The optimal anti-phospholipase A2 receptor cutoff for the diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective study

( Chaofan Li ),( Ping Li ),( Wenkai Guo ),( Lei Chen ),( Jiatong Li ),( Rong Wang ),( Bing Chen ) 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.1

Background/Aims: Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) autoantibody is the main biomarker of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). We aimed to find a new cutoff value of anti-PLA2R for patients with IMN and to explore the relevance between this antibody and baseline clinical parameters. Methods: A total of 670 subjects including 374 IMN cases and 296 non-IMN controls were included between January 2017 and January 2020. All clinical parameters were collected at the time of renal biopsy. The levels of anti-PLA2R were detected by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The optimal cutoff value was calculated by a receiver operating characteristic curve and compared in diagnostic efficiency. Results: The optimal cutoff value of anti-PLA2R for IMN was 7.45 RU/mL with the highest Youden index, and the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 80.75%, 97.97%, 98.05% and 80.11%, respectively. Anti-PLA2R levels in IMN patients demonstrated a significant positive correlation with serum creatinine and 24-hour urinary protein, while they showed a negative correlation with serum albumin and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Conclusions: The recommended cutoff value of anti-PLA2R is 7.45 RU/mL using ELISA detection for distinguishing IMN from non-IMN nephropathy. The level of anti-PLA2R is related to baseline renal function in IMN. This new threshold can improve the diagnostic efficiency and facilitate early diagnosis of IMN.

Changes in distribution and morphology of Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas in an oasis-desert ecotone

Chaofan Li,Fan Yang,Xinqian Zheng,Zhangyong Han,Honglin Pan,Chenglong Zhou,Chunrong Ji 한국지질과학협의회 2021 Geosciences Journal Vol.25 No.5

In the oasis-desert ecotone, nebkhas are of great importance for blocking the intrusion of shifting sand and maintaining the ecological security of oases. The morphological characteristics of nebkhas have been widely researched. However, their spatial distribution and morphological variation with the environment remain unclear. In this paper, we systematically analyzed the spatial distribution pattern, morphological changes, and potential indicative significance of Tamarix ramosissima nebkhas (that is, nebkhas formed around T. ramosissima) in a typical oasis-desert ecotone in Northwest China. Our results showed that the intensity of aeolian activities increased from the inside to the outside of the ecotone, and only T. ramosissima shrubs with high tolerance to aeolian activities could survive. Moreover, from the inside to the outside of the ecotone, the density of the T. ramosissima nebkhas decreased, their size increased, and spatial distribution shifted from aggregation to random. The T. ramosissima shrub can trap aeolian transport and protect nebkhas, leading to sand accumulation in the space between, and leeward edges of, the shrubs. Wind erosion mainly occurs to the windward side and along the sides of the nebkhas. Further, the protective effect of the shrub gradually increased with its growth in a year, resulting in the gradually changed of nebkha surface from wind erosion to sand accumulation, and the nebkha volume showed a fluctuating state of first decreasing and then increasing. This indicates that wind erosion and sand accumulation on the nebkha surface were closely related to the growth cycle of the shrub. In addition, nebkhas exhibited a spatial pattern of growth, inside of the ecotone, to degradation, outside of the ecotone. These results indicate that we should focus on the outside of the ecotone to ensure the ecological stability of oases.

탄산 음료의 포장 형태가 소비자 선택에 미치는 영향

이초범(Li Chaofan),박지혜(Jihye Park) 한국외국어대학교 글로벌경영연구소 2021 글로벌경영연구 = Journal of global business research Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 실험연구 방법을 이용했으며, 가당 탄산음료와 무가당 탄산음료의 포장 형태가 소비자의 선택에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석을 진행하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 2020년 10월에는 중국인을 중심으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시했다. 설문조사의 총 참여인원은 100명이다. 본 실험의 설문지는 총 2가지이며 응답자는 무작위로 2가지의 설문지 중의 하나에 배정된다. 실험은 원형과 직사각형 형태의 탄산음료를 응답자에게 제시하고 제품정보에 대해 학습시킨 뒤 설문지를 작성하는 절차로 이루어진다. 마지막으로 회수한 설문지를 근거로 분석하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 제품 유형(가당 vs. 무가당)이 소비자들이 탄산음료를 선택하는 형태에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 제품 유형(가당 vs. 무가당)에 따라 소비자들이 탄산음료를 선택하는 형태에 차이가 발생한다. 소비자들은 가당 탄산음료를 선택할 때는 원형의 포장을 주로 선택한 반면, 무가당 탄산음료를 선택할 때는 사각형의 포장을 주로 선택하는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다. People nowadays are no longer satisfied with the basic protection function of packaging. They require an active role played between goods and consumers by packaging. Good packaging can be a positive player by effectively transmitting information about the goods to consumers. Usually, the packaging is the first product attribute that consumers come into contact with. So the shape of a product’s packaging is an instrumental factor that influences consumers’ choice of a certain product. In stores with a wide range of products, the shape of a container can arouse a consumer’s desire of buying and enhances the relationship between the product and the consumer. It not only helps to differentiate the product but also sends a message to the consumer. For packaging containers, the shape is important to later success. In this study, the effect of packaging shape and packaging material on the consumer choice for S and U was analyzed by doing an experimental study. To achieve the purpose of this study, an online questionnaire survey was conducted in October 2020 with Chinese people as the focus. The total number of participants in the questionnaire was 100. There were 2 types of questionnaires for this experiment, and respondents were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 types. The experimental procedure was to have the respondents view the product and learn about the product information, and then fill out the questionnaire. Finally, the analysis was conducted based on the returned questionnaires. The results of the study show that product type (가당 vs. 무가당) affects the form of carbonated beverages chosen by consumers, i.e., depending on the product type (가당 vs. 무가당), there is a difference in the form of carbonated beverages chosen by consumers. When choosing S, consumers tend to choose round-shaped packaging, and conversely, when choosing U, consumers are more likely to choose square-shaped packaging. The study concludes with tips, reflections on the shortcomings of the study, and proposals for future research.

Predictability of the western North Pacific summer climate demonstrated by the coupled models of ENSEMBLES

Riyu Lu,Chaofan Li,Buwen Dong 한국기상학회 2011 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10-2

Assessing Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism Changes in Patients With Preeclampsia Using Voxel-Based Morphometry of Oxygen Extraction Fraction Maps in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Qihao Zhang,Chaofan Sui,Junghun Cho,Linfeng Yang,Tao Chen,Bin Guo,Kelly McCabe Gillen,Jing Li,Lingfei Guo,Yi Wang The Korean Society of Radiology 2023 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.24 No.4

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the different brain oxygen metabolism statuses in preeclampsia using magnetic resonance imaging and investigate the factors that affect cerebral oxygen metabolism in preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine women with preeclampsia (mean age 32.4 years; range, 18-44 years), 22 pregnant healthy controls (PHCs) (mean age 30.7 years; range, 23-40 years), and 40 non-pregnant healthy controls (NPHCs) (mean age 32.5 years; range, 20-42 years) were included in this study. Brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) values were computed using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) plus quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent magnitude-based OEF mapping (QSM + quantitative blood oxygen level-dependent imaging or QQ) obtained with a 1.5-T scanner. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to investigate the differences in OEF values in the brain regions among the groups. Results: Among the three groups, the average OEF values were significantly different in multiple brain areas, including the parahippocampus, multiple gyri of the frontal lobe, calcarine, cuneus, and precuneus (all P-values were less than 0.05, after correcting for multiple comparisons). The average OEF values of the preeclampsia group were higher than those of the PHC and NPHC groups. The bilateral superior frontal gyrus/bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus had the largest size of the aforementioned brain regions, and the OEF values in this area were 24.2 ± 4.6, 21.3 ± 2.4, and 20.6 ± 2.8 in the preeclampsia, PHC, and NPHC groups, respectively. In addition, the OEF values showed no significant differences between NPHC and PHC. Correlation analysis revealed that the OEF values of some brain regions (mainly involving the frontal, occipital, and temporal gyrus) were positively correlated with age, gestational week, body mass index, and mean blood pressure in the preeclampsia group (r = 0.361-0.812). Conclusion: Using whole-brain VBM analysis, we found that patients with preeclampsia had higher OEF values than controls.

The Analysis and Optimization of Personalized Customization Model of Crowdsourcing Based on GSPN

Zhang Yaoqi,Li Yang,Wang Lubin,Wang Chaofan,Tu Yan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.6

The development and customization of new products in crowdsourcing is an important crowdsourcing theory application issue. But as a new business model, there are usually low efficiency, poor effect in the process of enterprises, and in practical application and the combination of businesses. This paper proposes the generalized stochastic Petri net (GSPN) theory in the modeling and performance analysis in crowdsourcing business model, and assesses effectively about the overall model’s time performance and operation efficiency, which has been verified and optimized by 24% in an example. This paper starts from crowdsourcing contest business model to optimize the process and the frame of crowdsourcing through quantitative analysis results, so as to provide a reference for the decision-making party of the business model.

Comparative QTL Mapping of Economically Important Traits in Cultivated Brassicas

Nirala Ramchiary,Xiaonan Li,Concong Jiang,Jinling Meng,Chaofan Zhu,Su Ryun Choi,Yong Pyo Lim 한국원예학회 2011 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2011 No.5

A novel bio-inspired approach with multi-resolution mapping for the path planning of multi-robot system in complex environments

Yi Xin,Zhu Anmin,Li Chaofan,Yang Simon X 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.6

For multi-robot systems (MRSs), conventional path planning with single resolution mapping is challenging to balance information and computation. Regarding path planning of MRS, the previous research lacked systematic definition, quantitative evaluation, and the consideration of complex environmental factors. In this paper, a new systematic formulation is proposed to redefine the multi-robot path planning problem in complex environments, and evaluate the related solutions of this problem. To solve this problem, a novel bio-inspired approach based on reaction-diffusion system is given to deal with the path planning of MRS in complex environments, such as electromagnetic interference, ocean currents, and so on. Furthermore, a multi-layer neural dynamic network is proposed to describe environments with multiple resolutions, which can improve time performance while ensuring the integrity of environmental information. Comparative experimental results indicate that the proposed approach shows the excellent path planning performance of MRS in complex environments. The stability of the proposed method is determined by the mathematical basis.

Circuit Model for the Effect of Nonradiative Recombination in a High-Speed Distributed-Feedback Laser

Bowen Nie,Zhijuan Chi,Qing-an Ding,Xiang Li,Changqing Liu,Xiaojuan Wang,Lijun Zhang,Juan Song,Chaofan Li 한국광학회 2020 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.4 No.5

Based on single-mode rate equations, we present an improved equivalent-circuit model for distributedfeedback (DFB) lasers that accounts for the effects of parasitic parameters and nonradiative recombination. This equivalent-circuit model is composed of a parasitic circuit, an electrical circuit, an optical circuit, and a phase circuit, modeling the circuit equations transformed from the rate equations. The validity of the proposed circuit model is verified by comparing simulation results to measured results in the literature. The results show that the slope efficiency and threshold current of the model are 0.22 W/A and 13 mA respectively. It is also shown that increasing bias current results in the increase of the relaxation-oscillation frequency. Moreover, we show that the larger the bias current, the lower the frequency chirp, increasing the possibility of extending the transmission distance of an optical-fiber communication system. The results indicate that the proposed circuit model can accurately predict a DFB laser’s static and dynamic characteristics.