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論文(론문) : 關闔樞(관합추)와 標本中氣(표본중기) 從化規律(종화규율)의 相關性(상관성)에 관한 硏究(연구)
이상협 ( Sang Hyup Lee ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4
A study on the relationship between ‘Lock, Door and Axis’ with the principal of following to the ‘Tip, Root and Middle qi’Lee Sang-Hyup1 *1Dept. of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Dong Eui University Objective: I would like to study the relationship between the theory of ‘Lock, Door and Axis’ with the principal of following to the ‘Tip, Root and Middle qi’ in Huang-Di-Nei-Jing. It can be analysed from the relativeness among the sentences to appearing in Shang-Han-Lun. And consider the theoretical relationship of the two books. Method: First, I search out the exact meaning of ‘Lock, Door and Axis’ theory. Second, The principal of following to the ‘Tip, Root and Middle qi’ is closely associated with ‘Lock, Door and Axis’ theory. Third, I would like to prove that the several sentence in the Shang-Han-Lun are closely related to the Huang-Di-Nei-Jing. Result: Zhang Zhong-jing`s Shang-Han-Lun quote a theoretical basis in the Huang-Di-Nei-Jing. Furthermore, it extensively quote to explan a disease and treatment, and so on. Conclusion: It is necessary to study hard the Huang-Di-Nei-Jing for understand clearly the sentences of Shang-Han-Lun. I think that Huang-Di-Nei-Jing have a decisive effect on the Zhang Zhong-jing`s thinking to the disease and his medical theory. Key Words: ‘Lock, Door and Axis’(關闔樞), ‘Tip, Root and Middle qi’(標本中氣), Shang-Han-Lun, Yangming disease(陽明病), Reverting yin disease(厥陰病).
Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy under lateral decubitus position
Sang Hyup Lee,Youn Joo Jung,Hyuk Jae Jung,Jee Yeon Kim,Ki Seok Choo,Kyung Jin Nam,Hyun Yul Kim 대한외과학회 2015 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.90 No.1
Purpose: Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) has been established as a standard method for histological diagnosis of microcalcification or nonpalpable breast lesions on mammography. Generally, the procedure has been done under the prone position or upright sitting position. We herein attempt to evaluate clinical utility of Stereotactic VAB under lateral decubitus position. Methods: One hundred six women (mean age, 51.2 years) with mammographically detected microcalcification underwent lateral decubitus positioning VAB using the 8G probe. In all cases, we obtained mammography specimens for identification of microcalcification and postprocedure mammography. We reviewed mean procedure time, pieces of specimen, pathology and follow-up mammography. Results: The procedure took approximately 20 minutes (range, 15–24 minutes). Average number of obtained specimens was 8.5 pieces (range, 6–12 pieces). Microcalcifications were confirmed in both specimen mammography and microscopic slides. Of 106 cases, 10 cases were diagnosed as ductal carcinoma in situ. Additional surgical management was performed. Atypical ductal hyperplasias were found in 8 cases, and fibrocystic changes in 88 cases. Conclusion: Stereotactic VAB using the 8G probe under lateral decubitus position does not need a dedicated table, and is easier to maintain the position. Also, this procedure is accurate and safe. Thus, stereotactic VAB using the 8G probe under lateral decubitus position will be a useful method for diagnosis of microcalcification or nonpalpable breast lesions on mammography.
A new fabrication method for IPMC actuators and application to artificial fingers
Lee, Sang Jun,Han, Man Jae,Kim, Seong Jun,Jho, Jae Young,Lee, Ho Young,Kim, Yong Hyup Institute of Physics Publishing 2006 Smart materials & structures Vol.15 No.5
<P>IPMC (ionic polymer metal composite), a kind of ionic electroactive polymer (EAP), has been used for various applications because it has light weight and can make large bending deformation under low driving voltage. In the present work, thick IPMC films were fabricated by hot-pressing several thin IPMC films and the actuating performance was evaluated. Displacement and maximum load with applied voltage were measured using a displacement measuring system, a load cell and a multimeter. Several cycles of Pt electroless-plating were performed on the IPMC films to improve the actuating performance. Then, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrographs and EDS (energy dispersive spectrometer) profiles of the IPMC specimen were examined. To demonstrate the feasibility of IPMC films for medical or robotic applications, the developed IPMC actuators were applied to artificial fingers and tested. </P>
Lee, Jung Hoon,Kim, Nayoung,Chung, Jae Il,Kang, Kyung Phil,Lee, Sang Hyup,Park, Young Soo,Hwang, Jin-Hyeok,Kim, Jin-Wook,Jeong, Sook-Hyang,Lee, Dong Ho,Jung, Hyun Chae,Song, In Sung Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2008 HELICOBACTER -CAMBRIDGE USA- Vol.13 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: Serology is widely used for epidemiologic research of Helicobacter pylori. However, there is limited information on the long-term follow up of H. pylori titers after eradication. In addition, it is presumed that the reinfection rate decreases as the H. pylori infection rate decreases. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term follow up of H. pylori IgG, and to evaluate the reinfection rate of H. pylori in Korea. METHODS: Among 247 patients, who were enrolled during 2003-07, 185 patients with invasive H. pylori test positive received proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy, and follow-up H. pylori testing, including histology, CLOtest, culture, and serology, were evaluated 2, 10, and 18 months after H. pylori eradication. RESULTS: The initial H. pylori IgG optical density (OD(450 nm)), 2.06, gradually decreased to 0.63 (67% reduction) at 18 months after H. pylori eradication. The seroreversion rate was 5, 10, and 45% at 2, 10, and 18 months after H. pylori eradication, respectively. The recrudescence of H. pylori was 3.49%, and the annual reinfection rate was 2.94% per year. H. pylori IgG titers abruptly increased in cases with recrudescence and reinfection, and correlated with the results of the invasive H. pylori tests. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that H. pylori IgG serology could be used for the determination of reinfection of H. pylori, but not for the diagnosis of H. pylori eradication. The reinfection rate of H. pylori, in Korea, was found to be very low, 2.94% per year.</P>
Lee, Ho Yun,Lee, Hak Jong,Byun, Seok-Soo,Lee, Sang Eun,Hong, Sung Kyu,Kim, Seung Hyup Williams and Wilkins Co 2007 The Journal of urology Vol.178 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>We evaluated the effect of intracapsular anesthesia and periprostatic nerve block during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study 152 consecutive patients were randomized into 3 groups. Group 1 of 41 patients was administered intraprostatic local anesthesia into the right and left sides with a total of 2 ml 1% lidocaine and a periprostatic injection of 2 ml saline later. Group 2 of 49 patients was administered intraprostatic injection of 2 ml saline, followed by periprostatic local anesthesia with 2 ml 1% lidocaine. Group 3 of 62 patients received intraprostatic and periprostatic local anesthesia with 2 ml 1% lidocaine. Patients were asked to grade the pain level using a 10-point linear visual analog pain scale 1) when the transrectal ultrasound probe was inserted, 2) during anesthesia, 3) during biopsy and 4) 20 minutes after biopsy. One-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test with the Tukey post hoc test were used to compare patient characteristics and pain scale responses among the 3 groups.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>No major complications, including sepsis and severe rectal bleeding, were noted in any patient. There were statistically significant differences in pain scores among groups 1 to 3 during anesthesia (mean ± SD 5.6 ± 2.5, 6.7 ± 2.3 and 4.9 ± 2.1, p = 0.003) and during biopsy (4.3 ± 2.7, 4.5 ± 2.6 and 2.7 ± 2.1, respectively, p = 0.032). There were no differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion (p = 0.39).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>A combination of intracapsular anesthesia and periprostatic nerve block is an effective and useful technique that is well tolerated by the patient. It decreases the level of pain and discomfort associated with the prostatic biopsy procedure.</P>
Removal and Recovery of Cr(VI) from Industrial Plating Wastewater Using Fibrous Anion Exchanger
Lee, Chang-Gu,Park, Jeong-Ann,Choi, Jae-Woo,Ko, Seok-Oh,Lee, Sang-Hyup Springer Netherlands 2016 Water, Air and Soil Pollution Vol.227 No.8
<P>The aim of this study was to investigate the removal and recovery of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) from industrial plating wastewater using anion exchanger Kanecaron SA fibers in batch systems. The surface morphology and physicochemical properties of the fiber were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The removal efficiency was affected by the solution pH and showed a plateau formation decreasing on both sides of pH 4. The Cr(VI) uptake on Kanecaron SA fibers was rapidly increased in the first 10 min, and the kinetic data fit well to the Elovich model. Isotherm model analysis demonstrates that the Redlich-Peterson model suitably describes the equilibrium data, and the maximum adsorption capacity (Q(m)) from the Langmuir model was 87.366 mg/g for Cr(VI) in distilled water, 117.977 mg/g for total Cr, and 57.101 mg/g for Cr(VI) in wastewater. Additionally, the Cr(III) contained in the plating wastewater was removed by the Kanecaron SA fibers, while the other heavy metals were not removed. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that Cr(VI) adsorption to Kanecaron SA fibers decreased with increasing temperature from 10 to 50 degrees C, indicating the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the sorption process. The removal efficiency was maintained above 80 % during four regeneration cycles.</P>
Lee, Chang-Gu,Alvarez, Pedro J.J.,Nam, Aram,Park, Seong-Jik,Do, Taegu,Choi, Ung-Su,Lee, Sang-Hyup Elsevier 2017 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.325 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates As(V) removal from aqueous solutions using a novel amine-doped acrylic ion exchange fiber. The amine doping reaction was confirmed using FT-IR, and the surface of the fiber was characterized using FEG-SEM. The synthesis process was completed within 60min using an AlCl<SUB>3</SUB>·6H<SUB>2</SUB>O catalyst at 100°C, and the resulting in a fiber with an ion exchange capacity of 7.5meq/g. The removal efficiency of the A-60 fiber was affected by the solution pH, and the efficiency was optimum at pH 3.04. As(V) adsorption on the fiber was rapid in the first 20min and reached equilibrium in 60min. As(V) removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm model provided the best fit of the equilibrium data. The fiber has an As(V) adsorption capacity (<I>q<SUB>e</SUB> </I>) of 205.32±3.57mg/g, which is considerably higher than literature values and commercial adsorbents. The removal efficiency of the fiber was above 83% of the initial value after nine regeneration cycles.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel amine-doped acrylic fiber was suitable for the removal of As(V) from water. </LI> <LI> The amine doping reaction was complete within 60min under catalysis at 100°C. </LI> <LI> The maximum adsorption capacity (<I>q<SUB>e</SUB>)</I> for As(V) was 205.3±3.6mg/g. </LI> <LI> This fiber can be an affordable and reusable ion exchange medium. </LI> </UL> </P>