The English Dative Verbs vs. the Korean Dative Serial Verb Constructions

Lee DooWon 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.3

The so-called serial verb constructions (SVCs) permit Case-alternation, causing the goal to bear possession. For example, while the verb sa ‘buy’ in Korean is a simple transitive verb, the verb buy in English is a ditransitive verb, causing the goal to bear possession; hence, the genuine counterpart of buy is not sa, but sa-cwu ‘buy-give’. This helps us to cultivate the idea that the Korean counterparts of the English ditransitive verbs are the SVCs such as sa-cwu ‘buy-give’. This paper is based on Lee’s (2007b) argument the Korean counterpart of the English ditransitive verb give is the verb cwu base-generated on v in Chomsky’s (1995, 1999) vP-structure (cf. Harley 2002, Jung and Miyagawa 2004). The contribution of the v head is the change-of-state predicate CAUSE (Harley 2002), which induces the goal to bear possession; hence, the verb cwu is a causative verb. This is in accordance with the real generalization that only causative verbs in Korean allow the accusative/dative alternation (Jung and Miyagawa 2004). The transitive verb on V undergoes verbal suffixation to the causative verb cwu on v; hence, a dative (causative) SVC.

High sensitivity of isopropyl alcohol gas sensor based on memristor device operated at room temperature

Lee Doowon,Bae Dongjoo,Chae Myoungsu,Kim Hee-Dong 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.11

In this paper, we present the high sensitivity of an isopropyl alcohol gas sensor, which is based on a memristor device that is operated at room temperature. We proposed the SnO2-based memristor to detect isopropyl alcohol and demonstrated the change in the current of the SnO2-based memristor that is monitored in real time depending on concentration of the isopropyl alcohol gas at room temperature. As a result, the current of the SnO2-based memristor is drastically decreased as we introduced isopropyl alcohol into the memristor based gas sensor. A change in current, which depends on the concentration of the isopropyl alcohol gas, was evaluated as the sensitivity and the sensitivity was 2.02 for 30 ppm isopropyl alcohol gas. In addition, in the proposed SnO2-based memristor, we observed an immediate response of<4 s when exposed to isopropyl alcohol as well as an immediate recovery of<6 s when fowing of the injected gas was stopped.

Causal Relation between Sino-Korea FDI and Exports

Doowon Lee,Hyeon-Seung Huh,Seonghoon Cho 한국경제연구학회 2007 Korea and the World Economy Vol.8 No.2

The two ways to penetrate a foreign market are exports and FDI (Foreign Direct Investment). Both channels are important for Korean firms to sell products in the Chinese market. There is increasing concern in Korea that FDI into China is substituting Korean exports to China causing the fear of the ‘hollowing-out’ of Korean export industries. It is also claimed that Korean FDI into China would eventually induce more exports from Korea to China. The first objective of this paper is to examine which hypothesis is true using quarterly data of Korea-China FDI and exports from 1992 to 2005. To find causal relationship between FDI and export, Granger causality tests using a modified Wald test are carried out. Empirical study based on manufacturing industry data concludes that exports have influenced FDI from Korea to China during the given period. Secondly, the authors have decomposed the manufacturing industry into labor-intensive and capital intensive industries. According to existing literature on the rivalry between export and FDI in penetrating a foreign market it is possible to set up a hypothesis that the labor-intensive industry (which does not require large initial fixed investment cost) would carry out FDI more easily in the early stage of penetration than capital-intensive industry. On the other hand, capital-intensive industry would be more reluctant to make an early commitment of a large scale FDI. Capital-intensive industry would export products first; only after they gain confidence and experience to carry out FDI later. The authors examine these hypotheses, and conclude that the empirical study support the hypotheses. The result of this paper implies that the causal relation between FDI and export has to be examined industry by industry, and the fear of ‘hollowing-out’ varies across industries.

Subject Raising vs. Non-Subject Raising

Lee DooWon 한국중앙영어영문학회 2009 영어영문학연구 Vol.51 No.2

As far as the complement episodic predicate is concerned, there is a preference for the complement unaccusative predicate to be more salient than the unergative and transitive predicate, when the genuine subject undergoes RTO: that is, only the unaccusative and habitual unergative or transitive predicates are allowed in the embedded clause of the typical RTO construction. However such a restriction on genuine subject raising disappears in the case of non-subject raising. At this point, what is crucial is that the element in question, whether it is a genuine subject or non-subject, undergoes raising to the non-theta position of the upstairs clause, when RTO takes place. It has been newly shown that the complement indirect and direct objects can undergo RTO more freely than the complement genuine subjects. We have concluded that the peculiarities of non-subject raising are as follows. First, like the genuine subjects, the non-subjects such as initial DP on the possession-type MNC, adverbials, and indirect and direct objects can undergo raising from the complement sentence-medial position to the upstairs clause. Second, there doesn’t always arise Case alternation from nominative to accusative, when a non-subject undergoes RTO. Third, unlike the genuine subject raising, the non-subject raising is allowed even in the episodic predicate of the complement, when RTO takes place.

Collectivity vs. Distributivity of Kes

Lee DooWon 한국중앙영어영문학회 2011 영어영문학연구 Vol.53 No.4

If kes in the head position of NP has no argument status in its preceding clause, then it undertakes a certain functional role, whereas kes in the head position of NP is a referential head if it is related to a variable or precedent in its preceding clause. In this paper, kes in the HiRC construction is an anaphor, which cannot be distributive. The bare noun like haksayng, which is generic, bears a collective reading, which cannot license the distributivity of its following tul-marked anaphor caki; hence, bare nouns cannot serve as an antecedent of a distributive floating quantifier. This is complementary in that the third person singular can occur with its c-commanding anaphor bearing overlapping reference. The anaphor kes in the sentence is collective, which is what bare nouns show. On the other hand, the distributivity of the tul-marked kes in the HeRC can be reconstructed to the original site in order for the distributor kakkak or a tul-marked adverbial to be licensed. The noun kes can also have a distributive meaning, when the plural marker tul is attached to it. While the reflexive anaphor should be c-commanded by its antecedent, the donkey anaphor is not c-commanded. In this vein, kes in the HiRC and the donkey anaphor have a property in common. However, the two anaphors are different in the sense that while the former bears an exclusive collectivity, the latter can bear a distributivity.

Processing Account for Missing Arguments

Lee DooWon 한국중앙영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학연구 Vol.54 No.4

In the sentence showing garden path effects, the parser experiences reprocessing or backtracking. In any domain where performance is fluent it will be necessary to invoke a “principle of least commitment”, which is a principle that stops one from doing things you’ll later regret and so have to undo (Marr 1982). It is still possible that we apply a missing argument process once or twice in the target clause, though it is costly to retrack to search for its filler. However, the former is preferred to the latter, which is accordance with the fact that the former processing load is lower than the latter one. However, when the processing load is too heavy, the sentence is semantically incongruous. The backtracking limitation arises when the processing load for handling a sentence with a long-distance dependency gets too heavy. The difficulty in parsing this kind of sentence is related to memory constraints. When we apply missing argument process more than twice in the target clause, the sentence make no sense semantically since performance limitations prevent creation of such a tricky structure, though we have the competence to create such structures.

Inter-Korean Economic Relation: Rivaled Past, Unbalanced Present, and Integrated Future

Lee,Doowon 延世大學校經濟硏究所 1995 延世經濟硏究 Vol.2 No.1

South Korea and North Korea have competed vigorously against each other in almost every field since the establishments of both governments in 1948. This paper reviews the past economic rivalry between the two governments, a rivalry which the North dominated in the 1950s and 60s until the South gradually took the lead which it still holds. Throughout the 1980s, South Korea has experienced miraculous economic success while North Korea has suffered from the inefficiencies of a centrally planned economy along with the problems caused by an unbalanced development strategy. Currently, it is clear that the successful South Korean economy not merely has surpassed the troubled North Korean economy, but also is in a dominant position in almost every other aspect. Based on the assumption that the current nuclear issue is resolved peacefully, this paper discusses some prospects for the future inter-Korean economic cooperation.

Assessing North Korean Economic Reform : Historical Trajectory, Opportunities, and Constraints

Lee, Doowon the Center for International Studies, Inha Univers 1993 Pacific Focus Vol.8 No.2

Flying Geese in Asia : A Comparative Study of East Asian Economic Development Models

Lee, Doowon 연세대학교 경제연구소 1999 延世經濟硏究 Vol.6 No.2

The Asian economic development, especially those of East Asian countries, have long been praised and sometimes criticized by many economists. Generally, the Asian economies are deemed to be different from the Anglo-saxon economies in several aspects such as rapid growth rates, government intervention, managed trade, and market structure. Also, countries in East Asia are regard to achieve rapid economic growths by following a path that was taken by their precedents as it geese are flying in a certain order. First of all, this paper tries to find out determinent factors of long-run economic growth, using cross-country data of 77 countries. The result of this regression coincides with the hypotheses with strong statistical significance. Finding key factors that affect long-run econonic growth rate, selected East Asian economies are compared to the world average in terms of these key factors. From this comparison, it was found that Asian economies had achieved rapid economic growth rates through high investment and export growth with relatively stable inflation and smaller government sizes. In particular, the educational achievement level of these selected Asian economies was higher than that of the world average. Secondly, it will try to calculate the time lag between the development levels of East Asian economies. In terms of real income, it is found that there still exists substantial time gap between economies. However, in terms of export structure, the time gap between economies is not that great.

English Counterparts of Causative Verb Cwu and Benefactive Suffix Verb (a/e) Cwu Constructions

Lee DooWon 한국중앙영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.57 No.2

Accomplishment events typically show that a structure expresses movement away from or toward an endpoint state and induces change of location/state). This is what the causative cwu- and benefactive suffix (a/e) cwu-constructions in Korean show. The causative verb cwu is a causative signature compatible with accomplishments, which is the reason why the causative verb cwu cannot be translated into give in English. Some tests are further taken to identify whether the verb cwu is a dative verb cwu or a causative verb cwu, by examining their implicational semantic properties. The benefactive suffix (a/e) cwu is base-generated on v when it forms a serial verb, attaching to the dative verb. There necessarily arises a relation of ownership between the goal and the theme, which is triggered by the benefactive feature of (a/e) cwu on v, which induces change of ownership. This induces the gradable adverb cemcem ‘gradually’ to be compatible with the benefactive suffix (a/e) cwu sentences. The benefactive possessor should be [+animate] and the [ACC-ACC] order displays an animacy constraint. This is the reason why the benefactive suffix (a/e) cwu constructions should be translated into English double object constructions.