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Grey zones of welfare: Normative coping strategies in rural Lithuania
Ida Harboe Knudsen 한양대학교 아태지역연구센터 2015 Journal of Eurasian Studies Vol.6 No.1
In this article I explore the ‘grey zones of welfare’ in rural Lithuania whereby I point to the inherent ambiguities that lies in a system where people to a high degree rely on networks and normative solutions to everyday shortcomings, rather than on the state. I argue that we in the period after socialism witness an increased degree of informal economies and social arrangements, as the formal sector of social security is perceived as unreliable. This results in a model where liberalism and individual ethics co-exist with a strong morality to support the poorest in society.
Examining Walking, Politics and the Arts in Three Countries
Brian B. Knudsen,Terry Nichols Clark,Daniel Silver 한국문화정책학회 2015 문화정책 Vol.2 No.1
This article investigates the impact of walking on social movement and arts activity in the U.S., Canada, and France. By joining them, we enhance the typically separate traditions of the arts, social movements, and walking, hypothesizing that walking relates both directly and interactively with creative and expressive activities like contemporary movement organizations and the arts. With the original use of large-N data from the economic and population censuses of each country, we employ multiple regression analyses to test our propositions across ZIP Codes in the U.S., Forward Sortation Areas in Canada, and communes in France. Findings show strong and significant direct effects of walking that hold in all three countries: both artistic and social movement activities are higher in locales with more walking and walkable contexts. We also find strong interaction effects: when walking occurs in locales with more arts activity, its impact on social movements is greater.
Influence of Soil Microbial Biomass on Growth and Biocontrol Efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum
Yeoung-SeukBae,GuyR.Knudsen,Louise-MarieC.Dandurand 한국식물병리학회 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.1
The hyphal growth and biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum in soil may depend on its interactions with biotic components of the soil environment. The effect of soil microbial biomass on growth and biocontrol efficacy of T. harzianum isolate ThzID1-M3 (green fluorescent protein transformant) was investigated using artificially prepared different levels of soil microbial biomass (153, 328, or 517 mg biomass carbon per g of dry soil; BC). The hyphal growth of T. harzianum was significantly inhibited in the soil with 328 or 517 mg BC compared with 153 mg BC. When ThzID1-M3 was added to the soils as an alginate pellet formulation, the recoverable population of ThzID1-M3 varied, but the highest population occurred in 517 mg BC. Addition of alginate pellets of ThzID1-M3 to the soils (10 per 50 g) resulted in increased indigenous microbial populations (total fungi, bacteria, fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., and actinomycetes). Furthermore, colonizing ability of ThzID1-M3 on sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was significantly reduced in the soil with high level of BC. These results suggest that increased soil microbial biomass contributes to increased interactions between introduced T. harzianum and soil microorganisms, consequently reducing the biocontrol efficacy of T. harzianum.
( Yogesh Joshi ),( Kerry Knudsen ),( Xin Yu Wang ),( Jae Seoun Hur ) 한국균학회 2010 Mycobiology Vol.38 No.4
The lichenicolous fungi flora of South Korea is poorly known. During recent field trips to various parts of South Korea and after an extensive examination of herbarium lichen specimens, we encountered a lichenicolous fungi growing over a thallus of the lichen Ochrolechia yasudae Vain., characterized by small black apothecia with mostly three-septate brown ascospores. It was identified as Dactylospora glaucomarioides. This is the first report of this lichenicolous fungus from South Korea. A taxonomic description and comments are presented.
김태관,Guy R. Knudsen 한국미생물·생명공학회 2016 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.4
Plant residues serve as substrates for the proliferation and overwintering of plant pathogenic fungi in soil. Effects of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the colonization of wheat straw by the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium solani were investigated under different soil moisture regimes (−50 vs. −500 kPa) in non-sterile soil. T. harzianum ThzID1-M3 and/or F. solani were added along with wheat straw to non-sterile soils. ThzID1-M3, other Trichoderma species, and F. solani were monitored for a 21-day period using quantitative PCR. ThzID1-M3 reduced the colonization of F. solani on wheat straw (p < 0.05) under both moisture regimes, and F. solani reduced the colonization by ThzID1-M3 and other Trichoderma species (p < 0.05), thus suggesting competitive inhibition between ThzID1-M3 and F. solani. Colonization by ThzID1-M3 and generic Trichoderma was improved in the wet soil (p < 0.05), but colonization by F. solani did not differ between the two moisture conditions. Thus, the inhibitory effect of ThzID1-M3 was greater in the wet soil (p < 0.05). The growth competition between ThzID1-M3 and F. solani to colonize plant debris suggests that the biocontrol fungus T. harzianum may reduce the potential of the plant pathogen, F. solani, to survive and proliferate on crops.