Wearable antenna for Body area Network

Eng Gee Lim,Zhao Wang,Sanghyuk Lee 중소기업정보기술융합학회 2013 융합정보논문지 Vol.3 No.2

무선 신체 영역 네트워크 (WBAN)는 블루투스 활성화 장치 및 PDA와 같은 작고 가벼운 무선 시스템 의 출현 에 의해 가능하게 되었다. 안테나 는 WBAN 시스템의 필수적인 부분입니다 및 기술적 요구 사항과 물리적 제약 여러 가지 에, 자신의 디자인 및 배치 의 주의 깊은 고려 가 필요하다. 의류 의 일부 는 건강 관리 응용 프로그램 에서 추적 및 네비게이션 등의 통신 기능을 제공하기 위해 본 논문 은 착용 할 수 있는 안테나 의 디자인을 제안하고 있다. 착용 할 수 있는 안테나의 기판은 착용 할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 경량, 낮은 유지 보수, 눈에 거슬리지 않는 작은 크기로 만들도록 섬유 재료로 만든다 본 논문은 안테나 디자인 WBAN 요구 사항을 만족 하는지 확인하기 위해 섬유/기판의 유형을 포함하여 착용 할 수 있는 안테나에 대한 다른 매개 변수의 영향을 조사한다. 안테나의특성 및 동작은 무선 표준 기술 및 시스템 요구 사항에 의해 설정된 사양 을 준수 할 필요가 있다. 이것은 다양한 유닛의 송신 및 수신 주파수 대역을 적절하게 선택 될 필요가 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인체에 노출 될 수 있는 힘의 레벨에 제한이 있기 때문에, 안테나 등의 RF 시스템의 구성 요소는 이러한 제한을 충족하도록 설계 되어야한다. 직접 전력 전송 에 영향을 미치는 안테나 이득, 안전 지침 내에 전력 레벨 을 보장 하는 중요한 매개 변수이고 설계에 가장 중요하다. WBAN 안테나 및 장치와 인체 사이의 전자기 상호 작용은 또한 탐색 할 것이다

Similarity Measure Design on High Dimensional Data

Sanghyuk Lee,Eng Gee Lim 한국재활복지공학회 2013 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Designing of similarity on high dimensional data was done. Similarity measure between high dimensional data was considered by analyzing neighbor information with respect to data sets. Obtained result could be applied to big data, because big data has multiple characteristics compared to simple data set. Definitely, analysis of high dimensional data could be the pre-study of big data. High dimensional data analysis was also compared with the conventional similarity. Traditional similarity measure on overlapped data was illustrated, and application to non-overlapped data was carried out. Its usefulness was proved by way of mathematical proof, and verified by calculation of similarity for artificial data example.

Bandwidth Enhancement for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Antenna

Eng Gee Lim,Zhao Wang,Shouwei Zhang,Sanghyuk Lee 한국재활복지공학회 2013 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is one of the most influential bio-medical electronic technologies defined at the beginning of the century. In comparison with traditional endoscopic diagnosis, this application is characterized by noninvasive and low-risk, thereby provides surgeons with a new alternative to inspect the entire gastrointestinal (GI) track in a much more friendly way. Inverted-F antenna (IFA) is a very popular and widely used in WCE system because of several significant advantages. However, IFA also has many shortages that become big limitations for its commercial application, such as narrow bandwidth. Therefore, it is a great challenge to design a IFA with a wider bandwidth. In this paper, an existing IFA working on 1.2 GHz was investigated first. Then, by adding additional patches on the feed line, the narrow bandwidth problem of this IFA was well solved. By this method, no additional cost is needed, and also it is easy to manufacture.

Wearable antenna for Body area Network

Lim, Eng Gee,Wang, Zhao,Lee, Sanghyuk Convergence Society for SMB 2013 융합정보논문지 Vol.3 No.2

무선 신체 영역 네트워크 (WBAN)는 블루투스 활성화 장치 및 PDA와 같은 작고 가벼운 무선 시스템의 출현에 의해 가능하게 되었다. 안테나는 WBAN 시스템의 필수적인 부분입니다 및 기술적 요구 사항과 물리적 제약 여러 가지에, 자신의 디자인 및 배치의 주의 깊은 고려가 필요하다. 의류의 일부는 건강 관리 응용 프로그램에서 추적 및 네비게이션 등의 통신 기능을 제공하기 위해 본 논문은 착용할 수 있는 안테나의 디자인을 제안하고 있다. 착용할 수 있는 안테나의 기판은 착용할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 경량, 낮은 유지 보수, 눈에 거슬리지 않는 작은 크기로 만들도록 섬유 재료로 만든다 본 논문은 안테나 디자인 WBAN 요구 사항을 만족 하는지 확인하기 위해 섬유/기판의 유형을 포함하여 착용할 수 있는 안테나에 대한 다른 매개 변수의 영향을 조사한다. 안테나의특성 및 동작은 무선 표준 기술 및 시스템 요구 사항에 의해 설정된 사양을 준수 할 필요가 있다. 이것은 다양한 유닛의 송신 및 수신 주파수 대역을 적절하게 선택될 필요가 있다는 것을 의미한다. 인체에 노출 될 수 있는 힘의 레벨에 제한이 있기 때문에, 안테나 등의 RF 시스템의 구성 요소는 이러한 제한을 충족하도록 설계 되어야한다. 직접 전력 전송에 영향을 미치는 안테나 이득, 안전 지침 내에 전력 레벨을 보장하는 중요한 매개 변수이고 설계에 가장 중요하다. WBAN 안테나 및 장치와 인체 사이의 전자기 상호 작용은 또한 탐색 할 것이다. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) have been made possible by the emergence of small and lightweight wireless systems such as Bluetooth, enabled devices and PDAs. Antennas are an essential part of any WBAN system and due to various technical requirements and physical constraints, careful consideration of their design and deployment is needed. This paper is proposing on the design of wearable antenna as parts of clothing to serve communications functions, such as tracking and navigation in health care applications. The substrates of the wearable antennas will be made from textile materials and since it is wearable, it should have a small size, be light weight, low maintenance, and unobtrusive. This proposed paper will also investigate the influence of different parameters for wearable antenna including types of textile/substrate to ensure that the antenna design satisfies WBAN requirements. The characteristics and behavior of the antenna need to adhere to specifications set by wireless standards and system technology requirements. This means that the transmitting and receiving frequency bands of the various units need to be chosen accordingly. Since there are restrictions on the level of power to which the human body can be exposed to, the antenna as well as other RF system components must be designed to meet these restrictions. Antenna gain, which directly affects power transmitted, is a critical parameter in ensuring power levels fall within the safety guidelines and so will be of primary importance in the design. The electromagnetic interaction between WBAN antennas and devices and the human body will also be explored.

The Qualitative Analysis of Single Shot Fast Spin Echo (SSFSE) and Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP) on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography

Cheol-Soo Park,Jae-Hwan Cho,Hae-Kag Lee,Kyung-Rae Dong,Woon-Kwan Chung,Jong-Min Seok,Man-Seok Han,Sun-Yeob Lee,Eun-Hoe Goo,Eng-Chan Kim 한국자기학회 2012 Journal of Magnetics Vol.17 No.2

3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images reconstructed using the maximum intensity projection technique were analyzed qualitatively in patients diagnosed with pancreatobiliary diseases to determine their diagnostic utility. Single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE), fast spin echo (FSE) and 3-dimensional reconstructive images were acquired from 20 patients diagnosed histologically with pancreatobiliary diseases using a 3.0T MR scanner. According to qualitative analysis, the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images of the hepatic duct, gall bladder and common bile duct had a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than the single shot fast spin echo images. Fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images did not show any differences. The contrast to noise ratio of the hepatic duct, gallbladder and common bile duct on the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images was higher than that of the single shot fast spin echo images. The fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images showed similar quality.

Analysis of Images According to the Fluid Velocity in Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Contrast Enhancement Angiography

Eng-Chan Kim,Yeong-Cheol Heo,Jae-Hwan Cho,Hyun-Jeong Lee,Hae-Kag Lee 한국자기학회 2014 Journal of Magnetics Vol.19 No.2

In this study we evaluated that flow rate changes affect the (time of flight) TOF image and contrast-enhanced (CE) in a three-dimensional TOF angiography. We used a 3.0T MR System, a nonpulsatile flow rate model. Saline was used as a fluid injected at a flow rate of 11.4 cm/sec by auto injector. The fluid signal strength, phantom body signal strength and background signal strength were measured at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25-th cross-section in the experienced images and then they were used to determine signal-to-noise ratio and contrastto- noise ratio. The inlet, middle and outlet length were measured using coronal images obtained through the maximum intensity projection method. As a result, the length of inner cavity was 2.66 mm with no difference among the inlet, middle and outlet length. We also could know that the magnification rate is 49-55.6% in inlet part, 49-59% in middle part and 49-59% in outlet part, and so the image is generally larger than in the actual measurement. Signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio were negatively correlated with the fluid velocity and so we could see that signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio are reduced by faster fluid velocity. Signal-to-noise ratio was 42.2-52.5 in 5-25th section and contrast-to-noise ratio was from 34.0-46.1 also not different, but there was a difference in the 1st section. The smallest 3D TOF MRA measure was 2.51 ± 0.12 mm with a flow velocity of 40 cm/s. Consequently, 3D TOF MRA tests show that the faster fluid velocity decreases the signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio, and basically it can be determined that 3D TOF MRA and 3D CE MRA are displayed larger than in the actual measurement.

Thermal Comfort and Sleep under Different Room Temperature

Lee, Young Suk,Enge, Peter 한국의류학회 1991 한국의류학회지 Vol.15 No.4

본 연구에서는, 수면환경의 열적 쾌적도의 측정방법으로서 생리적 반응 뿐만 아닌 국소자극의 반응 에 대한 평가법 (Allesthesial Response)에 의한 가능성을 제시하고자 하였다. 피험자는 19세에서 22세의 건강한 독일 여자 대학생 5명이며, 실험은 12월과 1월 독일의 KASSEL 에 있는 Marburg 대학 연구소의 인공기후실에서 이루어졌다. 사용의복은 면 100%의 잠옷이며, 침구는 메트리스와 Wool 담요(두께 180㎜)를 사용하였다. 국소자극 반응의 온도는 20.0℃, 22.5℃, 25.0℃, 275℃, 30.0℃, 32.5℃의 set가 사용되었으며, 온도자극은 Peltier Thermode Type PKE 36 HO2-1 (독일, Peltron社)로서, 은도의 도달정밀 도는 60내지 90초 동안에 각 자극 온도의 변화조절이 가능하였다. 수면환경 온도는 15℃, 18℃, 21℃, 24℃, 27℃의 다섯 환경으로 조절하였으며. 습도는 RH 45%였다. 수면환경 18℃에서 24℃까지에서는. 수면전, 수면후 모두, 피험자는 약간의 Hypothermia의 경향 을 보였지만 Neutral Situation과 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 수면전과 수면후의 체온조절 반응의 차이가 Allesthesial Response와 국소의 쾌적한 온도 선택의 두 실험결과 모두에서 현저히 나타났다. 생리적 반응의 결과에서도 18℃에서 21℃까지의 수면환경이 가장 괘적하게 나타났다. 또한, 실험결과에서 행동적 온도 조절 반응이 생리적 반응에 앞서 보다 민감하게 이루어짐을 볼 수 있었다.

Wireless capsule endoscopy Locomotion

Wang, Zhao,Lim, Eng Gee,Leach, Mark,Xia, Tianqi,Lee, Sanghyuk Convergence Society for SMB 2014 융합정보논문지 Vol.4 No.1

무선 캡슐 내시경 (WCE)은 세기 초에 개발 될 수 있는 가장 영향력 있는 바이오 의료 전자 기술 중 하나였다. 기존의 내시경 진단과 비교하여,이 응용 프로그램은 이에 훨씬 더 사용자 친화적인 방식으로 전체 위장관 (GI) 트랙을 검사하기 위한 새로운 대안을 가진 외과 의사를 제공하는 비 침습 및 저 위험이 특징이다. 그 이외에도 일반 하드웨어 업그레이드에서 WCE 연구의 국경은 기본적으로 캡슐의 소형화 및 활성화 운동에 있다. 운동은 일반적으로 자연적인 연동 운동의 함수이다 현재 상용화 WCE 제품의 본질적인 결점을 극복하기 위해, 활성 운동력 효과적으로 다른 장기에 장치를 탐색 대상으로 인간 내 치료 기능을 수행하기 위해 사용되는 전략의 시리즈로서 제안 조직과 연구의 측면에 대한 몇 가지 새로운 디자인의 리뷰는 이 문서에서 논의 될 것이다. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) was one of the most influential bio-medical electronic technologies to be developed at the beginning of the century. In comparison to traditional endoscopic diagnosis, this application is characterized as non-invasive and low-risk, thereby providing surgeons with a new alternative for inspecting the entire gastrointestinal (GI) track in a much more user friendly way. Apart from regular hardware upgrades, the frontier of WCE research basically lies in the miniaturization of the capsule and in active locomotion. In order to overcome the intrinsic drawback of current commercialized WCE products, which is that locomotion is generally a function of natural peristalsis, active locomotion is proposed as a series of strategies used to effectively navigate the device into different organs and conduct therapeutic functions within targeted human tissues. Reviews of several novel designs with respect to this aspect of research will be discussed in this article.

The Utility Evaluation of Reconstructed 3-D Images by Maximum Intensity Projection in Magnetic Resonance Mammography and Cholangiopancreatography

Jae-Hwan Cho,Hae-Kag Lee,Cheol-Soo Park,Ham-Gyum Kim,Jong-Geun Baek,Eng-Chan Kim 한국자기학회 2014 Journal of Magnetics Vol.19 No.4

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of 3-D images by comparing and analyzing reconstructed 3-D images from fast spin echo images of MRI cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images using maximum intensity projection (MIP) with the subtraction images derived from dynamic tests of magnetic resonance mammography. The study targeted 20 patients histologically diagnosed with pancreaticobiliary duct disease and 20 patients showing pancreaticobiliary duct diseases, where dynamic breast MR (magnetic resonance) images, fast spin echo imaged of pancreaticobiliary duct, and 3-D reconstitution images using a 1.5T MR scanner and 3.0T MR scanner were taken. As a result of the study, the signal-to-noise ratio in the subtracted breast image before and after administering the contrast agent and in the reconstructed 3-D breast image showed a high ratio in the reconstructed image of lesional tissue, relevant tissue, and fat tissue. However, no statistically meaningful differences were found in the contrast-to-noise ratio of the two images. In the case of the MRCP image, no differences were found in the ratios of the fast spin echo image and reconstructed 3-D image.

스텝이송을 이용한 미세구멍가공

한진욱,이응숙,정윤교 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 1995 産技硏論文集 Vol.9 No.-

Micro drilling is one of the most important machining types and its importance becomes more and more increased in the whole field of industry. Micro drilling, however, has few the case of practical application, because it requests high techniques; manufacturing micro drill, treating, chip, producing precise hole shape and progressing machining efficiency. Micro drilling has a technical problem; drill breakage from drill breakage from the lack of drill stiffness and the interruption of chip. It is, therefore, essential to select of proper cutting conditions and of step fed for the method solving the lack of stiffness and the interruption of chip. Especially, study on step feed is requested more than the present. The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally about cutting conditions which affect on tool life and round errors and to estimate about the efficiency of step feed.