Thinking of the Coordinated Development of E-Commerce Economy Entity and the Internet of Things Economy

Lihua 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2013 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.6 No.6

중국 외국투자법(초안) 에 대한 고찰

LiHua 서강대학교 법학연구소 2015 법과기업연구 Vol.5 No.1

외국투자법 초안의 공포로 중국은 거의 30년을 유지하여 외자3법체계를 재정립 할 가능성이 제시되었다. 외국투자법에서는 외국투자자와 외국투자에 대하여 정의를 내리고, 외국투자자의 “외국국적” 여부를 판단함에 있어서 지배개념을 도입하고, 시장진입 전 내국민대우를 부여하고 외국투자에 대한 네거티브 리스트 모델을 택하였다. 외국투자법의 新개념들의 도입으로 중국정부의 외국투자자와 외국투자기업에 대한 관리는 사전관리로부터 사중, 사후관리로 전환된다. 외국투자법에서는 일련의 事中, 事后관리 제도를 도입하고 있는데 여기에는 국가안전심사제도, 정보보고제도, 외국투자 촉진과 외국투자 보호제도, 불만신고 조정에 관한 처리제도, 감독검사제도 등이 포함된다. 동 제도들은 외국투자법에서 규정하고 있는 170개 조항들에 의하여 작동되고 있다. 이와 같이 방대한 량의 규정들은 현재는 의견수렴단계에 있고 향후 구체적으로 수정되겠지만 외국투자법의 통과와 더불어 외상투자 관련 법규의 적용 및 이행이 혼란하고 정부의 시장에 대한 과도한 간섭과 개입은 전체적으로 보았을 때 완화될 것으로 전망된다. 하지만 다른 일각에서는 강화된 국가안전심사제도, 정보보고제도, 감독검사제도와 관련 의무를 불이행시 따르는 법적책임규정을 고찰한다면 동 외국투자법은 특히 중소 외국투자자의 투자의지를 좌절하고 중국시장에 활력을 불러 일으키는데 방애가 된다는 주장이 제기된다. 이러한 우려는 중국 투자법상 애매모호한 규정에 대하여 명확히 하고, 관련 관리절차를 투명화하며, 외국투자관리부문에서 기타 정부부처와의 적극적이 조화로운 협력방안을 모색하고 공정하고 법에 따른 권리구제제도를 보장해야만 해소될 수 있다. 잠재적인 혹은 기존에 이미 중국시장에 진출한 외국투자자거나 외국투자기업은 한편으로 외국투자법 초안에 대하여 깊이 있는 연구를 진행하여 불합리하거나 잘못된 내용들에 대해서는 중국 정부 측에 적극적으로 의견을 제시하는 것이 바람직하다. 또 다른 한편으로는 외국투자법 초안과 이에 대한 각 계의 논의로부터 향후 관리에 대한 흐름을 파악하고 미리 인력자원을 확보하여 변화된 내용들에 대한 철저한 조사와 학습을 근간으로 변화하는 중국투자환경에 신속히 대응할 수 있도록 미리 준비해야 할 것이다. On January 19, 2015, the Ministry of Commerce (the "MOFCOM") of the People"s Republic of China (the "PRC") released a draft of a newly proposed Foreign Investment Law for public comment (the "New Law"). If the New Law is passed by the National People"s Congress and goes into effect, it will entirely replace the current foreign investment legal framework; i.e., the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures Law of the PRC, the Sino-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures Law of the PRC and the Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises Law of the PRC (together, the "Current Framework"), and foreign investors in China will need to adapt accordingly. In the Draft Law, only those foreign investment projects that fall under the negative list are subject to the governmental approval requirement. For those projects or entities that are not on the negative list, foreign investors are allowed to bypass MOFCOM approval and directly register with the respective Administration of Industry and Commerce in the location of the business or the entity. In this regard, foreign invested enterprises can benefit from the national treatment principle and only follow the PRC Company Law and relevant regulations in the same way as Chinese domestic enterprises. In addition to this, the current rules regarding national security review of mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises by foreign investors are general and broad with respect to its scope and contents. The Draft Law will subject all foreign investors and foreign invested enterprises to comprehensive information reporting obligations regardless of the investment sector, even though foreign investment that is not on the negative list is exempt from prior approval. Furthermore, Under the Current Framework, most foreign multinational corporations (the "MNCs") in China operating in the technology, media and telecommunications ("TMT") industries (areas in which foreign equity ownership is restricted) access these industries free of investment restrictions through a variable interest entity ("VIE") structure. The new provisions and systems have received critical comments from scholars, Association on Foreign Enterprises and other departments of government. Some of them include Information reporting systems do raise administrative burdens for the foreign investors and that might be violation of National Treatment. and the provisions regarding national security review are vague and the scope which fall in under system are not clear engough. The deadline of soliciting public comments of the Draft Law was on February 17, 2015. We will keep a close eye on MOFCOM’s subsequent actions over this Draft Law and also monitor any change of rules by other regulatory authorities of foreign investments. As the foreign investor who are currently run business or plan to enter the chinese market should be prepared for the change in chinese legal systems.

Antiviral Activity Enhancement through the SATE Prodrug of a 2'-Modified 5'-Norcarbocyclic Adenine Analogue

Li, Hua,Kim, Si-Wouk,Hong, Joon-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2010 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.31 No.8

We synthesized and tested the anti-HIV activity of the SATE prodrug of a 2'-methyl 5'-norcarbocyclic adenine analogue. The introduction of a methyl group in the 2'-position was performed by the addition of a carbonyl using isopropenyl magnesium bromide. The adenine base was efficiently coupled using the Mitsunobu reaction. The chemical stability study of the bis(SATE) derivative 18 was measured at neutral (pH 7.2) and slightly acid (milli-Q water, pH 5.5) pH, and compounds 16 and 18 were evaluated as potential anti-HIV-1 agents.

Suppression of Hyperglycemia and Hepatic Steatosis by Black-Soybean-Leaf Extract via Enhanced Adiponectin-Receptor Signaling and AMPK Activation

Li, Hua,Kim, Un-Hee,Yoon, Jeong-Hyun,Ji, Hyeon-Seon,Park, Hye-Mi,Park, Ho-Yong,Jeong, Tae-Sook American Chemical Society 2019 Journal of agricultural and food chemistry Vol.67 No.1

<P>Yellow-soybean-leaf extract includes kaempferol glycosides and pheophorbides that reduce obesity and plasma glucose levels. This study researched the molecular mechanisms underlying the glucose-lowering effect of the extract of black-soybean leaves (EBL), which mainly contains quercetin glycosides and isorhamnetin glycosides, in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and diabetes and in HepG2 cells. Twelve weeks of EBL supplementation decreased body weight and fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, triglyceride, and nonesterified fatty acid levels. Histological analyses manifested that EBL suppressed hepatic steatosis. Interestingly, EBL significantly improved plasma adiponectin levels and increased adiponectin-receptor-gene (<I>AdipoR1</I> and <I>AdipoR2</I>) expression in the liver. EBL restored the effects of HFD on hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and on the family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARδ, and PPARγ), which are associated with fatty acid metabolism and are downstream of the adiponectin receptors. Hence, EBL effectively diminished hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis through enhancing adiponectin-induced signaling and AMPK activation in the liver.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Selective Synthesis of 1'(α),2'(β)-C-Dimethyl Carbocyclic Adenosine Analogue as Potential anti-HCV Agent

Li, Hua,Lee, Won-Jae,Yoo, Jin-Cheol,Hong, Joon-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.9

As a part of an ongoing effort to discover inhibitors of the Hepatitis C Virus RNA replication, we describe here the first synthetic route of 1'($\alpha$),2'($\beta$)-C-dimethyl carbocyclic adenine analogue. The key intermediate cyclopentenyl alcohol 8($\alpha$) was prepared from aldehyde 4 using ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as a key reaction. Coupling of 8($\alpha$) with nucleosidic base via the regioselective Mitsunobu reaction followed by stereoselective dihydoxylation and deprotection afforded the target carbocyclic adenine analogue 12.

An Efficient Synthesis of 4'-Vinylated Carbocyclic Nucleoside Analogues via Two Directional Ring-closing Metathesis

Li, Hua,Hong, Joon-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.5

Two directional ring-closing metathesis (RCM) was applied successfully to the synthesis of 4'-vinylated carbocyclic nucleoside analogues from the trivinyl intermediate 12, which was readily made using a sequential Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) starting from Weinreb amide 5. An antiviral evaluation of the synthesized compounds against various viruses such as HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2 and HCMV revealed that the guanine analogue 20 have moderate anti-HIV activity in the MT-4 cell line ($EC_{50}$ = 10.2 $\mu$ M).

Synthesis of Novel Mercaptophenyl Carbocyclic C-Nucleoside Analogue Using Sequential [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement and Ring-closing Metathesis

Li, Hua,Hong, Joon-Hee Korean Chemical Society 2008 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.29 No.4

Novel mercaptophenyl carbocyclic C-nucleoside analogue was synthesized via a cyclopentenol intermediate 10, which was prepared using a sequential [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis (RCM). Friedel-Crafts alkylation was then used to couple the thiophenol.

AtMAP65-1 Binds to Tubulin Dimers to Promote Tubulin Assembly

Li, Hua,Yuan, Ming,Mao, Tonglin Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 2007 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.40 No.2

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the microtubule-associated protein AtMAP65-1 shows various functions on microtubule dynamics and organizations. However, it is still an open question about whether AtMAP65-1 binds to tubulin dimers and how it regulates microtubule dynamics. In present study, the tubulin-binding activity of AtMAP65-1 was investigated. Pull-down and co-sedimentation exp eriments demonstrated that AtMAP65-1 bound to tubulin dimers,at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. Cross-linking experiments showed that AtMAP65-1 bound to tubulin dimers by interacting with $\alpha$-tubulin of the tubulin heterodimer. Interfering the bundling effect of AtMAP65-1 by addition of salt and monitoring the tubulin assembly, the experiment results indicated that AtMAP65-1 promoted tubulin assembly by interacting with tubulin dimers. In addition, five truncated versions of AtMAP65-1, namely AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339 (amino acids 340-587); AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N494 (amino acids 495-587); AtMAP65-1 340-494 (amino acids 340-494); AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C495 (amino acids 1-494) and AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C340 (amino acids 1-339), were tested for their binding activities and roles in tubulin polymerization in vitro. Four (AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339, $\Delta$N494, AtMAP65-1 340-494 and $\Delta$C495) from the five truncated proteins were able to co-sediment with microtubules, and three (AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339, $\Delta$N494 and AtMAP65-1 340-494) of them could bind to tubulin dimers in vitro. Among the three truncated proteins, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N339 showed the greatest activity to promote tubulin polymerization, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$N494 exhibited almost the same activity as the full length protein in promoting tubulin assembly, and AtMAP65-1 340-494 had minor activity to promote tubulin assembly. On the contrast, AtMAP65-1 $\Delta$C495, which bound to microtubules but not to tubulin dimers, did not affect tubulin assembly. Our study suggested that AtMAP65-1 might promote tubulin assembly by binding to tubulin dimers in vivo.

Lipschitz-Killing curvature based expected Euler characteristics for <i>p</i>-value correction in fNIRS

Li, Hua,Tak, Sungho,Ye, Jong Chul Elsevier 2012 Journal of neuroscience methods Vol.204 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a non-invasive imaging approach for measuring brain activities based on changes in the cerebral concentrations of hemoglobin. Recently, statistical analysis based on a general linear model (GLM) has become popular. Here, to impose statistical significance on the activation detected by fNIRS, family-wise error (FWE) rate control is important. However, unlike fMRI, in which measurements are densely sampled on a regular lattice and Gaussian smoothing makes the resulting random field homogeneous, the random fields from fNIRS are inhomogeneous due to the interpolation from sparsely and irregularly distributed optode locations. Thus, tube formula based correction has been proposed to address this issue. However, Sun's tube formula cannot be used for general random fields such as <I>F</I>-statistics. To overcome these difficulties, we employ the expected Euler characteristic approach based on Lipschitz-Killing curvature (LKC) to control the family-wise error rate. We compared this correction method with Sun's tube formula for <I>t</I>-statistics to confirm the existing method. Based on this comparison, we show that covariance estimation should be modified to consider channel-wise least-square residual correlation. These new results supplement the existing tool of statistical parameter mapping for fNIRS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P>► General formulae for <I>p</I>-value corrected <I>t</I>- and <I>F</I>-statistics are derived for fNIRS. ► Equivalence between Sun's tube formula and LKC-based expected EC method has been demonstrated using real data. ► We showed that spatial correlation between different channel residuals should be incorporated into the channel residual covariance estimation. This modification makes the tube formula and LKC-based expected EC methods equivalent. Furthermore, this modification removes the artifact for individual <I>t</I> map.</P>

Densities, Viscosities and Excess Properties of 2-Bromopropane - Methanol Binary Mixtures at Temperature from (298.15 to 318.15) K

Li, Hua,Zhang, Zhen,Zhao, Lei Korean Chemical Society 2010 대한화학회지 Vol.54 No.1

298.15~318.15 K 온도에서 디지탈 진동 U-tube densimeter 와 Ubbelohde 모세관 점성계을 사용하여 2-브로모프로판/메탄올 이성분 혼합물의 밀도와 점성도를 측정하였다. 온도와 농도에 대한 밀도와 점성도 상호 의존 관계를 조사하였다. 이성분 혼합물의 여분 몰부피와 여분 점성도를 실험으로 얻어진 밀도와 점성돌로부터 계산하여 구하였다. 모델이 실험치와 잘부합됨을 발견하였다. The densities and viscosities of 2-bromopropane-methanol binary mixtures had been determined using an digital vibrating U-tube densimeter and Ubbelohde capillary viscometer respectively from (298.15 to 318.15) K. The dependence of densities and viscosities on temperature and concentration had been correlated. The excess molar volume and the excess viscosity of the binary system were calculated from the experimental density and viscosity data. The excess molar volumes were related to compositions by polynomial regression and regression parameters and total RMSD deviations were obtained; the excess viscosities was related to compositions by Redlich-Kister equation and regression coefficients and total RMSD deviation of the excess viscosity for 2-bromopropane and methanol binary system were obtained. The results showed that the model agreed very well with the experimental data.