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Lim, Song-E,Lee, Donghwan,Bae, SeungJin,Lim, Kyung-Min Elsevier 2019 Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology Vol.107 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We aimed to conduct additional statistical analysis of the reproducibility and predictive capacity of MCTT HCE™ eye irritation test (EIT), a me-too test method for OECD TG 492 with the data generated during the validation study in which 30 reference chemicals were tested in three repeated runs by three independent laboratories. We evaluated the within-laboratory reproducibility (WLR) and the between-laboratory reproducibility (BLR) through tabulation and graphs and presented the concordance of eye irritancy prediction with 95% Wilson's confidence intervals (CIs). Also, the analyses of the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot were applied to confirm the reproducibility and the comparability, referring to the validated methods of OECD TG 492. Kappa analysis was also performed to check the degree of agreement of the within- and between-laboratory reproducibility and agreement between MCTT HCE™ EIT and the reference methods. We calculated the predictive capacity via misprediction over total prediction method. The predictive capacity (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy) was presented with 95% of Wilson's CIs. Also, bootstrap resampling was performed to express the 95% CI by the simple percentile methods for 30 chemicals and 141 reference chemicals additionally tested. Collectively, WLR (92.2%) and BLR (93.3%) met the criteria of the performance standards (WLR ≥ 90% and BLR ≥ 85%), and the results of ICC analysis and the Bland-Altman plot suggested an acceptable WLR and BLR and comparability to other validated methods of OECD TG 492. Also, the predictive capacity results for the 30 reference chemicals confirmed the good performance of the MCTT HCE™ EIT by satisfying the criteria of sensitivity, specificity, and the accuracy stated in the PS. The bootstrap resampling method showed a predictive capacity, sufficiently satisfying the criteria stated in the Performance Standards.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We assessed the reproducibility and predictive capacity of MCTT HCE™ EIT, a me-too test for OECD TG 492. </LI> <LI> Graphical, tabulated, and inferential statistics of the reproducibility supports the performance of MCTT HCE™ EIT. </LI> <LI> Comparison of MCTT HCE™ EIT with other validated methods demonstrated a high level of agreement. </LI> <LI> Bootstrap resampling method could supplement the point estimation of predictive capacity by giving a confidence interval. </LI> </UL> </P>
Structural behavior of steel beams strengthened with CFRP strips and cables
Donghwan Lim 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.42 No.3
In the present study, structural behavior of steel beams strengthened with CFRP strips and cables was investigated by a series of experiments. For this purpose, two groups of experimental studies were carried out: one for the beam series strengthened only with CFRP strips and the other for the steel beam series strengthened with CFRP strips and prestressed wires. From this test, it is found that the flexural stiffness and strength of the steel beams strengthened with CFRP strips and cables were significantly improved comparing to the un-strengthened one. Three failure modes such as sudden de-bonding, splitting and rupturing of CFRP strips were observed. The ultimate tensile strains of attached CFRP strips on the steel beams were noticed in the range between 8,000με and 11,000με, and this result disclose the perfect composite reaction CFRP strips and steel beams.
Lim, Donghwan,Lee, Jae Ho,Choi, Changhwan Elsevier 2017 MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Vol.178 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We have studied the electrical characteristics of both n-type and p-type fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) by modulating Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> fraction (25%, 50%) within atomic layer deposited HfAlO<SUB>x</SUB> gate dielectric. Compared to HfO<SUB>2</SUB> alone, lower subthreshold swing (S.S), higher I<SUB>on</SUB>/I<SUB>off</SUB>, and stronger threshold voltage (V<SUB>th</SUB>) immunity against electrical stress are obtained for both n-type and p-type TFETs by adopting nano-laminated atomic layer deposited HfAlO<SUB>x</SUB>, attributed to the increased band gap and interfacial layer scavenging effect.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Compared to HfO<SUB>2</SUB>-TFET, HfAlO<SUB>x</SUB>-TFET show lower S.S, higher I<SUB>on</SUB>/I<SUB>off</SUB>, and improved BTI characteristics. </LI> <LI> HfAlO<SUB>x</SUB> TFET (25% Al composition) shows the optimal electrical characteristics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
A Droop Method for High Capacity Parallel Inverters Considering Accurate Real Power Sharing
Donghwan Kim,Kyosun Jung,Kyungbae Lim,Jaeho Choi 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.1
This paper presents DG based droop controlled parallel inverter systems with virtual impedance considering the unequal resistive-inductive combined line impedance condition. This causes a reactive power sharing error and dynamic performance degradation. Each of these drawbacks can be solved by adding the feedforward term of each line impedance voltage drop or injecting the virtual inductor. However, if the line impedances are high enough because of the long distance between the DG and the PCC or if the capacity of the system is large so that the output current is very large, this leads to a high virtual inductor voltage drop which causes reductions of the output voltage and power. Therefore, the line impedance voltage drops and the virtual inductor and resistor voltage drop compensation methods have been considered to solve these problems. The proposed method has been verified in comparison with the conventional droop method through PSIM simulation and low-scale experimental results.
Cho, Donghwan,Choi, Yusong,Park, Jong Kyoo,Lee, Jinyong,Yoon, Byung Il,Lim, Yun Soo The Korean Fiber Society 2004 Fibers and polymers Vol.5 No.1
In the present paper, a variety of fiber reinforcements, for instance, stabilized OXI-PAN fibers, quasi-carbon fibers, commercial carbon fibers, and their woven fabric forms, have been utilized to fabricate pseudo-unidirectional (pseudo-UD) and 2-directional (2D) phenolic matrix composites using a compression molding method. Prior to fabricating quasi-carbon fiber/phenolic (QC/P) composites, stabilized OXI-PAN fibers and fabrics were heat-treated under low temperature carbonization processes to prepare quasi-carbon fibers and fabrics. The thermal conductivity and thermal expansion/contraction behavior of QC/P composites have been investigated and compared with those of carbon fiber/phenolic (C/P) and stabilized fiber/phenolic composites. Also, the chemical compositions of the fibers used have been characterized. The results suggest that use of proper quasi-carbonization process may control effectively not only the chemical compositions of resulting quasi-carbon fibers but also the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion behavior of quasi-carbon fibers/phenolic composites in the intermediate range between stabilized PAN fiber- and carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic composites.
국부적 열에너지 기반 유연한 기판에 집적된 나노와이어 센서의 제작 및 유해 물질 감지의 응용
김동환(Donghwan Kim),임미애(Mi-Ae Lim),박종욱(Chong Ook Park),박인규(Inkyu Park) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10
Wearable gas sensors are promising candidates for environmental sensing applications due to their excellent properties such as light-weight and mechanical flexibility. However, there still exist significant challenges to develop flexible gas sensor such as integration, mechanical and electrical robustness of nanomaterials. In this paper, we have developed a facial fabrication method of wearable hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) sensors using ZnO nanowires (NWs) decorated with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) based on localized hydrothermal synthesis, which can improve the aforementioned issues. The microheater arrays under interdigitated electrodes supply localized heating to initiate a direct growth of ZnO NWs between the electrodes selectively. In addition, the surface of ZnO NWs can be selectively coated with Pd NPs by using the microheater arrays to further improve the H<SUB>2</SUB>S sensing performances. The flexible device could be used for the detection of H<SUB>2</SUB>S at 10-20 ppm. This study may provide a new opportunity for a simple fabrication of flexible chemical sensor arrays.