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Influence of rendering methods on yield and quality of chicken fat recovered from broiler skin
Liang-Kun Lin,Fa-Jui Tan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.6
Objective: In order to utilize fat from broiler byproducts efficiently, it is necessary to develop an appropriate rendering procedure and establish quality information for the rendered fat. A study was therefore undertaken to evaluate the influence of rendering methods on the amounts and general properties of the fat recovered from broiler skin. Methods: The yield and quality of the broiler skin fat rendered through high and lower energy microwave rendering (3.6 W/g for 10 min and 2.4 W/g for 10 min for high power microwave rendering (HPMR) and high power microwave rendering (LPMR), respectively), oven baking (OB, at 180°C for 40 min), and water cooking (WC, boiling for 40 min) were compared. Results: Microwave-rendered skin exhibited the highest yields and fat recovery rates, followed by OB, and WC fats (p<0.05). HPMR fat had the highest L*, a*, and b* values, whereas WC fat had the highest moisture content, acid values, and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the acid value, peroxide value, and TBA values between HPMR and LPMR fats. Conclusion: Microwave rendering at a power level of 3.6 W/g for 10 min is suggested base on the yield and quality of chicken fat.
Regulation of the Hippo Pathway Transcription Factor TEAD
Lin, Kimberly C.,Park, Hyun Woo,Guan, Kun-Liang Elsevier 2017 Trends in biochemical sciences Vol.42 No.11
<P>The TEAD transcription factor family is best known for transcriptional output of the Hippo signaling pathway and has been implicated in processes such as development, cell growth and proliferation, tissue homeostasis, and regeneration. Our understanding of the functional importance of TEADs has increased dramatically since its initial discovery three decades ago. The majority of our knowledge of TEADs is in the context of Hippo signaling as nuclear DNA-binding proteins passively activated by Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional activator with PDZ-binding domain (TAZ), transcription coactivators downstream of the Hippo pathway. However, recent studies suggest that TEAD itself is actively regulated. Here, we highlight evidence demonstrating Hippo-independent regulation of TEADs and the potential impacts these studies may have on new cancer therapeutics.</P> <P><B>Trends</B></P> <P>The TEAD family of transcription factors (TEAD1–4) is best studied in the context of Hippo signaling. TEADs are the primary transcription factors for the YAP/TAZ transcription coactivators of the Hippo pathway.</P> <P>TEADs play an important role in development, tissue homeostasis, and tumorigenesis through regulation of processes such as cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These processes are largely thought to be regulated by binding of YAP/TAZ.</P> <P>Recent studies have uncovered new Hippo-independent mechanisms of TEAD regulation including post-translational modifications and changes in subcellular localization.</P>
Microstructure and Properties of 2Cr13-xMo Stainless Steels Fabricated by Direct Laser Deposition
Jing Liang,Ziyang Lin,Xiuyuan Yin,Suiyuan Chen,Changsheng Liu,Ruihong Chai,Hongwei Zhang,Guangquan Tang,Kun Tian 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1
In this paper, 2Cr13 stainless steels with diferent Mo contents (x=0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%) were fabricated by Direct Laser Deposition (DLD) technology. The efects of Mo element on the microstructure evolution and comprehensive properties such as corrosion resistance and wear resistance of 2Cr13 stainless steel were investigated in detail. The results showed that the microstructure for the DLD 2Cr13 stainless steel was mainly composed of martensite, ferrite,and a small amount of Mo2C and Cr23C6 carbides. With the content of Mo increased from 0.5 to 1.5 wt%, the martensiticmicrostructure was refned and more dispersed Mo2C and Cr23C6 carbides were formed. The average microhardness andcorrosion resistance of the DLD 2Cr13-xMo were increased with the Mo content increased from 0 to 1.0 wt%, and thendecreased when the Mo content exceeded 1.0 wt%. For the DLD 2Cr13-1.0 wt% Mo, the average microhardness reachedup to 620 HV0.2, and the highest corrosion resistance (self-corrosion potential − 0.34 V) was obtained, in which the selfcorrosion potential was 0.05 higher than that of DLD 2Cr13 stainless steel. The wear resistance of the DLD 2Cr13-xMogradually increased with the increase of the Mo, the wear mass loss of DLD 2Cr13-xMo (x=1.0 wt%) was only 37% thatof DLD 2Cr13 stainless steel.