二十四史의 名稱에 對한 試解

楊聯陞 충남대학교 사학회 1987 忠南史學 Vol.2 No.-

Alterations in Lipid Metabolism between the Growing and the Laying Periods of White Leghorn Layers

Lien, Tu-Fa,Lu, Jin-Jenn,Jan, Der-Fang Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.10

This study compared the lipid metabolism of white Leghorn layers between the growing and the laying periods. The study was conducted on thirty layers in the growing period (14 weeks old) and in the initial laying period (36 weeks old; 14 weeks from the onset of laying). Results indicated that all plasma lipid traits were significantly different (p<0.05) between the two periods. The estrogen concentration in the laying period was about 3 fold that in the growing period. Triacylglycerol (TG) concentration in the laying period was about 12 fold that in the growing period. The phospholipids, cholesterol, glycerol and non esterified fatty acid (NEFA) in the laying period were also higher than those in the growing period (p<0.05). Lipogenic enzyme activities in the laying period were higher than in the growing period (p<0.05). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) was the largest lipoprotein portion in growing layers. In laying hens, the major lipoprotein portion was very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). It was also shown that protein is the primary component of HDL and TG is the largest portion of VLDL in both periods. In laying hens, VLDL contained more TG than that in growing layers (p<0.05). The VLDL particle size in laying hens was larger than that in growing layers (p<0.05). This study indicates that the lipid metabolism traits of a layer in the laying period were different from those in the growing period. The lipogenesis related traits in the laying period were markedly greater than in the growing period.

The Effect on the Lipid Metabolism of Tsaiya Ducks When High Levels of Choline or Methionine are Added to the Ducks' Diet

Lien, T.F.,Jan, D.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.7

In order to minimize the occurrence of fatty liver, this study investigated how adding a high level of dietary choline or methionine affected the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks. Feeding trials were conducted with sixty Tsaiya ducks during their growing period, when they were 8-12 weeks old, and during their laying period, 10-14 weeks after the onset of laying when they were 26-30 weeks old. The ducks were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group (basal diet), a group in which methionine was added to the basal diet, and a group in which choline was added to the basal diet. The levels of methionine and choline added were twice as high as the levels recommended by the NRC for layer-type chickens. Experimental results indicated that adding choline to the basal diet of growing ducks significantly (p<0.05) increased their body weight, while adding methionine significantly (p<0.05)reduced their body weight. Adding either choline or methionine reduced the ducks' liver fat content in both the growing and the laying periods (p<0.05). Ducks receiving added methionine or choline in their diets displayed enhanced egg production (p<0.05). Adding choline increased serum triacylglycerol (TG) in the laying period (p<0.05). Adding either choline or methionine did not significantly (p>0.05) affect the t-globulin level. Adding methionine increased the activity of liver malic dehydrogenase in both the growing and the laying periods, and increased fatty acid synthetase in the laying period (p<0.05). While adding choline markedly (p>0.05) increased VLDL and apo B in both the growing and the laying periods, it decreased HDL and apo A in the laying period (p<0.05). This study found that adding a high level of choline to the basal diets of Tsaiya ducks in both the growing and the laying periods had beneficial effects. Furthermore, adding methionine affected the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks to a lesser extent than adding choline.

Resource-Optimal Licensed-Assisted Access in Heterogeneous Cloud Radio Access Networks With Heterogeneous Carrier Communications

Lien, Shao-Yu,Cheng, Shin-Ming,Chen, Kwang-Cheng,Kim, Dong In IEEE 2016 IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology VT Vol.65 No.12

<P>To support a tremendous amount of traffic demands via wireless access in 2020 and beyond, limited bandwidth of the licensed bands has been a major obstacle to boosting further the capacity of wireless services. To fundamentally break through this predicament, an emerging technology known as heterogeneous carrier communications has been launched into standardization in the form of licensed-assisted access (LAA) to the unlicensed bands. Integrating the heterogeneous cloud radio access networks and carrier aggregation, and although LAA-empowered cellular networks gain wider bandwidth from the unlicensed bands, communications may suffer from intersystem interference. To avoid interference, listen-before-talk has been designated as a mandatory function; however, it leads to significant challenges of the hidden-terminal problem. To address this open issue in LAA, in this paper, we consequently propose a resource-optimal scheme using a minimum amount of replicated radio resources to achieve the most essential latency guarantees for real-time applications. To further support non-real-time applications, a new resource control as well as the mathematical architecture inspired by so-called political communications is proposed to furthermaximize the throughput of packet delivery. Our scheme not only optimizes resource utilization in time and spatial domains but also suggests optimum energy efficiency and computation efficiency, to successfully deploy cellular networks on the unlicensed bands.</P>

Configurable 3GPP Licensed Assisted Access to Unlicensed Spectrum

Lien, Shao-Yu,Chien, Chun-Che,Tsai, Hua-Lung,Liang, Ying-Chang,Kim, Dong In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2016 IEEE wireless communications Vol.23 No.6

<P>An emerging issue in the development of next generation mobile networks originates in the shortage of available licensed spectrum. This increasing demand for a large amount of bandwidth has recently driven the development of new technologies to utilize unlicensed spectrum. In 2015, 3GPP launched the standardization activity to deploy LTE-A networks on the 5 GHz unlicensed bands using licensed assisted access. To fully understand this crucial technology, in this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the standardization of licensed assisted access, and raise specific open issues. Configurable radio operations to eliminate the transmission inefficiency and radio access inefficiency in licensed assisted access and a game-theoretic pricing strategy on the licensed and unlicensed bands are further proposed. The provided insights consequently strengthen knowledge of the practice of licensed assisted access.</P>

The Lipogenic Capacity of Hepatocytes and Lipolytic Rate of Adipocytes in Tsaiya Ducks during Growing and Laying Periods

Lien, T.F.,Jan, D.F. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.8

With an attempt to elucidating the lipid metabolism of Tsaiya ducks, thirty ducks at growing (8 weeks of age) and laying periods (10 weeks after the onset of laying) were examined, respectively. The ducks were randomly allocated into ad libitum feeding and 3-day fasting groups, to investigate their in vitro hepatocytes lipogenesis capacity and adipocytes lipolysis rate. Results indicate that (1) the capacity of hepatocytes incorporation of glucose and acetate into total lipid and metabolite of $^{14}CO_2$ production during the laying period was greater than during the growing period. Approximately 50% of the glucose or acetate converted into triacylglycerol (TG) by the hepatocytes were recovered as fatty acid during the growing period, while it was 65-70% during the laying period. (2) Acetate used for lipogenesis ability was superior to glucose in both periods. (3) The adipocytes lipolysis rate was increased significantly (p<0.05) by fasting. In contrast, the capacity of incorporated glucose or acetate into total lipid, triacylglycerol, fatty acid and glycerol by hepatocytes was reduced significantly (p<0.05) by fasting.

The Effect of Trade Openness on Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam

LIEN, Nguyen Thi Kim Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of trade openness on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows into Vietnam, an emerging country with relatively high trade openness in recent years. The study used the vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine the impact of trade openness on FDI in Vietnam, in the period from 2005 to 2019. The research data are time-series data, with quarterly frequency, from 2005:Q4 to 2019:Q3. The FDI data were collected by International Financial Statistics. The data of trade openness were calculated based on Vietnam's export, import, and GDP data collected by the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. The estimated result shows that the trade openness has a positive effect on FDI. The current FDI is heavily influenced by FDI in the past with an average explanation of 74%. The main findings indicate that trade openness has a positive effect on FDI inflows into Vietnam. The findings also show that FDI in Vietnam is significantly affected by the shocks of the FDI itself in the past. The findings of the study suggest the Vietnamese Government improves the quality of trade openness and FDI, continues and maintains economic relations with other countries to increase trade openness.

Induction and Purification of a Thermophilic Chitinase Produced by Aeromonas sp. DYU-Too7 Using Glucosamine

Lien, T.S.,Yu, S.T.,Wu, S.T.,Too, J.R. Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineerin 2007 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.12 No.6

In the presence of chitin, Aeromonas sp. DYU-Too7 can produce extra-cellular, chitin-degrading enzymes. Chitin analogues and other carbon sources can be used to cultivate this bacterial strain. The chitinases produced by the strain were higher in the GIcN (glucosamine) medium than those in other media. The maximal chitinase activity occurred in the medium containing 0.1% GlcN. Cultivation of Aeromonas sp. DYU-Too7 in the GlcN medium sped up the chitinase production; however, the same result did not appear when it was cultivated in the (Chitin + GlcN) medium. This result may indicate that GlcN can be utilized by Aeromonas sp. DYU-Too7 as a carbon source and an inducer to produce chitinases. A chitinase with a molecular mass of 36 kDa was further purified and characterized to have an optimal reacting pH of 5.0 and an optimal reacting temperature of $50^{\circ}C$. This chitinase showed high stability in the proximity of $30^{\circ}C$ and also high stability in the proximity of pH 7.0. The hydrolysates of colloidal chitin, with the aid of the 36-kDa chitinase, were analyzed by an HPLC and found to be chitobiose.

Molecular phylogeny of the paper wasp subgenus Polistes (Polistella) Ashmead, 1904 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) from Vietnam

Lien T.P. Nguyen,Anh D. Nguyen,Trang T.P. Nguyen,Adrien Perrard,James M. Carpenter 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2

This study provides the first molecular phylogeny of the social wasp subgenus Polistella (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistes) from Vietnam. Fragments of the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees among 38 Polistes species plus two out-group species (Vespa soror du Buysson and Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius)). Our results support the existence of several species-groups, including two that are congruent with the previous stigma and Stenopolistes groups defined on the basis of morphology. Moreover, we recovered a clade including the stigma group and the two species P. humilis and P. variabilis that was sister to all other species of Polistella. However, the results also challenged the definition of other groups of Polistella based on morphological data, as well as the definition of two species: P. brunus and P. affinis. This first study calls for further analyses including morphological characters to clarify the taxonomy and the classification of the group.

Taxonomic Notes on the Genus Delta de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Vietnam

Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen 한국동물분류학회 2015 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.31 No.2

A taxonomic study of the genus Delta de Saussure, 1855 from Vietnam is presented. A total of four species are recorded: D. campaniforme campaniforme (Fabricius, 1775), D. conoideum (Gmelin, 1790), D. esuriens esuriens (Fabricius, 1787), and D. pyriforme pyriforme (Fabricius, 1775). Of these, D. campaniforme campaniforme was first recorded from Vietnam by de Saussure et al., 1904, under the name Eumenes esuriens and is now reconfirmed to occur in Vietnam after more than 100 years, and D. conoideum is newly recorded from Vietnam. A key to species based on morphological characters is given with illustrations, and distributional records in Vietnam are also provided.