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African Maternal Origin and Genetic Diversity of Chinese Domestic Donkeys
Lei, Chu-Zhao,Ge, Qing-Lan,Zhang, Hu-Cai,Liu, Ruo-Yu,Zhang, Wei,Jiang, Yong-Qing,Dang, Rui-Hua,Zheng, Hui-Ling,Hou, Wen-Tong,Chen, Hong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5
The origin of domestic donkeys in China has been controversial. To clarify the origin of Chinese domestic donkeys, we investigated the partial mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 126 samples from 12 native breeds. The results revealed two mitochondrial origins, lineage Somali and lineage Nubian of African wild ass detected in Chinese domestic donkeys. Lineage Somali was predominant in Chinese domestic donkey breeds. The pattern of genetic variation in ass mtDNA D-loop sequences indicated that the two lineages Somali and Nubian from China had undergone population expansion events. In a combined analysis of lineages Somali and Nubian between previously published sequences from other countries/regions and sequences of Chinese domestic donkeys, the results indicated that the two lineages of Chinese domestic donkeys were from Africa and supported the African maternal origins of Chinese domestic donkeys. There was no obvious geographical structure in Chinese domestic donkey breeds, but the population showed abundant mtDNA diversity. The spread routes of Chinese domestic donkeys were also discussed.
NOLD: A Neural-Network Optimized Low-Resolution Decoder for LDPC Codes
Lei Chu,Huanyu He,Ling Pei,Robert C. Qiu 한국통신학회 2021 Journal of communications and networks Vol.23 No.3
The min-sum (MS) algorithm can decode Low-densityparity-check (LDPC) codes with low computational complexity atthe cost of slight performance loss. It is an effective way to realizehardware implementation of the min-sum decoder by quantizingthe floating belief messages (i.e., check-to-variable messages andvariable-to-check messages) into low-resolution (i.e., 2–4 bits) ver sions. However, such a way can lead to severe performance degra dation due to the finite precision effect. In this paper, we proposea neural-network optimized low-resolution decoding (NOLD) al gorithm for LDPC codes to deal with the problem. Specifically,the optimization of decoding parameters (i.e., scaling factors andquantization step) is achieved in a hybrid way, in which we con catenate a NOLD decoder with a customized neural network. Alllearnable parameters associated with the decoding parameters areassigned to each neuron in the proposed method. What’s more, wedesign a new activation function whose outputs are close to the em ployed quantizer ones when network parameters are finally opti mized off-line. Finally, the performance of the proposed method isverified by numerous experiments. For the case of 2-bit decoding,the proposed approach significantly outperforms several conven tional decoders at the expense of slightly increased off-line trainingtime. Besides, the proposed method with 4-bit quantization incursonly 0.1 dB performance loss compared with the floating min-sumdecoder at the coded bit-error-rate of 10−5. Moreover, we showthat the proposed NOLD decoder works over a wide range of chan nel conditions for regular and irregular LDPC codes. Simulationcode for reproductive results is publicly available1.
Lei, Chu-Zhao,Zhang, Wei,Chen, Hong,Lu, Fan,Ge, Qing-Lan,Liu, Ruo-Yu,Dang, Rui-Hua,Yao, Yun-Yi,Yao, Li-Bo,Lu, Zi-Fan,Zhao, Zhong-liang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.4
Little is known about the origin and genetic diversity of swamp buffaloes in China. To obtain more knowledge on genetics of the water buffalo in China, the complete mitochondrial D-loop sequences of 30 samples from 6 native types were investigated. The results revealed 12 mitochondrial haplotypes with 50 polymorphic sites. Among these polymorphic sites, there were 49 transitions and 1 transversion. The average nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity estimated from mtDNA D-loop region in 6 Chinese water buffalo types were 0.00684 and 0.798, respectively, showing rather abundant mitochondrial genetic diversity. The Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree of mtDNA of Chinese water buffaloes was constructed according to the 12 haplotypes. The NJ tree indicated two lineages being designated lineage A and lineage B, in which lineage A was predominant, and lineage B was at low frequency. The new lineage B was first discovered and defined in 6 Chinese water buffalo types. These results showed that two different maternal lineages were involved in the origin of domestic swamp buffaloes in China and the lineage B was probably an introgression from Southeast Asian buffaloes.
Lei Chu,Liang-Jie Wang,Jiang Jiang,Xia Liu,Kazuhide Sawada,Jinchi Zhang 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.2
Landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) is a critical tool for mitigating the damages caused by geologic disasters. The selection of map units and mathematical models greatly affects the efficiency of LSM. To obtain the most appropriate combination of map units and mathematical models, four scales of catchment map units (CMUs) were analyzed and random forest (RF) and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARSpline) models were applied in Gero City, Japan. The percentage of correctly identified landslides and the areas under the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the model performances. The results indicate that the RF model had higher prediction accuracy than the MARSpline model, especially when the size of the CMU was 0.09 km2. A relatively high percentage of landslides fell into the high and very high landslide susceptibility classes (73%) and the lowest percentage of landslides fell into the very low landslide susceptibility classes (0.82%). The prediction-area (P-A) plots indicated that the prediction rates were higher for the RF model than the MARSpline model. The results of this study also suggest that the model accuracy can be increased if the appropriate CMU size is used. Therefore, the potential benefits of using the RF model in combination with the appropriate CMU size should be further explored using additional landslide-conditioning factors and other models.
Lei Hu,Mei Yang,Ning Xu,Jiaxing Xu,Shouyong Zhou,Xiao-Zhong Chu,Yijiang Zhao 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.1
An economical and effective approach for the selective transformation of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran (DHMF) was developed by catalytic transfer hydrogenation over various magnetic zirconium hydroxides (MZHs). As expected, MZH with a moderate Zr/Fe molar ratio of 2 displayed the highest catalytic activity, resulting in 98.4% HMF conversion and 89.6% DHMF yield at 150 oC for 5 h in the presence of 2-butanol that simultaneously acted as the hydrogen donor and reaction solvent, which was ascribed to its appropriate specific surface area, pore size and acid-base content. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of HMF into DHMF over MHZ(Zr/Fe=2) was also proposed, in which the basic hydroxyl groups with the aid of acidic zirconium metal centers were considered to be responsible for the pivotal hydride transfer via a six-membered ring structure.
Chu, Chang-Mu,Lei, Chun-Yu,Sun, Jiao-Jiao,Suo, Hong-Min Korean Mathematical Society 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.1
Three nontrivial nonnegative solutions for some critical quasilinear elliptic systems with lower-order negative perturbations are obtained by using the Ekeland's variational principle and the mountain pass theorem.
Morphology control of mesoporous Cu<sub>2</sub>O by reductants and its photocatalytic activity
Chu, Xiao-Zhong,Cheng, Zhi-Peng,Zhao, Yi-Jiang,Xu, Ji-Ming,Li, Mei-Sheng,Hu, Lei,Zhou, Shou-Yong,Wu, Fei-Yue,Lee, Chang-Ha Elsevier 2017 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.43 No.11
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mesoporous Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O particles with different morphologies were synthesized via simple one-pot reactions. Effects of reducing agents, dispersant, template, and temperature on the <B>structure</B> of the prepared materials were investigated. Mesoporous flower-shaped Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O materials were obtained at 70℃ using glucose <B>as a reductant</B>. Different hollow microsphere shapes of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O could be prepared at 40℃ using <B>another type of reductant, ascorbic acid</B>. The results indicated that the uniform morphology of synthesized Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O with mesopores presented a maximum specific surface area of 45.3m<SUP>2</SUP>/g. Furthermore, the as-prepared Cu<SUB>2</SUB>O particles showed good photodegradation efficiencies of methyl orange in the range of 86.0–93.7%, depending on their morphologies.</P>
The Optimization Process of Aircraft Side Panel’s Weight Reduction Based on Orthogonal Experiment
Jianjie Chu,Pengchao Wang,Lei Wang,Wenzhe Cun,Meixuan Zhang 한국항공우주학회 2021 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.22 No.6
Reducing aircraft weight for engineering and manufacturing processes is very important but challenging. To solve this problem, a weight-reduction optimization design method for aircraft side panels based on orthogonal experiments and finite-element analysis was proposed for the first time in this paper. The design factors of the aircraft side panels and the layout of composite materials were comprehensively considered in an orthogonal design experiment and optimized using the finite-element analysis software ABAQUS. The side panels were locally strengthened to reduce the thickness of the honeycomb core in the composite material to meet the strength requirements, thereby reducing the weight of the side panels. The final experimental scheme was 245.7 g (11.4%) lighter than the original scheme, showing that the proposed method can efficiently and rapidly achieve significant weight reduction of aircraft side panels.
Liang Qianping,Chu Feifei,Zhang Lei,Jiang Yuanyuan,Li Lu,Wu Huili 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: Chemoresistance is a common event after cancer chemotherapy, which is associated with the deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs). The objective of this study was to clarify the role of circ-LDLRAD3 in cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The expression of circ-LDLRAD3, miR-588, and SRY-box transcription factor 5 (SOX5) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value were measured by CCK8 assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by colony formation and EdU assays. Cell apoptosis and cell invasion were assessed by flow cytometry assay and transwell assay, respectively. The expression of SOX5 protein was detected by Western blotting. A xenograft model was established to verify the role of circ-LDLRAD3 in vivo. Exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation and identified by transmission electron microscopy and the expression of exosome-related proteins. Results: circ-LDLRAD3 was overexpressed in DDP-resistant GC tissues and cells. circ-LDLRAD3 knockdown decreased the IC50 of DDP-resistant cells and suppressed cell proliferation, survival and invasion. miR-588 was a target of circ-LDLRAD3, and miR-588 inhibition attenuated the inhibition of DDP resistance, proliferation, survival and invasion in DDP-resistant GC cells caused by circ-LDLRAD3 knockdown. SOX5 was a target of miR-588, and the inhibition of the DDP resistance, proliferation, survival and invasion of DDP-resistant GC cells by miR-588 restoration was largely rescued SOX5 overexpression. circ-LDLRAD3 knockdown inhibited DDP resistance and tumor growth in vivo. circ-LDLRAD3 was overexpressed in exosomes isolated from DDP-resistant GC cells. Conclusions: circ-LDLRAD3 knockdown reduced DDP resistance and blocked the malignant development of DDP-resistant GC by modulating the miR-588/SOX5 pathway.
Chang-Mu Chu,Chun-Yu Lei,Jiao-Jiao Sun,Hong-Min Suo 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회보 Vol.54 No.1
Three nontrivial nonnegative solutions for some critical quasilinear elliptic systems with lower-order negative perturbations are obtained by using the Ekeland's variational principle and the mountain pass theorem.