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- 저자 : LARUE, BRUNO (검색결과 5 건)
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THE GRAVITY EQUATION , MARKET SIZE , AND BLACK MARKET EXCHANGE RATES
LARUE, BRUNO,MUTUNGA, JOSHUA 한국국제경제학회 1993 International Economic Journal Vol.7 No.2
In an attempt to test hypotheses about black market, exchange rates, market size, economic integration, and several other variables, gravity models were estimated to explain trade flows among less developed countries (LDCs), among developed countries (DCs), from LDCs to DCs, and from DCs to LDCs. It was shown that distortions attributable to black market exchange rates have a significantly negative effect on the value of trade and that differences in per capita income have an adverse effect on LDCs exports to DCs. Per capita income and population contribute unevenly in creating market size effects (i.e., productive and purchasing capacity) and the now-defunct East African Community had a significant effect on "LDCs to LDCs" trade. [F15]
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Regulation of floral organ abscission of Arabidopsis thaliana
Sung Ki Cho,David Chevalier,Clayton Larue,Tsung-Luo Jinn,Shuqun Zhang,John C. Walker 한국작물학회 2007 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11
Organ abscission is a programmed cell separation process that results in the detachment of an entire organ from a plant. Our goal is to understand the signaling pathway that regulates this physiological process. The receptor-like protein kinase, HAESA (HAE), and its paralog, HAESA-like 2 (HSL2), are both expressed in the floral abscission zones in Arabidopsis thaliana. Loss-of-function analyses of either gene do not show any phenotypical change, but the hae hsl2 double mutant shows an abscission-defect phenotype. Examination of the abscission zone by light and scanning electron microscopy showed that the abscission zone in the hae hsl2 appears structurally normal. The force required to remove the petals in wild type and hae hsl2 flowers was measured using a petal breakstrength meter. The force required to remove petals from the hae hsl2flowers at all stages of development was similar to that of wild type flowers that have not yet begun to abscise their petals. Taken together, these data support the role of HAE and HSL2 in the activation of cell separation, rather than differentiation of the abscission zone. Ethylene is also known to promote abscission; therefore we tested the ethylene-induced triple response and the effect of exogenous treatment on floral organ in the hae hsl2, revealing that HAE and HSL2 act independently of ethylene. This implies that the HAE is critical for floral abscission in concert with the action of HSL2.
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John F. Lechner,Li-Shu Wang,Claudio M. Rocha,Bethany Larue,Cassandra Henry,Colleen M. McIntyre,Kenneth M. Riedl,Steven J. Schwartz,Gary D. Stoner 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.3
This study was undertaken to determine if the oral consumption of red beetroot food color would result in an inhibition of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumors in the rat esophagus. Rats were treated with NMBA and given either regular water ad libitum or water containing 78μg/mL commercial red beetroot dye, E162. The number of NMBA-induced esophageal papillomas was reduced by 45% (P<.001) in animals that received the food color compared to controls. The treatment also resulted in reduced rates of cell proliferation in both precancerous esophageal lesions and in papillomas of NMBA-treated rats, as measured by immunohistochemical staining of Ki-67 in esophageal tissue specimens. The effects of beetroot food color on angiogenesis (microvessel density by CD34 immunostaining), inflammation (by CD45 immunostaining), and apoptosis (by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling staining) in esophageal tissue specimens were also determined. Compared to rats treated with NMBA only, the levels of angiogenesis and inflammation in the beetroot color-consuming animals were reduced, and the apoptotic rate was increased. Thus, the mechanism(s) of chemoprevention by the active constituents of red beetroot color include reducing cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and inflammation and stimulating apoptosis. Importantly, consumption of the dye in the drinking water for a period of 35 weeks did not appear to induce any overt toxicity. Based on the fact that red beetroot color contains betanins, which have strong antioxidant activity, it is postulated that these effects are mediated through inhibition of oxygen radical-induced signal transduction. However, the sum of constituents of E162 has not been determined, and other components with other mechanisms may also be involved in antagonizing cancer development.
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Lota Tamini,PASCAL GHAZALIAN,JEAN-PHILIPPE GERVAIS,BRUNO LARUE 한국국제경제학회 2012 International Economic Journal Vol.26 No.1
Developing Countries (DCs) have remained firm in the current WTO negotiations regarding their demand for significant agricultural trade liberalization. This stance has undoubtedly delayed the conclusion of the Doha Round and one might wonder whether DCs are not depriving themselves from valuable gains from trade by holding out. In line with the theory of second best, we show that too little liberalization could be immiserizing for DCs through numerical simulations of a three-country theoretical trade model of primary agricultural commodities and processed foods. Our model departs from most other models by accounting for vertical linkages and by linking welfare outcomes to parameterized supply-side rigidities at the farm level, which imply that primary goods cannot be substituted costlessly across export destinations, and imperfect substitution between processed foods. While in simpler models DCs can get larger welfare gains from multilateral tariff reductions than from domestic support reductions, our simulations show that this instrument ranking can be reversed. Under a wide range of parameter values, the DC would support a trade agreement only if the latter calls for ambitious tariff cuts. This outcome is consistent with the positions of DCs in the current round of multilateral negotiations over agriculture.
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