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Anqin Li,Chuou Xu,Ping Liang,Yao Hu,Yaqi Shen,Daoyu Hu,Zhen Li,Ihab R. Kamel 대한영상의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.21 No.5
Objective: To investigate the value of combined chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and conventional magnetization transfer imaging (MT) in detecting metabolic and structural changes of renal fibrosis in rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) at 3T MRI. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent UUO surgery (n = 25) or sham surgery (n = 10). The obstructed and contralateral kidneys were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after surgery. After CEST and MT examinations, 18F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed to quantify glucose metabolism. Fibrosis was measured by histology and western blots. Correlations were compared between asymmetrical magnetization transfer ratio at 1.2 ppm (MTRasym(1.2ppm)) derived from CEST and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) and between magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) derived from MT and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Results: On days 3 and 7, MTRasym(1.2ppm) and MTR of UUO renal cortex and medulla were significantly different from those of contralateral kidneys (p < 0.05). On day 7, MTRasym(1.2ppm) and MTR of UUO renal cortex and medulla were significantly different from those of sham-operated kidneys (p < 0.05). The MTRasym(1.2ppm) of UUO renal medulla was fairly negatively correlated with SUVmax (r = -0.350, p = 0.021), whereas MTR of UUO renal medulla was strongly negatively correlated with α-SMA (r = -0.744, p < 0.001). Conclusion: CEST and MT could provide metabolic and structural information for comprehensive assessment of renal fibrosis in UUO rats in 3T MRI and may aid in clinical monitoring of renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING SAHIWAL × FRIESIAN HEIFERS IN MALAYSIA
Liang, J.B.,Samiyah, M.N.,Azizan, A.R.,Dollah, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
Fourteen Sahiwal ${\times}$ Friesian crossbred heifers were used in a 10-wk feeding trial to determine maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of gain. The heifers were individually fed with a diet consisting of 30% dry grass and 70% concentrates at either 110, 140 or 180% of the anticipated maintenance requirement ($494kJ\;ME/kg^{0.75}/day$). Liveweight of individual heifers was measured weekly to calculate diet requirements and average daily gain (ADG). Diet digestibility was determined for all heifers to determine ME intake. Retained energy (RE) of individual heifers was determined from changes in total body fat and protein using a TOH isotope dilution procedure and, assuming calorific values of 39.3 and 23.6 kJ/g for fat and protein respectively. The estimated ME for maintenance was 433 and $470kJ/kg^{0.75}/day$ by liveweight (ADG) equilibrium and energy (RE) equilibrium analysis respectively. ME requirement for one g of liveight gain was 28 kJ.
Tensile Yield Behaviour of Glass Bead Filled LDPE Composites
Liang, J . Z .,Tang, C . Y .,Li, R . K . Y .,Wong, T . T . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.3
The effects of the filler size and the filler content on the tensile yield behaviour of glass bead filled low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites have been investigated employing an INSTRON materials tester at room temperature. The results show that the influence of the concentration and diameter of glass beads on the tensile yield stress and strain at yield state of the composites is insignificant. It indicates that the interfacial adhesion between the filler and the LDPE matrix is good.
R.C. Venu,M.V. Sreerekha,M. Sheshu Madhav,Kan Nobuta,K. Madhan Mohan,Songbiao Chen,Yulin Jia,Blake C. Meyers,Guo-Liang Wang 한국식물학회 2013 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.56 No.4
Drought, salt and cold are the major abiotic stresses that limit the rice production. Identification of the key functional and regulatory genes in the abiotic stress signaling pathways is important for understanding the molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated the transcriptomes of rice leaves and roots under cold, drought, and salt stresses using the massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) and sequencing by synthesis (SBS) technologies. About 1.8 to 2.6 million individual signatures were obtained from the seven abiotic-stressed and control libraries of the japonica cultivar Nipponbare. A total of 102,630 and 1,414,788 distinct signatures were obtained from the MPSS and SBS libraries, respectively. Clustering analysis identified many up- and down-regulated genes specifically and commonly expressed in the cold, drought and salt-treated plant leaves and roots. Data mining revealed the expression patterns of key functional and regulatory genes that were involved in different abiotic stress signaling pathways. Highly conserved cis-regulatory elements in the promoter of the up-regulated genes were identified. Our comprehensive and deep survey of abiotic stress transcriptome of rice has provided candidate genes for further understanding the molecular basis of abiotic stress tolerance in rice.
Coulomb Blockade Oscillations as a Noninvasive Probe of Screening
R. Nemutudi,C. G. Smith,C.-T. Liang,D. A. Ritchie,G. A. C. Jones,I. Farrer,M. Pepper,M. J. Murphy 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.48 No.6
Noninvasive measurement techniques utilize the fact that the local conditions in an electrical circuit can affect a nearby, but electrically isolated circuit. Such a technique can be used to measure the screening ability of an electron system. In this work, we study non-invasively the screening characteristics of a one-dimensional (1D) channel in close lateral proximity to a quantum dot that forms a separate and electrically isolated circuit. We use a one-dimensional (1D) channel to screen and in-plane electric field between the gate and the lateral quantum dot. The Coulomb blockade oscillations we observe through the quantum dot circuit and the corresponding variation in their periodicity at different gate voltage regions are a signature of the screening characteristics of a 1D channel both at zero magnetic field and in the quantum Hall region. The screening ability of the 1D channel is found to be approximately two orders of magnitude smaller than that of an ungated GaAs two-dimensional electron system.
Deregulation of DNA Damage Signal Transduction by Herpesvirus Latency-Associated M2
Liang, Xiaozhen,Pickering, Mary T.,Cho, Nam-Hyuk,Chang, Heesoon,Volkert, Michael R.,Kowalik, Timothy F.,Jung, Jae U. American Society for Microbiology 2006 Journal of virology Vol.80 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Infected cells recognize viral replication as a DNA damage stress and elicit a DNA damage response that ultimately induces apoptosis as part of host immune surveillance. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism where the murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) latency-associated, anti-interferon M2 protein inhibits DNA damage-induced apoptosis by interacting with the DDB1/COP9/cullin repair complex and the ATM DNA damage signal transducer. M2 expression constitutively induced DDB1 nuclear localization and ATM kinase activation in the absence of DNA damage. Activated ATM subsequently induced Chk activation and p53 phosphorylation and stabilization without eliciting H2AX phosphorylation and MRN recruitment to foci upon DNA damage. Consequently, M2 expression inhibited DNA repair, rendered cells resistant to DNA damage-induced apoptosis, and induced a G1 cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that γHV68 M2 blocks apoptosis-mediated intracellular innate immunity, which might ultimately contribute to its role in latent infection.</P>
Simulation of Prestressed Steel Fiber Concrete Beams Subjected to Shear
Liang Lu,P. R. Tadepalli,Y. L. Mo,T. T. C. Hsu 한국콘크리트학회 2016 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.10 No.3
This paper developed an analytical software, called Simulation of Concrete Structures (SCS), which is used for numerical analysis of shear-critical prestressed steel fiber concrete structures. Based on the previous research at the University of Houston (UH), SCS has been derived from an object-oriented software framework called Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (OpenSees). OpenSees was originally developed at the University of California, Berkeley. New module has been created for steel fiber concrete under prestress based on the constitutive relationships of this material developed at UH. This new material module has been integrated with the existing material modules in OpenSees. SCS thus developed has been used for predicting the behavior of the prestressed steel fiber concrete I-beams and Box-beams tested earlier in this research. The analysis could well predict the entire behavior of the beams including the elastic stiffness, yield point, post-yield stiffness, and maximum load for both web shear and flexure shear failure modes.
Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/CaCO3 Composites
Liang, J . Z .,Tang, C . Y .,Li, R . K . Y .,Wong, T . T . 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1998 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.4 No.4
The effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content on the hardness, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and impact strength of the filled polypropylene (PP) composites have been investigated in the present paper. The results show that the moduli and hardness of the composites increase with addition of CaCO₃ content, but the tensile strength and strain at break is opposite to this; there are extreme values of the tensile yield stress and lzod impact strength at 5% and 10% of CaCO₃ weight fraction, respectively. It indicates that the strength and toughness of PP can be improved to some extent when PP i s filled with suitable concentration of inorganic rigid particles.