Occurrences of Two Spotted Mites, Tetranychus urticae as a New Major Pest in Persimmon Orchards and Their Chemical Control

Bu-Keun Chung,Mitsuhiro Kawashima,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.05

As suggested by Kawashima (2006), the most abundant Tetranychidae was Tetranychus sp. as a pest in persimmon orchards. The observatory orchards were selected 16 in total, 2 from Gurye, 2 from Gwangyang, and 2 from Suncheon in Jeonnam Province and 3 from Jinju, 4 from Sacheon, and 3 from Sancheong in Gyeongnam Province. Number of mites in 100 persimmon leaves were observed from each orchards nearly every ten days. Careful rearing of the mites sample collected from the four observaory persimmon fields at which the mite had occurred the most seriously among 16 fields and results from taxanomical identification process indicated that the species was identified Tetranychus urticae. Maximum number of T. urticae reached to 436 on 27 June at Jeongdong, Sacheon, 108 on 1 August at Sinann, Sancheong, 406 on 26 June Okgok, Gwangyang, and 509 on 15 June Muncheok, Gurye. When the number reached to more than 400 mites, the persimmon leaves changed from clear yellow dots, to pale yellow, and to grey in the backside. An experiment was conducted to control T. urticae and to select highly active miticide in persimmon orchards in Jinju and Sacheon. Spiromesifen 20SC and acequinosyl 15 SC were effective.

Mental Exercises for Cognitive Function: Clinical Evidence

Kawashima, Ryuta The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine 2013 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.46 No.suppl

The purpose of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of a new cognitive intervention program designed for the care and prevention of dementia, namely Learning Therapy. The training program used systematized basic problems in arithmetic and Japanese language as training tasks. In study 1, 16 individuals in the experimental group and 16 in the control group were recruited from a nursing home. In both groups, all individuals were clinically diagnosed with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. In study 2, we performed a single-blind, randomized controlled trial in our cognitive intervention program of 124 community-dwelling seniors. In both studies, the daily training program using reading and arithmetic tasks was carried out approximately 5 days a week, for 15 to 20 minutes a day in the intervention groups. Neuropsychological measures were determined simultaneously in the groups both prior to and after six months of the intervention. The results of our investigations indicate that our cognitive intervention using reading and arithmetic problems demonstrated a transfer effect and they provide convincing evidence that cognitive training maintains and improves the cognitive functions of dementia patients and healthy seniors.

Development of spherical crystallization technique and its application to pharmaceutical systems

Kawashima, Yoshiaki The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1984 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.7 No.2

A novel agglomeration technique, termed "Spherical Crystallization Process", which can transform directly the fine crystals produced in the crystallization or the reaction process into a spherical shape was developed. By this technique, needle like crystals such as salicylic acid were transformed into free flowing and directly compressible agglomerates. Sphericaly agglomerated aminophyline crystals were obtained directly from the reaction system, which could reduce the preparation processes, e. g. synthesis, crystallization and agglomeration, into only one step. Sodium theophyline monohydrate agglomerates were prepared by salting out, the rate process of which was described by a first order kinetics. Agglomerated crystals of ndw complex of indo-methacin-mepirizole were prepare with this technique; an improved therapeutic effect of the resultant crystals was expected. expected.

The Three Phases Of Japan-China Joint-History Research: What Was The Challenge?

( Kawashima Shin ) 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2010 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.34 No.4

In 2006 the Japanese and Chinese governments initiated a joint historical project to promote mutual understanding of World War II history. The primary purpose was to depoliticize the issue of historical recognition, and to promote mutual understanding in the spirit of "agree to disagree." It can be said that both sides ultimately succeeded in this point. Yet the project remains incomplete, since the third stage of the research requires both sides to discuss and release research findings to the public. The Chinese government has consistently avoided doing so. As an outside contributor to this joint research, the author introduces how this intergovernmental history project was created and implemented at three levels-that of historians, then governments, and finally the media. New problems were created because of gaps in understanding between the Chinese and Japanese sides as well as communication problems at all three levels. One conclusion is that intergovernmental joint research may harden the shells of both sides` national histories in the end, making it necessary to encourage private institutions to conduct research on historical recognition in the future.

Stepwise <i>vs.</i> concerted pathways in scandium ion-coupled electron transfer from superoxide ion to <i>p</i>-benzoquinone derivatives

Kawashima, Tomonori,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.13 No.8

<P>Superoxide ion (O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>) forms a stable 1 : 1 complex with scandium hexamethylphosphoric triamide complex [Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>], which can be detected in solution by ESR spectroscopy. Electron transfer from O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>–Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> complex to a series of <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives occurs, accompanied by binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to the corresponding semiquinoneradical anion complex to produce the semiquinone radical anion-Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> complexes. The 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes between semiquinoneradical anions and Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> depending on the type of semiquinoneradical anions were detected by ESR measurements. This is defined as Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>-coupled electron transfer. There are two reaction pathways in the Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>-coupled electron transfer. One is a stepwise pathway in which the binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to semiquinoneradical anions occurs after the electron transfer, when the rate of electron transfer remains constant with the change in concentration of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP>. The other is a concerted pathway in which electron transfer and the binding of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> occurs in a concerted manner, when the rates of electron transfer exhibit first-order and second-order dependence on the concentration of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> depending the number of Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> (one and two) bound to semiquinoneradical anions. The contribution of two pathways changes depending on the substituents on <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives. The present study provides the first example to clarify the kinetics and mechanism of metal ion-coupled electron-transfer reactions of the superoxide ion.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Electron transfer from O<SUB>2</SUB>&z.rad;<SUP>−</SUP>–Sc(HMPA)<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3+</SUP> to a series of <I>p</I>-benzoquinone derivatives occurs <I>via</I> concerted and stepwise pathways. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00916d'> </P>

Matching Diffuser Vane with Return Vane Installed in Multistage Centrifugal Pump

Kawashima, Daisuke,Kanemoto, Toshiaki,Sakoda, Kazuyuki,Wada, Akihiro,Hara, Takashi Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2008 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.1 No.1

The effects of the diffuser vane on the performances of the multistage centrifugal pump were investigated experimentally, taking account of the interactions among the diffuser vane, the return vane, and the next stage impeller. It is very important to match well the diffuser vane with the return vane, for improving the hydraulic efficiency of the pump. The efficiency may be more improved by making the cross-sectional area of the channel from the diffuser vane outlet to the return vane inlet larger, as much as possible.

Feeding Value of Sugarcane Stalk for Cattle

Kawashima, T.,Sumamal, W.,Pholsen, P.,Chaithiang, R.,Boonpakdee, W.,Kurihara, M.,Shibata, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.1

A metabolism trial with four castrated male Brahman cattle, average body weight 320 kg, was conducted in order to determine the nutritive value of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) for the establishment of feeding strategy in the dry season in Northeast Thailand. Animals were subjected to the following four dietary treatments: Treatment 1; 100% of CSS, Treatment 2; 70% of CSS and 30% of commercial complete feed (TMR), Treatment 3; 40% of CSS and 60% of TMR, and Treatment 4; 100% of TMR. The average CP, ether extracts, nitrogen free extracts, crude fiber and ash contents of CSS were 2.0, 0.9, 79.0, 16.1 and 2.2%, respectively. Although the amount of feed given was approximately at maintenance level, animals in treatments 1 and 2 refused a part of feed. The metabolism trial revealed that total digestible nutrient and metabolizable energy contents of CSS were 61.5% and 9.04 MJ/kgDM, respectively, when it was properly supplemented with protein sources. Nutritive value of CSS was lowered when animals were given CSS solely. This was due to the large loss of energy into urine and methane. Voluntary intake of CSS in cattle was not enough to satisfy energy requirement for maintenance. The CSS can be used as a roughage for feeding cattle in the dry season with proper supplementation of protein and energy.

Photoinduced DNA cleavage by formation of ROS from oxygen with a neurotransmitter and aromatic amino acids

Kawashima, Tomonori,Ohkubo, Kei,Fukuzumi, Shunichi Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Organic & biomolecular chemistry Vol.8 No.5

<P>UV-B photoirradiation of a neurotransmitter (serotonin) and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan and tyrosine) with oxygen results in DNA cleavage by generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis with pBR 322 DNA, ESR and laser flash photolysis measurements.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>UV-B photoirradiation of serotonin, tryptophan and tyrosine with oxygen results in DNA cleavage by generation of reactive oxygen species as demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis with pBR 322 DNA. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b924560j'> </P>

Artificial ground shelters for overwintering phytoseiid mites in orchards

Kawashima, Mitsuhiro,Jung, Chuleui Springer-Verlag 2010 Experimental & applied acarology Vol.52 No.1

The Use of Sugarcane Stalk for Feeding Lactating Cows

Kawashima, T.,Sumamal, W.,Pholsen, P.,Chaithiang, R.,Boonpakdee, W. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.2

The use of chopped sugarcane stalk (CSS) as a roughage for lactating cows was examined using four Holstein crossbred cows in a private dairy farm in Khon Kaen, Thailand, in comparison with rice straw (RS), which is the conventional roughage in the dry season in the region. Cows were subjected to the following two dietary treatments: Diet 1) RS with commercial concentrate feed, and Diet 2) CSS and RS with commercial concentrate feed. The diet was switched over every 3 weeks. The amount of concentrate was determined by the experience of the owner of the cows. RS and CSS were given ad libitum. There was no difference in milk production between two groups, although the total DMI was less in cows fed CSS. Solid-not-fat (SNF) content in milk was significantly higher in the cows given CSS. The NEFA content was significantly lower in the animals given CSS, which suggested that cows given only RS as roughage would be suffering from energy malnutrition. Therefore, it was considered that CSS feeding improved energy supply, which resulted in higher SNF in milk. In the nutritional point of view, the present study clearly showed CSS can be used as a roughage for dairy cows in the dry season.