Helen Maria Williams’s Love of England in A Farewell, for Two Years, to England

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 한국현대영어영문학회 2021 현대영어영문학 Vol.65 No.3

After publishing her Letters Written in France (1790), Helen Maria Williams planned to travel to France again, for two years. Given the timing of her proposed trip, in a period when England had increasing concerns about, and was generally hostile to, the situation in France, she would have been keenly aware of the risks involved in a two-year trip there. Coupled with her support for the French Revolution, her long stay in France would have increased suspicions about her loyalty to England. This essay argues that Williams uses her poem A Farewell, for Two Years, to England (1791) to demonstrate her love of England and, at the same time, to defend herself against the criticisms of her sympathy for French liberty. This essay examines what makes Williams compose a poem before her trip to France by describing the changing social context of that period. By exploring Anna Seward’s shifting responses to the events in France and studying a review in the Gentleman’s Magazine of Letters, this paper reveals the criticisms that Williams would have faced. It then examines her strategies to demonstrate her loyalty to England and, at the same time, to present her support of French liberty in the poem. (Dongguk University)

Female Victims of the Terror in Williams’s Fifth Volume of Letters

( Kim¸ Jihee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2021 영어권문화연구 Vol.14 No.2

This paper discusses the ways in which Helen Maria Williams represents female victims to criticise the Reign of Terror in her fifth volume of Letters. In accordance with the decree by the French National Convention, she was imprisoned for two months between October and November 1793 and was released in late November. To avoid another arrest for her connection with the Girondins, she departed to Switzerland in June 1794. In this volume, she narrates what she has been through during the Terror, representing herself as a victim of the Terror. Her accounts of arrest and exile vividly present her feelings when she was taken from her domestic space and forced apart from her family. As a survivor of the Terror, she also tells stories of other victims: Charlotte Corday and Madame Roland, who were guillotined. These women were accused of lacking femininity and abandoning their domestic roles. To rebut the accusations against them, Williams provides different representations of them using several sources, including her first-hand accounts and Roland’s own testimony. Through the stories of the female victims, Williams uses the fifth volume of Letters as evidence of the oppression of the Terror.

An affair of the heart: Sensibility, Revolution, Gender in Letters Written in France

( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

Helen Maria Williams, one of the early romantic women writers, was a controversial figure of her age on the account of her being pro-French Revolution. Her support for the French Revolution is well expressed in Letters from France which were published in eight volumes between 1790 and 1796. Among them, I will focus on the first of volume of the Letters. This paper will explore why Williams used sensibility in her Letters (1790) and how she shows the sensibility with the political point of views in the epistolary form and the Memoir of Mos. and Madam Duf ―. Sensibility in Letters seems to be one of the ways to avoid critical remarks about female political prose. Williams would also use sensibility in Letters to accept her idea easily. In addition, the epistolary form assists Williams in expressing her political point of views with sensibility well in Letters and allows her to express her feelings freely and frankly. She can effectively persuade readers to sympathise with her feelings in the epistolary form. The other strategy enables Williams to show her sensibility with the political standpoint is the Memoir of Mons And Madam Duf - in later chapters of the Letters. The memoir is seemingly the love story but there is the contrast between the despotic government and the new government and the process of the revolution behind the romantic story. It is a sentimental story for covering Williams' political voice well. Williams's sentimental strategy looked to be a huge success before the revolution became violent. She expressed her political points of view with sensibility which could be the bulwark of her defence.

Wealth had done wonder-taste not much : Fascination and Denigration of the East in Don Juan (Canto V)

( Kim¸ Ji Hee ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.1

Byron was different from most of his fellow contemporary writers who wrote about the East because his writings were not totally dependent on his imagination or written texts. He experienced Eastern culture first hand and had several different perspectives of the East. However, like other writers, Byron was still unable to free himself from Western point of views. This paper explores Byron's fascination with the East and the limitation of his perspective. The Seraglio in Don Juan was portrayed in detail as a magnificent and luxurious place. He simultaneously described the people who Juan met in the Seraglio. Byron also located a man in the harem as a slave and took everything Juan had. Juan, having been subordinated, was in an unusual position for a European. However, he could not go beyond the bounds of European convention in Don Juan. The description of Eastern places implies an awareness of superiority of Western culture. It seems to focus on material abundance although the palace was portrayed in detail. Byron described Oriental characters as negative and simple. There is an enlightenment mechanism to one of the characters in Don Juan, Gulbeyaz. Even though Byron had Eurocentric values, he clearly possessed a more positive attitude toward the East. His ambivalent attitude toward the East would be a great topic to further explore in researching Orientalism.

Enhanced barrier functions and anti-inflammatory effect of cultured coconut extract on human skin

Kim, Soomin,Jang, Ji Eun,Kim, Jihee,Lee, Young In,Lee, Dong Won,Song, Seung Yong,Lee, Ju Hee Pergamon 2017 Food and Chemical Toxicology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Natural plant oils have been used as a translational alternative to modern medicine. Particularly, virgin coconut oil (VCO) has gained popularity because of its potential benefits in pharmaceutical, nutritional, and cosmetic applications. Cultured coconut extract (CCE) is an alternative end product of VCO, which undergoes a further bacterial fermentation process. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CCE on human skin. We analyzed the expression of skin barrier molecules and collagens after applying CCE on human explanted skin. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of CCE, the expression of inflammatory markers was analyzed after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation. The CCE-treated group showed increased expression of cornified cell envelope components, which contribute to protective barrier functions of the stratum corneum. Further, the expression of inflammatory markers was lower in the CCE-treated group after exposure to UVB radiation. These results suggest an anti-inflammatory effect of CCE against UVB irradiation-induced inflammation. Additionally, the CCE-treated group showed increased collagen and hyaluronan synthase-3 expression. In our study, CCE showed a barrier-enhancing effect and anti-inflammatory properties against <I>ex vivo</I> UVB irradiation-induced inflammation. The promising effect of CCE may be attributed to its high levels of polyphenols and fatty acid components.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cultured coconut oil extract (CCE) is a novel product of virgin coconut oil (VCO), which undergoes fermentation process. </LI> <LI> In vitro study showed increased expression of cornified cell envelope components on CCE treated group. </LI> <LI> CCE has anti-inflammatory components that can prevent the UVB-induced increase in the expression of inflammatory markers. </LI> </UL> </P>

Beverage consumption among Korean adolescents

Jihee Kim,Sungha Yun,Kyungwon Oh 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and obesity is universally a controversial issue. This study was undertaken to examine the beverage consumption pattern of Korean adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data was collected from the 2016 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey involving 65,528 adolescent respondents. A list of the most frequently consumed beverages was analyzed, and the consumption frequency of carbonated beverages, SSBs, and energy drinks during the past seven-days was assessed. The main reasons for the adolescents to consume the beverages were also determined. RESULTS: The beverage preference of adolescents were carbonated beverages (31.0%), ‘fruit and vegetable beverages (17.7%)", ‘milk (13.6%)", and ‘coffee (12.7%)". Carbonated beverages and SSBs were consumed more than three times a week by 27.1% and 41.1% of the respondents, respectively. About 86.2% of adolescents did not take of any energy drinks during the last seven-days. Taste was the most common reason that adolescents considered when choosing a drink. Carbonated beverages consumed more frequently by boys than girls, and high school students drank coffee more frequently than middle school students. CONCLUSIONS: Boys had a higher preference for unhealthy beverages than girls, whereas consumption of high-caffeine drinks was greater amongst high-school students than middle school students.

Visualization of temperature elevation due to focused ultrasound generated by tone burst wave

Kim, Jungsoon,Jung, Jihee,Kim, Moojoon,Ha, Kanglyeol Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2014 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.

Acidic Amino Acid Residues in the Juxtamembrane Region of the Nucleotide-Sensing TLRs Are Important for UNC93B1 Binding and Signaling

Kim, Jihee,Huh, Jiwon,Hwang, Misun,Kwon, Eun-Hye,Jung, Da-Jung,Brinkmann, Melanie M.,Jang, Myoung Ho,Ploegh, Hidde L.,Kim, You-Me The American Association of Immunologists, Inc. 2013 JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY Vol.190 No.10

<P>TLRs are divided into two groups based on their subcellular localization patterns. TLR1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are expressed on the cell surface, whereas the nucleotide-sensing TLRs, such as TLR3, 7, 8, and 9 stay mainly inside cells. The polytopic membrane protein UNC93B1 physically interacts with the nucleotide-sensing TLRs and delivers them from the endoplasmic reticulum to endolysosomes, where the TLRs recognize their ligands and initiate signaling. In cells with nonfunctional UNC93B1, the nucleic acid–sensing TLRs fail to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and consequently do not signal. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms that underlie the UNC93B1-mediated TLR trafficking remain to be clarified. All nucleotide-sensing TLRs contain acidic amino acid residues in the juxtamembrane region between the leucine-rich repeat domain and the transmembrane segment. We show that the D812 and E813 residues of TLR9 and the D699 and E704 residues of TLR3 help to determine the interaction of these TLRs with UNC93B1. Mutation of the acidic residues in TLR3 and TLR9 prevents UNC93B1 binding, as well as impairs TLR trafficking and renders the mutant receptors incapable of transmitting signals. Therefore, the acidic residues in the juxtamembrane region of the nucleotide-sensing TLRs have important functional roles.</P>

Updated Comparison Study of Extensive Air Shower Simulations with COSMOS and CORSIKA

Jihee Kim,Soonyoung Roh,Dongsu Ryu 한국천문학회 2011 天文學會報 Vol.36 No.2

Experimental analysis of temperature elevation in ultrasonic beam from circular piston

Kim, Jungsoon,Jung, Jihee,Kim, Moojoon,Ha, Kanglyeol Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2014 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol. No.