김달진 시의 현실인식 - 근대성 비판을 중심으로

유상희(Yu, SangHee),김옥성(Kim, Ok-sung) 문학과환경학회 2021 문학과 환경 Vol.20 No.3

그동안 김달진에 관한 연구는 주로 제한적인 부분에서 논의가 이루어졌으며 현실인식과는 무관한 것으로 간주되어 왔다. 그의 전기적 행적에서도 확인할 수 있듯이 김달진의 작품세계, 특히 초기 작품에서 현실인식은 두드러지게 발견된다. 김달진 시에서 나타난 현실인식은 전통사회의 몰락과 근대로의 이행이라는 시대적 상황과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 근대가 들어서면서 자연은 일상에서 분리되어 박제된 상태로 존재하였다. 김달진은 이런 현실을 “낡은 벽화속의 사슴”, “박제된 어린 비둘기”, ‘유리 항아리에 갇힌 금붕어’ 등으로 형상화하였다. 박제된 자연은 근대 문명에 감금된 근대인의 모습이기도 하다. ‘항아리에 갇힌 금붕어’는 차가운 빌딩에 수감된 근대인의 은유이다. 식민지 도시 경성은 소비의 욕망을 작동시키는 스펙터클한 공간이었다. 김달진은 이러한 소비의 욕망에 주목하였다. 김달진은 사람들이 근대라는 ‘환영’에 빠져 다방에서 값비싼 커피를 마시고 일요일이면 고궁에서 여가를 즐기며 근대를 소비하는 세태를 비판한다. 이들이 소비한 근대는 잡히지 않는 ‘환영’에 불과하다. 그들은 판타스마고리를 경험할 뿐이다. 판타스마고리는 소비주의, 물신주의와 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있다. 표박의식은 일제강점기라는 시대적 상황과 근대에서의 고향 상실과 맞물려 있다. 김달진은 표박의식을 인간의 본능이라고 하며 “냉혹한 현실”로 인해 표박자가 되었다고 한다. 표박의식에서 “고수”는 필연적이다. “고수”는 표박자가 공동체의 일원으로서 본질적 존재로 접근할 수 있도록 한다. 표박자의 시선은 차 밖의 “냉혹한 현실”에 머무른다. “아리욕”과 같은 개인주의와 물질주의가 사회 전역에 퍼져 있었다. So far, the research on Kim Dal-jin has been mainly discussed in limited extent without considering reality recognition. As we can see from his biographical track record, the reality recognition of Kim Dal-jin’s works is found especially in his early works. Kim Dal-jin’s perception of reality is closely related to the situation of the times, such as the fall of traditional society and the transition to modernity. As modern times entered, nature was separated from daily life and existed in a stuffed state. Kim Dal-jin poeticized this reality in the works of “A Deer in an Old Mural,” “A Stuffed Young Pigeon,” and “A Goldfish Trapped in a Glass Jar.” The stuffed nature is also the image of modern people imprisoned in modern civilization. “Goldfish Trapped in a Jar” is a metaphor for modern people in the prison of cold buildings. The colonial city of Gyeongseong was a spectacular place to activate the desire for consumption. Kim Dal-jin pays attention to this desire for consumption. Kim Dal-jin criticizes the generation in which people fell in love with the illusion of modern times, sipping expensive coffee in the cafes, consuming modernity enjoying leisure time while strolling in old palaces on Sunday. However, to them the modernity was nothing but an illusion. They only experienced the Fantasmagorie. The Fantasmagory is closely related to consumerism and physicalism. The nomadism is linked to the situation of the times called Japanese colonial era and the loss of one’s hometown in modern times. Kim Dal-jin says nomadism a human instinctKim and he has become a nomad because of “hard reality.” In the nomadism, “solitude” is inevitable. In the nomadism the solittude allows access to an substantial existence as a member of a community. The gaze of the nomad see “Cold reality” through the window of the car. Individualism and materialism, such as “ariyok,” are spread throughout society.

Regiodivergent Halogenation of (<i>E</i>)-β-Chlorovinyl Ketones via Soft α-Vinyl Enolization Strategy

Kim, Hun Young,Lee, Seokwoo,Kim, Sanghee,Oh, Kyungsoo American Chemical Society 2015 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.17 No.3

<P>The soft a-vinyl enolization of (E)-beta-chlorovinyl ketones was investigated in the presence of various halogen electrophiles. Depending on the nature of halogen electrophiles, the selective formation of three products, namely alpha,alpha-dichloropropargyl ketones, alpha,gamma-dihaloallenyl ketones, and 3-halofurans, was observed. The observed regiodivergent nucleophilic pathways of (E)-beta-chlorovinyl ketones demonstrate the diversity-oriented synthesis strategy in which the nucleophilic reactivity of (E)-beta-chlorovinyl ketones can be selectively modulated by the choice of suitable hard and soft electrophiles.</P>

INDULGENCE UNLEASHED: EXPLORING MOTIVATIONS BEHIND SOCIAL MEDIA SHARING OF GASTRONOMIC EXPERIENCES FOR LUXURY BRANDS

Sanghee Kim,Hyo Jung Julie Chang,Leslie Cuevas 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2024 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2024 No.07

Calix[<i>n</i>]triazoles and Related Conformational Studies

Kim, Illan,Ko, Kyoung Chul,Lee, Woo Ram,Cho, Jihee,Moon, Jong Hun,Moon, Dohyun,Sharma, Amit,Lee, Jin Yong,Kim, Jong Seung,Kim, Sanghee THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017 ORGANIC LETTERS Vol.19 No.20

<P>Calix[<I>n</I>]triazoles are developed as new derivatives in the calixarene family. Calixtriazole compounds <B>2</B>–<B>4</B> are synthesized using an iterative convergent strategy including an inter-/intramolecular copper(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Solid-state structures are clearly refined to give 1,2-alternate and partial cone conformations for calix[4]triazole and calix[5]triazole, respectively. Theoretical studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicated that intermolecular interactions are crucial in determining the conformers of the crystals, and the most stable conformers of calix[4]triazole, calix[5]triazole, and calix[6]triazole in the monomeric forms are 1,3-alternate, 1,3-alternate, and 1,3,5-alternate, respectively.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orlef7/2017/orlef7.2017.19.issue-20/acs.orglett.7b02557/production/images/medium/ol-2017-02557h_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ol7b02557'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factor genes in an Arctic permafrost region revealed by metagenomics

Kim, Heesoo,Kim, Mincheol,Kim, Sanghee,Lee, Yung Mi,Shin, Seung Chul 극지연구소 2023 극지연구소 초록집 Vol.- No.-

<i>Parastrombidinopsis shimi</i>n. gen., n. sp. (Ciliophora: Choreotrichia) from the Coastal Waters of Korea: Morphology and Small Subunit Ribosomal DNA Sequence

KIM, JAE SEONG,JEONG, HAE JIN,STRÜ,EDER-KYPKE, MICHAELA C.,LYNN, DENIS H.,KIM, SANGHEE,KIM, JONG HYEOK,LEE, SEUNG HYEON Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2005 JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY - Vol.52 No.6

<P>The planktonic ciliate Parastrombidinopsis shimi n. gen., n. sp. is described from both living cells and quantitative protargol-stained (QPS) preparations and the sequence of the small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) is reported. This species is almost oval when the cells are alive; when stained, it is cylindrical for the upper two-fifths, half-bowl shaped for the middle two-fifths, and narrow rodshaped for the lower one-fifth. The ranges (and mean +/- standard deviation, n = 20) of cell length, cell width, and oral diameter of living cells were 112-221 microm (168 +/- 39), 88-176 microm (121 +/- 30), and 53-110 microm (80 +/- 14), respectively, while those of the QPS-stained specimens (n = 54) were 88-225 microm (162 +/- 29), 55-163 microm (102 +/- 19), and 53-98 microm (69 +/- 9), respectively. Thirty-six to 48 external oral polykinetids had cilia 25-40 microm long. However, unlike Strombidinopsis species sensu stricto, P. shimi has an external oral polykinetid zone that is an open circle. This species has two shorter polykinetids associated with the end of the oral polykinetid zone, deep in the oral cavity. Like Strombidinopsis species in the subclass Choreotrichia, 36-50 somatic kineties were equally spaced around the cell body and extended from the oral to the posterior regions with 68-105 dikinetids per kinety. Both kinetosomes of each kinetid bore cilia 3-10 microm long. Parastrombidinopsis shimi had 2 (1-4) ovoid macronuclei of 20-82 x 15-32 microm. When properly aligned, the sequence of the SSU rDNA of P. shimi (GenBank Accession No. AJ786648) was approximately 5% different from that of Strobilidium caudatum and 6% different from that of two Strombidinopsis species. Based both on morphology and gene sequence divergence, we establish this is as a new species in a new genus belonging to the family Strombidinopsidae.</P>

Decadal changes of Campbell Glacier Tongue in East Antarctica from 2010 to 2020 and implications of ice pinning conditions analyzed by optical and SAR datasets

Kim, Seung Hee,Kim, Sanghee 극지연구소 2023 극지연구소 초록집 Vol.- No.-

Natural Killer T (NKT) Cells Attenuate Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Producing Interferon-γ

Kim, Ji Hyung,Kim, Hye Young,Kim, Sanghee,Chung, Jin-Haeng,Park, Weon Seo,Chung, Doo Hyun Elsevier 2005 The American journal of pathology Vol.167 No.5

<P>Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive illness characterized by interstitial fibrosis. Although the precise mechanism for pulmonary fibrosis is not completely understood, an immune response involving interferon (IFN)-γ appears to play a role. Therefore, we examined the functional roles of natural killer T (NKT) cells, which produce IFN-γ and interleukin-4 on activation, in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. In NKT cell-deficient mice, pulmonary fibrosis was worse in terms of histology, hydroxyproline levels, and mortality than in control mice. The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels were higher in the lung after injecting bleomycin, and blockade of TGF-β1 by neutralizing monoclonal antibody attenuated the pulmonary fibrosis in CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. In contrast, the production of IFN-γ was reduced in lungs from CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of NKT cells into CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice increased IFN-γ and reduced TGF-β1 production, attenuating pulmonary fibrosis. An <B><I>in vitro</I></B> assay demonstrated that IFN-γ was involved in suppressing TGF-β1 production in cells collected from bronchoalveolar lavage. The adoptive transfer of NKT cells from IFN-γ<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice did not reverse pulmonary fibrosis or TGF-β1 production in lungs of CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice whereas NKT cells from B6 control mice attenuated fibrosis and reduced TGF-β1 production. In conclusion, IFN-γ-producing NKT cells play a novel anti-fibrotic role in pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1 production.</P>

Mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic microalga Micractinium simplicissimum KSF0127 (Chlorellaceae, Trebouxiophyceae)

Kim, Eun Jae,Chae, Hyunsik,Yu, Jihyeon,Kim, Hyunjoong,Cho, Sung Mi,Shin, Seung Chul,Choi, Han-Gu,Kim, Sanghee,Han, Se Jong 극지연구소 2022 극지연구소 초록집 Vol.- No.-

NKT cells promote antibody-induced joint inflammation by suppressing transforming growth factor β1 production

Kim, Hye Young,Kim, Hyun Jung,Min, Hye Sook,Kim, Sanghee,Park, Weon Seo,Park, Seong Hoe,Chung, Doo Hyun The Rockefeller University Press 2005 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.201 No.1

<P>Although NKT cells has been known to exert protective roles in the development of autoimmune diseases, the functional roles of NKT cells in the downstream events of antibody-induced joint inflammation remain unknown. Thus, we explored the functional roles of NKT cells in antibody-induced arthritis using the K/BxN serum transfer model. NKT cell–deficient mice were resistant to the development of arthritis, and wild-type mice administrated with α-galactosyl ceramide, a potent NKT cell activator, aggravated arthritis. In CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 was found to be elevated in joint tissues, and the blockade of TGF-β1 using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies restored arthritis. The administration of recombinant TGF-β1 into C57BL/6 mice reduced joint inflammation. Moreover, the adoptive transfer of NKT cells into CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice restored arthritis and reduced TGF-β1 production. In vitro assay demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were involved in suppressing TGF-β1 production in joint cells. The adoptive transfer of NKT cells from IL-4<SUP>−/−</SUP> or IFN-γ<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice did not reverse arthritis and TGF-β1 production in CD1d<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. In conclusion, NKT cells producing IL-4 and IFN-γ play a role in immune complex–induced joint inflammation by regulating TGF-β1.</P>