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Worldsheet analysis of gauge/gravity dualities
Azeyanagi, Tatsuo,Hanada, Masanori,Kawai, Hikaru,Matsuo, Yoshinori Elsevier 2009 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol. No.
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Gauge/gravity dualities are investigated from the worldsheet point of view. In [H. Kawai, T. Suyama, AdS/CFT correspondence as a consequence of scale invariance, Nucl. Phys. B 789 (2008) 209, arXiv:0706.1163 [hep-th]; H. Kawai, T. Suyama, Some implications of perturbative approach to AdS/CFT correspondence, Nucl. Phys. B 794 (2008) 1, arXiv:0708.2463 [hep-th]], a duality between 4d SYM and supergravity on <SUB>AdS5</SUB>×<SUP>S5</SUP> has been partly explained by using an anisotropic scale invariance of worldsheet theory. In this paper, we refine the argument and generalize it to lower dimensional cases. We show the correspondence between the Wilson loops in (p+1)-d SYM and the minimal surface in the black <I>p</I>-brane background. Although the scale invariance does not exist in these cases, the generalized scale transformation can be utilized. We also find that the energy density of open strings can be related to the ADM mass of the <I>p</I>-brane without relying on this symmetry.</P>
Kawai, Y,Osawa, T,Kobayashi, K,Inoue, R,Yamamoto, Y,Matsumoto, H,Nagao, K,Hara, T,Sakano, S,Nagamori, S,Matsuyama, H Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.14
Background: Factors predictive of survival have been identified in Western patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC) treated with sunitinib. Less is known, however, about factors predictive of survival in Japanese patients. This study evaluated factors prognostic of survival in Japanese patients with mCCRCC treated with first-line sunitinib. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 46 consecutive Japanese mCCRCC patients treated with sunitinib as first line therapy. Clinical and biochemical markers associated with progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed, with prognostic factors selected by uniand multivariate Cox regression analyses. Results: Univariate analysis showed that factors significantly associated with poor PFS included Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center poor risk scores, International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium poor risk and high (>0.5 mg/dl) serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (p<0.001 each). Multivariate analysis showed that high serum CRP was independently associated with poorer PFS (p=0.040). Six month disease control rate (complete response, partial response and stable disease) in response to sunitinib was significantly higher in patients with normal (${\leq}0.5mg/dl$) than elevated baseline CRP (p<0.001). Conclusions: CRP is a significant independent predictor of PFS for Japanese patients with mCCRCC treated with first-line sunitinib. Pretreatment CRP concentration may be a useful biomarker predicting response to sunitinib treatment.
Kawai, Kiyohiko,Kodera, Haruka,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.40
<P>By decreasing the HOMO energy gap between the base-pairs to increase the charge conductivity of DNA, the positive charge photochemically generated in DNA can be made to migrate along the π-way of DNA over long distances to form a long-lived charge-separated state. By fine-tuning the kinetics of the charge-transfer reactions, we designed a functionalized DNA system in which absorbed photon energy is converted into chemical energy to form I−I covalent bonds, where more than 100 I<SUB>2</SUB> molecules were produced per functionalized DNA. Utilizing the fact that charge-transfer kinetics through DNA is sensitive to the presence of a single mismatch that causes the perturbation of the π-stacks, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genomic sequences were detected by measuring the photon energy conversion efficiency in DNA by a conventional starch iodine method.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-40/ja105850d/production/images/medium/ja-2010-05850d_0001.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja105850d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Ergonomic Approaches to Content Creation for 3D Displays
Kawai, Takashi,Kishi, Shinsuke,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Yamazoe, Takashi,Shibata, Takashi,Inoue, Tetsuri,Sakaguchi, Yusuke,Okabe, Kazushige,Yasuhiro, Kuno The Korean Infomation Display Society 2007 Journal of information display Vol.8 No.1
This paper presents ergonomic approaches to editing and evaluating content for 3D displays. Two systems, a nonlinear editing system and an evaluation system, were developed to improve viewing safety and comfort for 3D content observers and provide better usability for the creators from the viewpoint of ergonomics.
Reheating of the Universe as holographic thermalization
Kawai, S.,Nakayama, Y. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.759 No.-
<P>Assuming gauge/gravity correspondence we study reheating of the Universe using its holographic dual. Inflaton decay and thermalisation of the decay products correspond to collapse of a spherical shell and formation of a blackhole in the dual anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The reheating temperature is computed as the Hawking temperature of the developed blackhole probed by a dynamical boundary, and is determined by the inflaton energy density and the AdS radius, with corrections from the dynamics of the shell collapse. For given initial energy density of the inflaton field the holographic model typically gives lower reheating temperature than the instant reheating scenario, while it is shown to be safely within phenomenological bounds. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).</P>
Long-Range Charge Transfer through DNA by Replacing Adenine with Diaminopurine
Kawai, Kiyohiko,Kodera, Haruka,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.2
<P>A positive charge migrates along DNA mainly via a series of short-range charge transfer (CT) processes between G-C base pairs, which have relatively high HOMO levels. As such, the CT efficiency sharply decreases with the insertion of A-T base pairs between the G-C base pairs. We have previously demonstrated that the CT efficiency through DNA can be dramatically increased by using deazaadenine (Z), an analogue of A, to adjust the HOMO levels of the A-T base pairs closer to those of the G-C base pairs (<I>Nat. Chem.</I> <B>2009</B>, <I>1</I>, 156). In the present study, we have expanded this approach to show that the CT efficiency can also be increased by replacing A bases with diaminopurine (D).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-2/ja907409z/production/images/medium/ja-2009-07409z_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja907409z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>