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소아 알레르기비염의 경제적 부담 평가를 위한 다기관 조사
공도연 ( Do Youn Kong ),김경원 ( Kyung Won Kim ),김우경 ( Woo Kyung Kim ),민택기 ( Taek Ki Min ),박용민 ( Yong Mean Park ),안재억 ( Jae Ouk Ahn ),양현종 ( Hyeon Jong Yang ),염혜영 ( Hye Yung Yum ),윤혜선 ( Hae Sun Yoon ),전유훈 ( 대한소아알레르기호흡기학회(구 대한소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회) 2012 소아알레르기 및 호흡기학회지 Vol.22 No.2
목적: 알레르기비염의 유병률은 전 세계적으로 급격히 증가하고 있으며, 그에 따른 경제적 부담도 증가하고 있다. 그러나, 소아 알레르기 질환이 미치는 경제적 부담에 관한 국내 연구는 제한적이어서 소아 알레르기비염이 환자와 그 가족에게 미치는 경제적 부담을 산출하고자 본 연구를 진행하였다. 방법: 2008년 7월 1일부터 9월 31일까지 서울시 6개 2-3차 의료기관을 방문한 18세 이하 소아 알레르기비염 환자 및 보호자를 대상으로 설문 조사를 진행하였다. 설문을 통해 직접 의료비 (병·의원 진료비, 및 약제비 한방 진료비 및 약제비, 보완/대체요법비), 직접비의료비 (교통비, 환경개선비), 그리고 간접비용 (월 평균 노동 손실)을 조사하였고 그 결과를 질환의 중증도 및 유병 기간에 따라 분석하여 그 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 모집된 262명의 대상 중 174명(66.4%)이 남자였고, 평균 연령은 6.54세였다. 대상군의 연간 평균 직접 의료비는 177만 원이었고 직접비 의료비는 57만 원이었다. 비록 통계학적 유의성은 없었지만, 알레르기비염의 중증도가 증가할수록 직접 의료비가 증가하는 경향을 보였고, (P=0.053) 유병 기간 또한 직접 의료비의 증가와 유의한 양의 상관 관계를 보였다. (R=0.195, P=0.002) 대상 환자 보호자의 약 17%가 아이의 알레르기비염으로 인해 직장에 결근 또는 조퇴를 경험한 것으로 조사되어 사회적 간접비용을 미루어 생각할 수 있었다. 결론: 알레르기비염이 미치는 경제적 부담은 질환의 중증도가 심할수록, 그리고 유병 기간이 길수록 증가하며, 이는 특히 한방 진료 및 치료비와 보완/대체요법비의 증가에 기인한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 알레르기비염으로 인한 경제적 부담을 줄이기 위해서는 환자와 보호자를 대상으로 근거 중심의 치료를 할 수 있도록 지속적이고 체계적인 교육이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: The prevalence of allergic rhinitis is rapidly increasing and results in relatively high socio-economic burden on their family and community. However, studies on the economic burden of pediatric allergic rhinitis in Korea are limited. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate the impact of pediatric allergic rhinitis on economic burden. Methods: Two hundred sixty two children with allergic rhinitis were enrolled in 6 secondary or tertiary medical centers in Seoul from July to September, 2008. We collected data of the economic burden of allergic rhinitis (direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs) by face to face questionnaire survey. We compared the economic burden according to the severity and the duration of allergic rhinitis. Results: The mean age of subjects was 6.54 years, and male were 174 (66.4%). Direct medical costs (10,000 Korean Won/yr) were 177.75, and direct nonmedical costs were 57.92. Although, there was no statistical significance, direct medical costs showed increasing trends in severe allergic rhinitis. (P=0.053) In addition, direct medical costs were positively correlated with duration of allergic rhinitis.( R=0.195, P=0.002). About 17% of the parents who care the allergic rhinitis children experienced the work absence due to their child s illness. Conclusion: The economic burdens of allergic rhinitis were positively correlated with the severity and duration of illness. Particularly costs for alternative medicine including oriental medicine` were related with severity and duration allergic rhinitis. Therefore, special efforts for education with evidence based treatment strategy are necessary to decrease the economic burden of allergic rhinitis.
Removal of Toxic Gases on Strong/and Weak-Base Anion Exchange Fibers
Kim, Young-Su,Hwang, Taek-Sung,Lee, Hyung-Keun,Park, Jin-Won,Kim, Sun-Mi 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.4
In this study. a strong base ion exchange fiber, APP-g-GMA, was synthesized by grafting GMA onto a PP trunk polymer, using an E-beam accelerator for the purpose of pre-irradiation, in order to remove sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. A weak-base ion exchange fiber, AN-co-MMA, was spun by wet-spinning and was functionalized by hydrolysis. To determine the effects of various conditions, such as the SO₂ and NO₂ concentrations and the water content in the column, we investigated the adsorption for SO₂ and NO₂ over two types of fibrous ion-exchangers. The adsorption rate constants were calculated from macroscopic models by a linear square fitting method. SO₂ and NO₂ removal on the fibrous ion-exchangers both depend on the initial concentration of SO₂ and NO₂. The removal efficiency of NO₂ and SO₂ on the weak-base anion exchange fiber was slightly affected by initial water contents of > 10 g. Also, the removal efficiency of NO₂ on the strong-base ion exchange fiber was slightly dependent on the initial water content at a water content of > 20 g.
Cilostazol eliminates adverse smoking outcome in patients with drug-eluting stent implantation.
Kim, Hack-Lyoung,Suh, Jung-Won,Lee, Seung-Pyo,Kang, Hyun-Jae,Koo, Bon-Kwon,Cho, Young-Seok,Youn, Tae-Jin,Chae, In-Ho,Choi, Dong-Ju,Rha, Seung-Woon,Bae, Jang-Ho,Kwon, Taek-Geun,Bae, Jang-Whan,Cho, Myeo Japanese Circulation Society 2014 CIRCULATION JOURNAL Vol.78 No.6
<P>The present study investigated whether cilostazol can eliminate adverse smoking outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</P>
Won-Taek Hong,Yong-Hoon Byun,Sang Yeob Kim,Jong-Sub Lee 국제구조공학회 2016 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.18 No.2
The increased speed of a train causes increased loads that act on the track substructures. To ensure the safety of the track substructures, proper maintenance and repair are necessary based on an accurate characterization of strength and stiffness. The objective of this study is to develop and apply a cone penetrometer incorporated with the dynamic cone penetration method (CPD) for investigating track substructures. The CPD consists of an outer rod for dynamic penetration in the ballast layer and an inner rod with load cells for static penetration in the subgrade. Additionally, an energy-monitoring module composed of strain gauges and an accelerometer is connected to the head of the outer rod to measure the dynamic responses during the dynamic penetration. Moreover, eight strain gauges are installed in the load cells for static penetration to measure the cone tip resistance and the friction resistance during static penetration. To investigate the applicability of the developed CPD, laboratory and field tests are performed. The results of the CPD tests, i.e., profiles of the corrected dynamic cone penetration index (CDI), profiles of the cone tip and friction resistances, and the friction ratio are obtained at high resolution. Moreover, the maximum shear modulus of the subgrade is estimated using the relationships between the static penetration resistances and the maximum shear modulus obtained from the laboratory tests. This study suggests that the CPD test may be a useful method for the characterization of track substructures.
Diffraction Color Developed by Self-Assembly of Silica Particle Arrays
Kim, Tae Hyeon,Kim, Hyung Jun,Lee, Taek Seung,Lyoo, Won Seok TaylorFrancis 2007 MOLECULAR CRYSTALS AND LIQUID CRYSTALS - Vol.464 No.1
<P> Thin films of ordered arrays were fabricated with size-controlled silica spheres by solvent evaporation method. The ordered arrays could transmit a light of specific wavelength, which was significantly dependent on the particle size and confirmed using UV transmission spectroscopy. The stop band in UV spectrum was blue-shifted with a decrease in particle size, which can be explained by Bragg's diffraction law. By theoretical calculation, the colloidal crystal prepared with silica particles of 480 nm should show maximum transmission at 1056 nm and the self-assembled multilayer prepared with 560 nm-sized particles should exhibit stop band at 1390 nm, which, however, showed deviations of stop band between theoretical and experimental values. The deviation between theoretical and experimental values can be regarded as a result from the defects and disordered area in the colloidal crystal.</P>