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Lee, Sa Mi,Kang, Kyungsu,Chung, Hyungsup,Yoo, Soon Hee,Xu, Xiang Ming,Lee, Seung-Bum,Cheong, Jong-Joo,Daniell, Henry,Kim, Minkyun Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2006 Molecules and cells Vol.21 No.3
<P>The plastid transformation approach offers a number of unique advantages, including high-level transgene expression, multi-gene engineering, transgene containment, and a lack of gene silencing and position effects. The extension of plastid transformation technology to monocotyledonous cereal crops, including rice, bears great promise for the improvement of agronomic traits, and the efficient production of pharmaceutical or nutritional enhancement. Here, we report a promising step towards stable plastid transformation in rice. We produced fertile transplastomic rice plants and demonstrated transmission of the plastid-expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and aminoglycoside 3'-adenylyltransferase genes to the progeny of these plants. Transgenic chloroplasts were determined to have stably expressed the GFP, which was confirmed by both confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses. Although the produced rice plastid transformants were found to be heteroplastomic, and the transformation efficiency requires further improvement, this study has established a variety of parameters for the use of plastid transformation technology in cereal crops.</P>
Development of Impact Evaluation and Diagnostic Indicators for Sinkholes
Lee, KyungSu,Kim, TaeHyeong The Korea Contents Association 2018 International Journal of Contents Vol.14 No.3
Based on the previous studies on sinkholes and ground subsidence conducted until date, the factors affecting the occurrence of sinkholes can be divided into natural environmental factors and human environmental factors in accordance with the purpose of the study. Furthermore, to be more specific, the human environment can be classified into the artificial type and the social type. In this study, the assessment indices for assessing risks of sinkholes and ground subsidence were developed by performing AHP analysis based on the results of the study by Lee et al. (2016), who selected the risk factors for the occurrence of sinkholes by performing Delphi analysis targeting relevant experts. Analysis showed that the artificial environmental factors were of significance in affecting the occurrence of sinkholes. Explicitly, the underground factors were found to be of importance in the natural environment, and among them, the level of underground water turned out to be an imperative influencing factor. In the artificial environment, the underground and subterranean structures exhibited similar importance, and in the underground structures, the excessive use of the underground space was found to be an important influencing factor. In the subterranean ones, the level of water leakage and the erosion of the water supply and sewage piping system were the influential factors, and in the surface, compaction failure was observed as an imperative factor. In the social environment, the regional development, and above all, the groundwater overuse were found to be important factors. In the managemental and institutional environment, the improper construction management proved to be the most important influencing factor.
Lee, Jaemin,Kang, Tae Heung,Yoo, Wonbeak,Choi, Hyunji,Jo, Seongyea,Kong, Kyungsu,Lee, Sang-Rae,Kim, Sun-Uk,Kim, Ji-Su,Cho, Duck,Kim, Janghwan,Kim, Jeong-Yoon,Kwon, Eun-Soo,Kim, Seokho AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER RESEARCH 2019 CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH Vol.7 No.2
<P>The homing of natural killer (NK) cells is often inhibited by pancreatic cancer tumors. A mesothelin-directed antibody conjugated to a cleavable NK cell—recruiting chemokine increased NK-cell infiltration of PDAC tumors, reduced tumor burden, and improved survival.</P><P>Natural killer (NK) cells are primary immune cells that target cancer cells and can be used as a therapeutic agent against pancreatic cancer. Despite the usefulness of NK cells, NK-cell therapy is limited by tumor cell inhibition of NK-cell homing to tumor sites, thereby preventing a sustained antitumor immune response. One approach to successful cancer immunotherapy is to increase trafficking of NK cells to tumor tissues. Here, we developed an antibody-based NK-cell–homing protein, named NK-cell–recruiting protein-conjugated antibody (NRP-body). The effect of NRP-body on infiltration of NK cells into primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer was evaluated <I>in vitro</I> and in murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma models. The NRP-body increased NK-cell infiltration of tumors along a CXCL16 gradient (CXCL16 is cleaved from the NRP-body by furin expressed on the surface of pancreatic cancer cells). CXCL16 induced NK-cell infiltration by activating RhoA via the ERK signaling cascade. Administration of the NRP-body to pancreatic cancer model mice increased tumor tissue infiltration of transferred NK cells and reduced the tumor burden compared with that in controls. Overall survival of NRP-body–treated mice (even the metastasis models) was higher than that of mice receiving NK cells alone. In conclusion, increasing NK-cell infiltration into tumor tissues improved response to this cancer immunotherapy. The combination of an NRP-body with NK-cell therapy might be useful for treating pancreatic cancer.</P>