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- 저자 : Kumar Jha, Mithilesh (검색결과 158 건)
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Vipul Kumar Gupta,Pradeep Kumar Jha,Pramod Kumar Jain 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.9
In continuous casting, the molten metal quality in the mold is affected by flow pattern, temperature distribution and inclusiontransport in the multistrand tundish. Natural convection due to thermal buoyancy directly influences these parameters andwith gas bubbling, further improvisation can be made. In the present work, numerical investigation of the effect of thermalbuoyancy is carried out to examine the flow field, temperature distribution and inclusion trajectories. Further, gas bubblingcurtain modeling using the Euler-Euler approach is performed for the different locations on the bottom wall of the tundishand quantitative analysis of tundish performance is presented using residence time distribution (RTD) curves. The resultsshow that big circulation loop generated due to thermal buoyancy assists in inclusion removal and mixing at each outlet. Gas bubbling increases the molten metal flow velocity in the central region of tundish, leading to a decrease in the dimensionlessnumber Gr/Re2 near the outlets which are far away from the inlet of the tundish i.e. outlet 2 and outlet 3. Hence, thedominance of natural convection decreases. The inclusion removal rate is found to increase significantly as the circulationloop formed at each side of the curtain forces them upward direction. However, the reported inclusion removal rate in gasbubbling cases is found to be independent of particle size and curtain location.
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Pankaj Kumar Jha,Saroj Sapkota,Neena Amatya Gorkhali,Bhoj Raj Pokharel,Ajeet Kumar Jha,Shishir Bhandari,Bhola Shankar Shrestha 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2019 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.34 No.4
The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryo-banking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 106 cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 106 cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 106 cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.
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Pankaj Kumar Jha,Saroj Sapkota,Neena Amatya Gorkhali,Bhoj Raj Pokharel,Ajeet Kumar Jha,Shishir Bhandari,Bhola Shankar Shrestha 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2019 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.34 No.4
The study was conducted to evaluate the seminal attributes and cryo-banking of Achhami (Bos indicus) bull semen. Of two Achhami bulls, 8 ejaculates from each bull were evaluated for seminal attributes. For semen freezing and cryo-banking, 4 ejaculates (having ≥2 mL semen volume, ≥75% of sperm motility and ≥1,000 × 106 cells/mL of sperm concentration) from each bull were used. Semen samples were diluted in egg-yolk-tris-citrate extender using a two-step dilution protocol, and were frozen in liquid nitrogen (LN2) vapour in a styrofoam box. The mean semen volume, colour, sperm mass activity, motility, viability, concentration, abnormal acrosome, midpiece and tail and, abnormal head of two Achhami bulls were 4.4 ± 0.5 mL vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mL, 2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.1, 3.5 ± 0.1 vs. 3.5 ± 0.1, 77.0 ± 1.1% vs. 78.3 ± 1.3%, 94.4 ± 0.5% vs. 91.0 ± 0.6%, 1137.7 ± 73.7 × 106 cells/mL vs. 1060.0 ± 44.3 × 106 cells/mL, 10.2 ± 0.5% vs. 10.3 ± 0.5% and 6.7 ± 0.5% vs. 8.2 ± 0.3%, respectively. The post-thawed sperm motility and viability were 53.0 ± 2.0% vs. 50.0 ± 0.0% and 80.2 ± 0.4% vs. 73.2 ± 0.7%, while evaluating by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, the percentage of the progressive motility, fast motility, slow motility, local motility and immotile sperm were 75%, 68%, 7.4%, 16.6% and 8.6%, respectively. A total number of 620 doses semen straw were cryo-banked. Due to the acceptable post-thawed sperm motility and viability recorded, cryopreservation of Achhami semen is hereby recommended so as to preserve the Achhami breed. For further validation, the fertility will be observed from the produced frozen semen.
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Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Disease and Cancer: A Review
Gupta, Rakesh Kumar,Patel, Amit Kumar,Shah, Niranjan,Choudhary, Arun Kumar,Jha, Uday Kant,Yadav, Uday Chandra,Gupta, Pavan Kumar,Pakuwal, Uttam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.11
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), highly reactive molecules, are produced by living organisms as a result of normal cellular metabolism and environmental factors, and can damage nucleic acids and proteins, thereby altering their functions. The human body has several mechanisms to counteract oxidative stress by producing antioxidants. A shift in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of oxidants is termed as "oxidative stress". Paradoxically, there is a large body of research demonstrating the general effect of oxidative stress on signaling pathways, less is known about the initial and direct regulation of signaling molecules by ROS, or what we term the "oxidative interface." This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which ROS directly interact with critical signaling molecules to initiate signaling in a broad variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation and survival (MAP kinases and PI3 kinase), ROS homeostasis, and antioxidant gene regulation (Ref-1 and Nrf-2). This review also deals with classification as well as mechanisms of formation of free radicals, examining their beneficial and deleterious effects on cellular activities and focusing on the potential role of antioxidants in preventing and repairing damage caused by oxidative stress. A discussion of the role of phytochemical antioxidants in oxidative stress, disease and the epigenome is included.
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Glia-based biomarkers and their functional role in the CNS.
Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Suk, Kyoungho Future Drugs Ltd 2013 Expert review of proteomics Vol.10 No.1
<P>Glial cells, a close partner to neurons, are able to communicate with each other and with neurons through secreted proteins and other molecules. Secreted proteins in the extracellular environment probably play a direct role in the control and regulation of numerous biological and disease processes in the nervous system. Provision of precise diagnosis and prognosis to patients with a neurological disorder is problematic. Glial activation is a hallmark of every type of injury to the nervous system. In these circumstances, it is the glial biomarker whose development and implementation can be the most suitable approach to assessment of neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Here, the importance of glial secreted proteins as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and their functional contribution to regulation of neuroinflammation are reviewed. Evidence for the use of glia-based biomarkers for improvement of diagnostic and prognostic accuracy is also summarized and recommendations for future glia-based biomarker research are provided.</P>
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Metabolic Control of Glia-Mediated Neuroinflammation
Kumar Jha, Mithilesh,Ho Park, Dong,Kook, Hyun,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Won-Ha,Suk, Kyoungho Bentham Science 2016 Current Alzheimer research Vol.13 No.4
<P>The central nervous system (CNS) shows dynamic immune and inflammatory responses to a variety of insults having crucial implications for reactive gliosis. Glial cells in the CNS serve not only as the source, but also as targets of proinflammatory mediators. Undoubtedly, these cells efficiently work towards the disposal of tissue debris and promotion of wound healing as well as tissue repair. However, these non-neuronal glial cells synthesize and release numerous inflammatory mediators, which can be detrimental to neurons, axons, myelin, and the glia themselves. While an acute insult is typically transient and unlikely to be detrimental to neuronal survival, chronic neuroinflammation is a long-standing and often self-perpetuating response, which persists even long after the initial injury or insult. It can serve as a point of origin for diverse neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates the contribution of metabolic dysfunction and mitochondrial failure to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative conditions are also characterized by increased oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses and autophagy defects. Furthermore, neuroinflammatory conditions are accompanied by an alteration in glial energy metabolism. Here, we comprehensively review the metabolic hallmarks of glia-mediated neuroinflammation and how the glial metabolic shift orchestrates the neuroinflammatory response and pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders.</P>
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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Jeon, Sangmin,Jin, Myungwon,Lee, Won-Ha,Suk, Kyoungho The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2013 Immune Network Vol.13 No.6
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute-phase protein induced by injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli. LCN2 binds small hydrophobic ligands and interacts with cell surface receptor to regulate diverse cellular processes. The role of LCN2 as a chemokine inducer in the central nervous system (CNS) has been previously reported. Based on the previous participation of LCN2 in neuroinflammation, we investigated the role of LCN2 in formalin-induced nociception and pathological pain. Formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors (licking/biting) and spinal microglial activation were significantly reduced in the second or late phase of the formalin test in Lcn2 knockout mice. Likewise, antibody-mediated neutralization of spinal LCN2 attenuated the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by peripheral nerve injury in mice. Taken together, our results suggest that LCN2 can be therapeutically targeted, presumably for both prevention and reversal of acute inflammatory pain as well as pathological pain.
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Jha, Amit Kumar,Dhakal, Dipesh,Van, Pham Thi Thuy,Pokhrel, Anaya Raj,Yamaguchi, Tokutaro,Jung, Hye Jin,Yoon, Yeo Joon,Sohng, Jae Kyung Springer International 2015 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.99 No.8
<P>Herboxidiene is a natural product produced by Streptomyces chromofuscus exhibiting herbicidal activity as well as antitumor properties. Using different substrate-flexible cytochrome P450s and glycosyltransferase, different novel derivatives of herboxidiene were generated with structural modifications by hydroxylation or epoxidation or conjugation with a glucose moiety. Moreover, two isomers of herboxidiene containing extra tetrahydrofuran or tetrahydropyran moiety in addition to the existing tetrahydropyran moiety were characterized. The hydroxylated products for both of these compounds were also isolated and characterized from S. chromofuscus PikC harboring pikC from the pikromycin gene cluster of Streptomyces venezuelae and S. chromofuscus EryF harboring eryF from the erythromycin gene cluster of Saccharopolyspora erythraea. The compounds generated were characterized by high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF-ESI/MS) and (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The evaluation of antibacterial activity against three Gram-positive bacteria, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, indicated that modification resulted in a transition from anticancer to antibacterial potency.</P>
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Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Song, Gyun Jee,Lee, Maan Gee,Jeoung, Nam Ho,Go, Younghoon,Harris, Robert A.,Park, Dong Ho,Kook, Hyun,Lee, In-Kyu,Suk, Kyoungho Society for Neuroscience 2015 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.35 No.42
<P>Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK1–4) are mitochondrial metabolic regulators that serve as decision makers via modulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity to convert pyruvate either aerobically to acetyl-CoA or anaerobically to lactate. Metabolic dysregulation and inflammatory processes are two sides of the same coin in several pathophysiological conditions. The lactic acid surge associated with the metabolic shift has been implicated in diverse painful states. In this study, we investigated the role of PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory pain. Deficiency of <I>Pdk2</I> and/or <I>Pdk4</I> in mice attenuated complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain hypersensitivities. Likewise, <I>Pdk2/4</I> deficiency attenuated the localized lactic acid surge along with hallmarks of peripheral and central inflammation following intraplantar administration of CFA. <I>In vitro</I> studies supported the role of PDK2/4 as promoters of classical proinflammatory activation of macrophages. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of PDKs or lactic acid production diminished CFA-induced inflammation and pain hypersensitivities. Thus, a PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis seems to mediate inflammation-driven chronic pain, establishing a connection between metabolism and inflammatory pain.</P><P><B>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</B> The mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinases (PDKs) and their substrate PDH orchestrate the conversion of pyruvate either aerobically to acetyl-CoA or anaerobically to lactate. Lactate, the predominant end product of glycolysis, has recently been identified as a signaling molecule for neuron-glia interactions and neuronal plasticity. Pathological metabolic shift and subsequent lactic acid production are thought to play an important role in diverse painful states; however, their contribution to inflammation-driven pain is still to be comprehended. Here, we report that the PDK-PDH-lactic acid axis constitutes a key component of inflammatory pain pathogenesis. Our findings establish an unanticipated link between metabolism and inflammatory pain. This study unlocks a previously ill-explored research avenue for the metabolic control of inflammatory pain pathogenesis.</P>
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