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Genetic Quality Control of the Rat Strains at the National Bio Resource Project-Rat
Kuramoto, Takashi,Nakanishi, Satoshi,Yamasaki, Ken-ichi,Kumafuji, Kenta,Sakakibara, Yuichi,Neoda, Yuki,Takizawa, Akiko,Kaneko, Takehito,Otsuki, Mito,Hashimoto, Ryoko,Voigt, Birger,Mashimo, Tomoji,Seri Korean Society for Bioinformatics 2010 Interdisciplinary Bio Central (IBC) Vol.2 No.4
The National Bio Resource Project-Rat (NBRP-Rat) comprises the largest bank of laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) strains in the world. Its main focus is to develop infrastructure that will facilitate the systematic collection, preservation, and provision of rat strains. To breed effectively more than 180 rat strains in living stock, we establish the genetic control system in which a systematic set of genetic diagnoses and genetic monitoring are included. Genetic monitoring is performed by using 20 polymorphic markers. Monitoring is carried out when a living animal stock is re-established by using cryopreserved embryos or sperm or when a rat strain is first introduced to the NBRP-Rat by a depositor. Additional monitoring is then carried out on each strain every two years. Genetic diagnosis is performed largely by employing the Amp-FTA method. Protocols which detail how to perform a genetic diagnosis of 11 transgenes and 24 mutations have been made. Among the mutations, nine can be detected by simple gel electrophoresis of the PCR products, 11 by restriction enzyme treatment of the PCR products, and four by direct PCR product sequencing. Using this genetic control system, the NBRP-Rat can guarantee the genetic quality of its rat strains.
External Noise Can Cause Complex Effective Dynamics in Pattern-Forming Systems
Yoshiki Kuramoto,Yoji Kawamura 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.1I
To demonstrate how nonlocally coupled oscillator systems can precisely be handled theoretically, we study a particular class of phenomena in which external noise generates complex effective dynamics in spatially uniform systems. The systems studied are large assemblies of oscillators with nonlocal coupling, and a theory is presented to explain this counter-intuitive behavior. Our theory is based on the phase reduction method, which is applied twice, i.e., firstly for eliminating all degrees of freedom other than phase and secondly for transforming a stochastic phase equation to an equation governing the order parameter phase. The validity of our theory is confirmed by a comparison with numerical simulations.m
Genetically Modified Rat and Its Application to Carcinogenesis study
Takashi Kuramoto 한국실험동물학회 2010 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.2
Rats have been widely used as an animal model in biomedical research. At present, to produce knockout rats, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis followed by screening for mutations within the targeted gene seems to be the most promising. We have recently produced a rat mutant archive consisting of cryopreserved sperms derived from ~5,000 ENU-mutagenized male rats and corresponding DNA samples (Mashimo et al, Nat Genet, 2008). The mutant archive is estimated to store ~2 million mutations, sufficient to identify several mutations in a particular gene of interest. From the archive, different gene-targeted rats were successfully isolated and established as disease models. For example, we have recently established a novel Apc-mutant rat strain, Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD), which carried a nonsense mutation in rat Apc exon 15. The KAD rat showed no spontaneous tumor in the gut, but showed increased susceptibility to colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate, compared with the control F344 rat (Yoshimi et al, Cancer Sci, 2009). The usefulness of the KAD rat in investigating colon carcinogenesis and developing effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of colon cancer will be discussed.
Inoue, Y.,Kuramoto, Y.,Hattori, M.,Adachi, M.,Kimura, M.,Akahane, T. The Korean Infomation Display Society 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.3
Alignment failure sometimes occurs during the rubbing process because the rubbing cloth comes in direct contacts with the surface of the alignment film. A number of researches observed and evaluated the surface of the alignment film after the rubbing process had been reported. The real-time rubbing process has not been observed directly yet, though. In this study, the movement of the piles of the rubbing cloth during the rubbing process was observed with a high-speed camera. Furthermore, the relationship between the rubbing scratch on the alignment films and the movement of the pile was investigated. It was found that the movement of the pile affected the rubbing scratches.
Hosoda, K.,Kuramoto, K.,Eruden, B.,Nishida, T.,Shioya, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three herb supplementations on blood metabolites, hormones, antioxidant activity, immunoglobulin (Ig) G concentration, and ruminal fermentation in steers. Four Holstein steers in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design received four herb treatments. The treatments consisted of the steers' regular diets with addition of: 1) nothing (control), 2) peppermint, 3) clove, and 4) lemongrass at 5% of the diet (DM basis). Clove supplementation increased the plasma concentration of cholesterol by about 10% (from 79 to 87 mg/dl). Peppermint and lemongrass feeding resulted in an increase in the concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (from 5.9 to 6.9 and 6.4 mg/dl, respectively). The three herb treatments had no effect on other metabolites and hormones. Steers receiving clove supplementation showed a higher plasma antioxidant activity. The three herb treatments caused lower concentrations of IgG in the blood. Peppermint and lemongrass feedings increased, and clove feeding decreased ruminal concentrations of ammonia. There were no significant differences in VFA concentrations among herbal treatments, except for the decrease in propionate concentration in steers receiving clove treatment. This study suggested that clove feeding changed cholesterol metabolism and increased antioxidant activity in plasma, and feeding of three herbs affected immunity system and ruminal fermentation in steers.
Satoshi Nakanishi,Takashi Kuramoto,Tadao Serikawa 한국실험동물학회 2009 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.25 No.1
A novel genotyping method, the Amp-FTA method, has been developed by combining the advantages of the Ampdirect® Plus and FTA® technologies. This method allowed the direct PCR amplification of DNA from unpurified blood immobilized on the FTA® card. PCR templates were prepared only by punching out the discs from the FTA® card, which could lead to a foolproof way of genotyping. The PCR products obtained could be subjected to downstream analyses such as restriction enzyme treatment and direct sequencing. The Amp-FTA method was applicable to buccal swabs collected by a simple technique minimizing distress to animals. Therefore, the Amp-FTA method is ideal for the genotyping and genetic monitoring of laboratory animals.
Y. Inoue,Y. Kuramoto,M. Kimura,M. Hattori,M. Adachi,T. Akahane 한국정보디스플레이학회 2011 Journal of information display Vol.12 No.3
Alignment failure sometimes occurs during the rubbing process because the rubbing cloth comes in direct contacts with the surface of the alignment film. A number of researches observed and evaluated the surface of the alignment film after the rubbing process had been reported. The real-time rubbing process has not been observed directly yet, though. In this study, the movement of the piles of the rubbing cloth during the rubbing process was observed with a high-speed camera. Furthermore,the relationship between the rubbing scratch on the alignment films and the movement of the pile was investigated. It was found that the movement of the pile affected the rubbing scratches.
A distinct functional distribution of α and γ motoneurons in the rat trigeminal motor nucleus
Morita-Isogai, Yukako,Sato, Hajime,Saito, Mitsuru,Kuramoto, Eriko,Yin, Dong Xu,Kaneko, Takeshi,Yamashiro, Takashi,Takada, Kenji,Oh, Seog Bae,Toyoda, Hiroki,Kang, Youngnam Springer-Verlag 2017 BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Vol.222 No.7
<P>Gamma-motoneurons (gamma MNs) play a crucial role in regulating isometric muscle contraction. The slow jaw-closing during mastication is one of the most functional isometric contractions, which is developed by the rank-order recruitment of alpha-motoneurons (alpha MNs) in a manner that reflects the size distribution of alpha MNs. In a mouse spinal motor nucleus, there are two populations of small and large MNs; the former was identified as a population of gamma MNs based on the positive expression of the transcription factor estrogen-related receptor 3 (Err3) and negative expression of the neuronal DNA-binding protein NeuN, and the latter as that of alpha MNs based on the opposite pattern of immunoreactivity. However, the differential identification of alpha MNs and gamma MNs in the trigeminal motor nucleus (TMN) remains an assumption based on the size of cell bodies that were retrogradely stained with HRP. We here examined the size distributions of alpha MNs and gamma MNs in the dorsolateral TMN (dl-TMN) by performing immunohistochemistry using anti-Err3 and anti-NeuN antibodies. The dl-TMN was identified by immunopositivity for vesicular glutamate transporter-1. Immunostaining for choline acetyltransferase and Err3/NeuN revealed that the dl-TMN is composed of 65% alpha MNs and 35% gamma MNs. The size distribution of alpha MNs was bimodal, while that of gamma MNs was almost the same as that of the population of small alpha MNs , suggesting the presence of alpha MNs as small as gamma MNs. Consistent with the size concept of motor units, the presence of smaller jaw-closing alpha MNs was coherent with the inclusion of jaw-closing muscle fibers with smaller diameters compared to limb muscle fibers.</P>