http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Secular Stagnation in Non-EMU European Countries : Equilibrium Real Rate Approach
( Jens Klose ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.2
Concerns about economies facing secular stagnation-a period of persistently lower growth―have been renewed after the start of the financial crisis in 2008~2009. This issue is well investigated for the euro area as a whole or for the individual countries forming the monetary union, with the general consensus being that secular stagnation is not present in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). So far no studies have been conducted for the remaining European countries, and thus this study tackles this issue for the five non-EMU European countries using the well-established Laubach-Williams model to estimate the unobservable equilibrium real interest rate and compare it with the actual real rate. The obtained results have important implications for national policymakers, i.e., if secular stagnation is present in one country, then there is a risk of growth divergence with the country`s most important trading partners. The results also indicate that secular stagnation is not a significant threat to the non-EMU European countries, so they do not face structurally different growth dynamics compared with those of the euro area.
Structure of the Marine Siphovirus TW1: Evolution of Capsid-Stabilizing Proteins and Tail Spikes
Wang, Zhiqing,Hardies, Stephen C.,Fokine, Andrei,Klose, Thomas,Jiang, Wen,Cho, Byung Cheol,Rossmann, Michael G. Elsevier 2018 Structure Vol.26 No.2
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Marine bacteriophage TW1 belongs to the <I>Siphoviridae f</I>amily and infects <I>Pseudoalteromonas phenolica</I>. Mass spectrometry analysis has identified 16 different proteins in the TW1 virion. Functions of most of these proteins have been predicted by bioinformatic methods. A 3.6 Å resolution cryoelectron microscopy map of the icosahedrally averaged TW1 head showed the atomic structures of the major capsid protein, gp57<SUP>∗</SUP>, and the capsid-stabilizing protein, gp56. The gp57<SUP>∗</SUP> structure is similar to that of the phage HK97 capsid protein. The gp56 protein has two domains, each having folds similar to that of the N-terminal part of phage λ gpD, indicating a common ancestry. The first gp56 domain clamps adjacent capsomers together, whereas the second domain is required for trimerization. A 6-fold-averaged reconstruction of the distal part of the tail showed that TW1 has six tail spikes, which are unusual for siphophages but are similar to the podophages P22 and Sf6, suggesting a common evolutionary origin of these spikes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Structure of the marine siphovirus TW1 has been determined using cryo-EM </LI> <LI> Atomic structures of the two proteins forming the capsid shell have been built </LI> <LI> The capsid-stabilizing protein has two domains that each are similar to phage λ gpD </LI> <LI> The TW1 tail has six spikes, similar to the spikes of podophages P22 and Sf6 </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Mechanisms of paracrine cardioprotection by cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells.
Bader, Andreas Matthaeus,Brodarac, Andreja,Klose, Kristin,Bieback, Karen,Choi, Yeong-Hoon,Kurtz, Andreas,Stamm, Christof Springer International 2014 European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery Vol.45 No.6
<P>Among the mechanisms by which somatic stem cells may improve left ventricular function in ischaemic heart disease are pro-survival stimuli mediated by secreted factors. This phenomenon is frequently referred to, but remains poorly understood. We therefore investigated the non-regenerative cardioprotective effects of cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (CBMSCs) in vitro and sought to identify relevant intracellular signalling pathways.</P>
Determination of the rCBF in the Amygdala and Rhinal Cortex Using a FAIR-TrueFISP Sequence
Burkhard Ludescher,Petros Martirosian,Uwe Klose,Thomas Nägele,Fritz Schick,Ulrike Ernemann 대한영상의학회 2011 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.12 No.5
Objective: Brain perfusion can be assessed non-invasively by modern arterial spin labeling MRI. The FAIR (flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery)-TrueFISP (true fast imaging in steady precession) technique was applied for regional assessment of cerebral blood flow in brain areas close to the skull base, since this approach provides low sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility effects. The investigation of the rhinal cortex and the amygdala is a potentially important feature for the diagnosis and research on dementia in its early stages. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three subjects with no structural or psychological impairment were investigated. FAIR-True-FISP quantitative perfusion data were evaluated in the amygdala on both sides and in the pons. A preparation of the radiofrequency FOCI (frequency offset corrected inversion) pulse was used for slice selective inversion. After a time delay of 1.2 sec, data acquisition began. Imaging slice thickness was 5 mm and inversion slab thickness for slice selective inversion was 12.5 mm. Image matrix size for perfusion images was 64 x 64 with a field of view of 256 x 256 mm, resulting in a spatial resolution of 4 x 4 x 5 mm. Repetition time was 4.8 ms; echo time was 2.4 ms. Acquisition time for the 50 sets of FAIR images was 6:56 min. Data were compared with perfusion data from the literature. Results: Perfusion values in the right amygdala, left amygdala and pons were 65.2 (± 18.2) mL/100 g/minute, 64.6 (± 21.0) mL/100 g/minute, and 74.4 (± 19.3) mL/100 g/minute, respectively. These values were higher than formerly published data using continuous arterial spin labeling but similar to 15O-PET (oxygen-15 positron emission tomography) data. Conclusion: The FAIR-TrueFISP approach is feasible for the quantitative assessment of perfusion in the amygdala. Data are comparable with formerly published data from the literature. The applied technique provided excellent image quality, even for brain regions located at the skull base in the vicinity of marked susceptibility steps. Objective: Brain perfusion can be assessed non-invasively by modern arterial spin labeling MRI. The FAIR (flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery)-TrueFISP (true fast imaging in steady precession) technique was applied for regional assessment of cerebral blood flow in brain areas close to the skull base, since this approach provides low sensitivity to magnetic susceptibility effects. The investigation of the rhinal cortex and the amygdala is a potentially important feature for the diagnosis and research on dementia in its early stages. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three subjects with no structural or psychological impairment were investigated. FAIR-True-FISP quantitative perfusion data were evaluated in the amygdala on both sides and in the pons. A preparation of the radiofrequency FOCI (frequency offset corrected inversion) pulse was used for slice selective inversion. After a time delay of 1.2 sec, data acquisition began. Imaging slice thickness was 5 mm and inversion slab thickness for slice selective inversion was 12.5 mm. Image matrix size for perfusion images was 64 x 64 with a field of view of 256 x 256 mm, resulting in a spatial resolution of 4 x 4 x 5 mm. Repetition time was 4.8 ms; echo time was 2.4 ms. Acquisition time for the 50 sets of FAIR images was 6:56 min. Data were compared with perfusion data from the literature. Results: Perfusion values in the right amygdala, left amygdala and pons were 65.2 (± 18.2) mL/100 g/minute, 64.6 (± 21.0) mL/100 g/minute, and 74.4 (± 19.3) mL/100 g/minute, respectively. These values were higher than formerly published data using continuous arterial spin labeling but similar to 15O-PET (oxygen-15 positron emission tomography) data. Conclusion: The FAIR-TrueFISP approach is feasible for the quantitative assessment of perfusion in the amygdala. Data are comparable with formerly published data from the literature. The applied technique provided excellent image quality, even for brain regions located at the skull base in the vicinity of marked susceptibility steps.
Determination of N* amplitudes from associated strangeness production in p+p collisions
Mü,nzer, R.,Fabbietti, L.,Epple, E.,Lu, S.,Klose, P.,Hauenstein, F.,Herrmann, N.,Grzonka, D.,Leifels, Y.,Maggiora, M.,Pleiner, D.,Ramstein, B.,Ritman, J.,Roderburg, E.,Salabura, P.,Sarantsev, A.,B North-Holland Pub. Co 2018 Physics letters. Section B Vol.785 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N<SUP>⁎</SUP> resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p → <SUP> pK + </SUP> Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p → <SUP> pK + </SUP> Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N<SUP>⁎</SUP> resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> and 1900 MeV/c<SUP>2</SUP> for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N<SUP>⁎</SUP> contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pK Λ + final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N<SUP>⁎</SUP> and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions.</P>