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Anisotropic high-field terahertz response of free-standing carbon nanotubes
Lee, Byounghwak,Mousavian, Ali,Paul, Michael J.,Thompson, Zachary J.,Stickel, Andrew D.,McCuen, Dalton R.,Jang, Eui Yun,Kim, Yong Hyup,Kyoung, Jisoo,Kim, Dai-Sik,Lee, Yun-Shik American Institute of Physics 2016 Applied Physics Letters Vol.108 No.24
Lee, Andrew J.,Jung, Inkyung Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.1
Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits remains a challenge. In an effort to enhance our understanding of common germline variants associated with lung cancer, we categorize regulatory elements based on eight major cell types of human lung tissue. Our results show that 21.68% of lung cancer-associated risk variants are linked to noncoding regulatory elements, nearly half of which are cell type-specific. Integrative analysis of high-resolution long-range chromatin interactome maps and single-cell RNA-sequencing data of lung tumors uncovers number of putative target genes of these variants and functionally relevant cell types, which display a potential biological link to cancer susceptibility. The present study greatly expands the scope of functional annotation of lung cancer-associated genetic risk factors and dictates probable cell types involved in lung carcinogenesis.
Management of Clinical T1N0M0 Esophageal Cancer
( Andrew J. Yang ),( Seo Hee Choi ),( Hwa Kyung Byun ),( Hyun Ju Kim ),( Jinhyun Choi ),( Yong Chan Lee ),( Sang Kil Lee ),( Kyung Ran Park ),( Chang Geol Lee ) 대한간학회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.3
Background/Aims: Endoscopic resection is a standard treatment for stage T1a esophageal cancer, with esophagectomy or radical radiation therapy (RT) performed for stage T1b lesions. This study aimed to compare treatment outcomes of each modality for clinical stage T1 esophageal cancer. Methods: In total, 179 patients with clinical T1N0M0-stage esophageal cancer treated from 2006 to 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty-two patients with clinical T1a-stage cancer underwent endoscopic resection. Among 117 patients with clinical T1b-stage cancer, 82 underwent esophagectomy, and 35 received chemoradiotherapy or RT. We compared overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates for each treatment modality. Results: The median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 1 to 120 months). The 5-year OS and RFS rates for patients with stage T1a cancer receiving endoscopic resection were 100% and 85%, respectively. For patients with stage T1b, the 5-year OS and RFS rates were 78% and 77%, respectively, for the esophagectomy group; 80% and 44%, respectively, for the RT alone group; and 96% and 80%, respectively, for the chemoradiation group. The esophagectomy group showed significantly higher RFS than the RT alone group (p=0.04). There was no significant difference in RFS between the esophagectomy and chemoradiation groups (p=0.922). Grade 4 or higher treatment-related complications occurred in four patients who underwent esophagectomy. Conclusions: Endoscopic resection appeared to be an adequate treatment for patients with T1a-stage esophageal cancer. The multidisciplinary approach involving chemoradiation was comparable to esophagectomy in terms of survival outcome without serious complications for T1b-stage esophageal cancer. (Gut Liver 2019;13:315-324)
Evolution of Process and Outcome Measures during an Enhanced Recovery after Thoracic Surgery Program
Alex Lee,Nazgol Seyednejad,Yaseen Al Lawati,Amanda Mattice,Caitlin Anstee,Mark Legacy,Sebastien Gilbert,Donna E. Maziak,Ramanadhan S. Sundaresan,Patrick J. Villeneuve,Calvin Thompson,Andrew J. E. Seel 대한심장혈관흉부외과학회 2022 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.55 No.2
Background: A time course analysis was undertaken to evaluate how perioperative process- of-care and outcome measures evolved after implementation of an enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery (ERATS) program. Methods: Outcome and process-of-care measures were compared between patients undergoing major elective thoracic surgery during a 9-month pre-ERATS implementation period to those at 1–3, 4–6, and 7–9 months post-ERATS implementation. Outcome measures included length of stay, the 30-day readmission rate, 30-day emergency department visits, and minor and major adverse events. Process measures included first time to activity, out-of-bed, ambulation, fluid diet, diet as tolerated, as well as removal of the first and last chest tube, epidural, patient-controlled analgesia, and Foley and intravenous catheters. Results: In total, 704 patients (352 pre-ERATS, 352 post-ERATS) were included. Mobilization- related process measures, including time to first activity (16.5 vs. 6.8 hours, p<0.001), out-of-bed (17.6 vs. 8.9 hours, p<0.001), and ambulation (32.4 vs. 25.4 hours, p=0.04) saw statistically significant improvements by 1–3 months post-ERATS implementation compared to pre-ERATS. Time to Foley removal improved by 4–6 months post-ERATS (19.5 vs. 18.2 hours, p=0.003). Outcome measures, including the 30-day readmission rate and emergency department visits, steadily decreased post-ERATS. By 7–9 months post-ERATS, both minor (18.2% vs. 7.9%, p=0.009) and major (13.6% vs. 4.4%, p=0.007) adverse events demonstrated statistically significant improvements. Length of stay trended towards improvement from 6.2 days pre-ERATS to 4.8 days by 7–9 months post-ERATS (p=0.06). Conclusion: The adoption of ERATS led to improvements in multiple process-of-care measures, which may collectively and gradually achieve optimization of clinical outcomes.
Thompson, Zachary J.,Stickel, Andrew,Jeong, Young-Gyun,Han, Sanghoon,Son, Byung Hee,Paul, Michael J.,Lee, Byounghwak,Mousavian, Ali,Seo, Giwan,Kim, Hyun-Tak,Lee, Yun-Shik,Kim, Dai-Sik American Chemical Society 2015 NANO LETTERS Vol.15 No.9
<P>We demonstrate that high-field terahertz (THz) pulses trigger transient insulator-to-metal transition in a nanoantenna patterned vanadium dioxide thin film. THz transmission of vanadium dioxide instantaneously decreases in the presence of strong THz fields. The transient THz absorption indicates that strong THz fields induce electronic insulator-to-metal transition without causing a structural transformation. The transient phase transition is activated on the subcycle time scale during which the THz pulse drives the electron distribution of vanadium dioxide far from equilibrium and disturb the electron correlation. The strong THz fields lower the activation energy in the insulating phase. The THz-triggered insulator-to-metal transition gives rise to hysteresis loop narrowing, while lowering the transition temperature both for heating and cooling sequences. THz nanoantennas enhance the field-induced phase transition by intensifying the field strength and improve the detection sensitivity via antenna resonance. The experimental results demonstrate a potential that plasmonic nanostructures incorporating vanadium dioxide can be the basis for ultrafast, energy-efficient electronic and photonic devices.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-9/acs.nanolett.5b01970/production/images/medium/nl-2015-01970q_0007.gif'></P>
THE BRIGHTEST YOUNG STAR CLUSTERS IN NGC 5253
Calzetti, D.,Johnson, K. E.,Adamo, A.,Gallagher III, J. S.,Andrews, J. E.,Smith, L. J.,Clayton, G. C.,Lee, J. C.,Sabbi, E.,Ubeda, L.,Kim, H.,Ryon, J. E.,Thilker, D.,Bright, S. N.,Zackrisson, E.,Kennic IOP Publishing 2015 The Astrophysical journal Vol.811 No.2
<P>The nearby dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 5253 hosts a number of young, massive star clusters, the two youngest of which are centrally concentrated and surrounded by thermal radio emission (the 'radio nebula'). To investigate the role of these clusters in the starburst energetics, we combine new and archival Hubble Space Telescope images of NGC 5253 with wavelength coverage from 1500 angstrom 1.9 mu m in 13 filters. These include H alpha, P beta, and P alpha, and the imaging from the Hubble Treasury Program LEGUS (Legacy Extragalactic UV Survey). The extraordinarily well-sampled spectral energy distributions enable modeling with unprecedented accuracy the ages, masses, and extinctions of the nine optically brightest clusters (M-V < -8.8) and the two young radio nebula clusters. The clusters have ages similar to 1-15 Myr and masses similar to 1 x 10(4)-2.5 x 10(5) M-circle dot. The clusters' spatial location and ages indicate that star formation has become more concentrated toward the radio nebula over the last similar to 15 Myr. The most massive cluster is in the radio nebula; with a mass similar to 2.5 x 10(5) M-circle dot and an age similar to 1 Myr, it is 2-4 times less massive and younger than previously estimated. It is within a dust cloud with AV similar to 50 mag, and shows a clear near-IR excess, likely from hot dust. The second radio nebula cluster is also similar to 1 Myr old, confirming the extreme youth of the starburst region. These two clusters account for about half of the ionizing photon rate in the radio nebula, and will eventually supply about 2/3 of the mechanical energy in present-day shocks. Additional sources are required to supply the remaining ionizing radiation, and may include very massive stars.</P>