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A Stable Operation Strategy in Micro-grid Systems without Diesel Generators
Sung-Sik Choi,Min-Kwan Kang,Hu-Dong Lee,Yang-Hyun Nam,Dae-Seok Rho 대한전기학회 2018 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.13 No.1
Recently, as one of the countermeasures to reduce carbon dioxide(CO2) for global warming problems, operation methods in micro-grid systems replacing diesel generator with renewable energy sources including wind power(WP) and photovoltaic(PV) system have been studied and presented in energetic manners. However, it is reported that some operation problems in microgrid systems without diesel generator for carbon-free island are being occurred when large scaled WP systems are at start-up. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes an operation strategy in micro-grid systems by adapting control devices such as CVCF(constant voltage constant frequency) ESS(energy storage system) for constant frequency and voltage regulation, load control ESS for balancing demand and supply and SVC(static-var compensator) for reactive power compensation. From the simulation results based on the various operation scenarios, it is confirmed that the proposed operation strategy in micro-grid systems without diesel generators is a useful tool to perform a stable operation in micro-grid systems without diesel generator and also make a contribution to reduce carbon dioxide in micro-grid systems.
Method of Reconstruction Governs Iron Metabolism After Gastrectomy for Patients With Gastric Cancer
Lee, Joong Ho,Hyung, Woo Jin,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Kim, Yoo-Min,Son, Taeil,Okumura, Naoki,Hu, Yanfeng,Kim, Choong-Bai,Noh, Sung Hoon by Lippincott Williams Wilkins. 2013 Annals of surgery Vol.258 No.6
OBJECTIVE:: Anemia after gastrectomy is commonly neglected by clinicians despite being an important and frequent long-term metabolic sequela. We hypothesized that the incidence and timing of the occurrence of iron deficiency after gastrectomy is closely associated with the extent of gastrectomy and the reconstruction method, and we investigated the treatment outcomes of iron supplementation to understand iron metabolism and determine the optimal reconstruction method after gastrectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: Using a prospective gastric cancer database, we identified 381 patients with early gastric cancer with complete hematologic parameters who underwent gastrectomy between January 2004 and May 2008. Kaplan-Meier methods, Cox regression, and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method with iron metabolism. RESULTS:: The prevalence of iron deficiency 3 years after gastrectomy was 69.1%, and iron-deficiency anemia was observed in 31.0% of patients. Iron deficiency developed in 64.8% and 90.5% of patients after distal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy within 3 years after surgery (P < 0.0001), respectively. Iron deficiency was significantly more frequent in women than in men (P < 0.0001) and after gastrojejunostomy than after gastroduodenostomy (P < 0.0001). Serum ferritin levels were different according to the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method. The proportion of patients treated for iron-deficiency anemia was also significantly different according to the extent of gastrectomy (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS:: Iron deficiency occurs in most patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy, and its incidence was different according to the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method. To improve iron metabolism after distal gastrectomy, gastroduodenostomy would be the method of reconstruction whenever possible.
Isolation and characterisation of collagen from elk antler velvet
Lee, Do Hun,Hong, Heeok,Lodhi, Gaurav,Cheong, Sun Hee,Park, Pyo Jam,Hu, Tiejun,Sangwoo, Kim,Moon, Sang Ho,Jeon, Byong Tae CSIRO Publishing 2014 Animal Production Science Vol.54 No.8
<P> Collagen was extracted from the antler velvet of elk (Cervus elaphus). Two types of collagen were prepared namely, acetic acid-soluble collagen and pepsin-soluble collagen. The electrophoretic patterns of both of the collagens showed that they were heterotrimeric, i.e. they consisted of α1α2α3. The total yield of the collagen obtained from the elk antler velvet was 12.1%. Amino acid analysis of the collagen by high-performance liquid chromatography showed that imino acid content such as that of proline and hydroxyproline was high, which might contribute to better visco-elastic properties. The peptide mapping of the collagens showed their similarity with porcine Type I collagen, thereby suggesting that the primary structure of both collagens is identical to that of porcine skin Type I collagen. The thermal denaturation temperature was 37°C, which is comparable to porcine Type I collagen and may also be as a result of high imino acid content. </P>
Lee, Sung Keun,Lin, Jung-Fu,Cai, Yong Q,Hiraoka, Nozomu,Eng, Peter J,Okuchi, Takuo,Mao, Ho-Kwang,Meng, Yue,Hu, Michael Y,Chow, Paul,Shu, Jinfu,Li, Baosheng,Fukui, Hiroshi,Lee, Bum Han,Kim, Hyun Na,Yoo National Academy of Sciences 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.105 No.23
<P>Silicate melts at the top of the transition zone and the core-mantle boundary have significant influences on the dynamics and properties of Earth's interior. MgSiO3-rich silicate melts were among the primary components of the magma ocean and thus played essential roles in the chemical differentiation of the early Earth. Diverse macroscopic properties of silicate melts in Earth's interior, such as density, viscosity, and crystal-melt partitioning, depend on their electronic and short-range local structures at high pressures and temperatures. Despite essential roles of silicate melts in many geophysical and geodynamic problems, little is known about their nature under the conditions of Earth's interior, including the densification mechanisms and the atomistic origins of the macroscopic properties at high pressures. Here, we have probed local electronic structures of MgSiO3 glass (as a precursor to Mg-silicate melts), using high-pressure x-ray Raman spectroscopy up to 39 GPa, in which high-pressure oxygen K-edge features suggest the formation of tricluster oxygens (oxygen coordinated with three Si frameworks; 3O) between 12 and 20 GPa. Our results indicate that the densification in MgSiO3 melt is thus likely to be accompanied with the formation of triculster, in addition to a reduction in nonbridging oxygens. The pressure-induced increase in the fraction of oxygen triclusters >20 GPa would result in enhanced density, viscosity, and crystal-melt partitioning, and reduced element diffusivity in the MgSiO3 melt toward deeper part of the Earth's lower mantle.</P>