.1%. The decline in women’s participation in small business management has gradually become an important issue following the trial of more than 13,000 Jordanian women for non-payment of their micro-loans. This study aims to identify the factors that hinder Jordanian women from achieving job stability. In this qualitative study, a semi-structured interview method with sixteen open-ended questions was used to collect relevant data. A purposeful sampling method is also used to select participants. To analyze the data, this study used NVivo 11 software as a method. Using System Theory, this study showed that women’s failure depends on three factors: women entrepreneurs, the environment around women entrepreneurs, and micro-financial institutions. Findings of this study suggest that strengthen women’s entrepreneurship sustainability and minimize the risk of failure should be done through integrated strategies include these three domains.
Tenant - Vendor and Third-Party Agreements for the Cloud: Considerations for Security Provision
Lubna Luxmi Dhirani,Thomas Newe,Shahzad Nizamani 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.12
Cloud Computing has an expanding future in both business and Information Technology. With the expanding hybrid cloud model offering better services and convenience there are also a number of security problems associated with cloud standardization, multi-tenancy third party privity/sub-contracting, data-controller, outages, availability, monitoring and the service level agreements. This paper focuses on Hybrid Cloud Computing security in the context of a Tenant-Vendor-Third-Party environment and service level agreements. Limitations, opportunities and suggestions to mitigate the security risks are discussed and summarized.
The Effect of Microfinance Services on Women Entrepreneurship: A Case Study in Jordan
Lubna Mohammad THAHER,Nor Mohd RADIEAH,Wan Hasan WAN NORHANIZA 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.5
Microfinance is seen as a tool for poverty elimination by providing various services characterized as financial and non-financial to minority groups in the society to be included in the mainstream financial system. This paper seeks to examine the effect of microfinance institutions’ (MFIs) financial and non-financial services on women’s entrepreneurship and empowerment in Jordan as a developing country. To gain a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of microfinance services, the study is undertaken to address the question of what kinds of services are available and whether the MFI services are in line with the actual needs of women entrepreneurs to improve their performance. Hence, a qualitative approach was adopted in this study using semi-structured interview questions to collect data from twenty-four women entrepreneurs in Jordan. The results showed that, as regards financial services, the most important needs of women entrepreneurs include providing adequate financing with necessary financial facilities such as reducing interest, reducing monthly installments, and extending the grace period, while non-financial services should include holding specialized courses, accessing a counseling center, providing incentives and psychological support, marketing support, and monitoring and evaluation. This study concluded that factors associated with MFI play a crucial role to uplift women entrepreneurs and eliminate gender inequality.
Lubna Khasawneh,Manohar Das 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.5
This paper addresses the problem of controlling the electric power steering angle for autonomous vehicles in the presence of model parameter uncertainty and disturbances. Usually, the electric power steering manufacturer provides it as a black box to the automotive companies and does not provide the model or the model parameters. Identifying those parameters is a time-consuming process that requires a special vehicle setting, and does not always give accurate results. Inaccuracies on those parameters deteriorate the behavior of the model-based controller that is using them. To overcome those problems, an adaptive backstepping steering angle controller is designed, which assumes the steering model parameters are unknown and develops parameter update laws to estimate them. Adaptive laws are also developed to estimate the disturbance resulting from self-aligning moment. Usually, self-aligning moment estimation requires tire parameters knowledge. In the adaptive backstepping method, it is treated as disturbance and no knowledge of tire parameters is required in order to estimate it. Coulomb friction and static friction are considered as disturbances and estimated together with the self-aligning moment disturbance. The performance of the proposed method was validated with numerical simulation.
Lubna Mokrani,Mohammad Jawhar,Amina Shoaib,Mohammad Imad Eddin Arabi 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3
The fungus Pyrenophora graminea is the causal agent of barley leaf stripe disease. Two leaf stripe isolates PgSy3(exhibiting high virulence on the barley cultivar ‘Arabi Abiad’) and PgSy1 (exhibiting low virulence on Arabi Abiad), were mated and 63 progeny were isolated and phenotyped for the reaction on Arabi Abiad. The population segregated in a 1:1 ratio, 32 virulent to 31avirulent (χ2 = 0.05, P = 0.36), indicating single gene control of PgSy3 virulence on Arabi Abiad. Among 96AFLP markers identified, three AFLP markers, E37M50-400, E35M59-100 and E38M47-800 were linked to the virulence locus VHv1 in isolate PgSy3. The results of this study indicate that (the three markers) are closely linked to VHv1 and are unique to isolates carrying the virulence locus. This work represents an initial step towards map-based cloning of VHv1 in P. graminea.
Ergonomic Injuries in Endoscopists and Their Risk Factors
Lubna Kamani,Hamid Kalwar 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.3
Background/Aims: Prolonged repetitive strain caused by the continuous performance of complex endoscopic procedures enhancesthe risk of ergonomic injuries among health-care providers (HCPs), specifically endoscopists. This study aimed to assess the riskfactors of ergonomic injuries among endoscopists and non-endoscopists. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gastroenterology Department of Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi,Pakistan. A total of 92 HCPs were enrolled, of whom 61 were involved in endoscopic procedures and 31 were non-endoscopists. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire during national gastroenterology conferences and analyzed usingSPSS version 22 (IBM Corp. Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Of the total study population, 95.08% of endoscopists were observed to have ergonomic injuries, whereas only 54.83% ofnon-endoscopists had ergonomic injuries (p<0.00). The most common injury associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain sites wasback (41%), leg (23%), and hand (19.7%) pain among endoscopists. Of 28 endoscopists performing ≥20 procedures/week, 26 hadMSK injury. However, 95.08% of endoscopists had developed MSK injury irrespective of working hours (>5 or <5 hr/wk). Conclusions: Endoscopists are at high risk of developing ergonomic injuries, representing the negative potential of the endoscopyassociatedworkload. To overcome these issues, an appropriate strategic framework needs to be designed to avoid occupationalcompromises.