An Aeration Control for Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes (SICE-ICCAS 2006)

Fukiko Kawai1,Chikashi Nakazawa,Yoshikazu Fukuyama,Takashi Ueno 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.10

Worldsheet analysis of gauge/gravity dualities

Azeyanagi, Tatsuo,Hanada, Masanori,Kawai, Hikaru,Matsuo, Yoshinori Elsevier 2009 Nuclear Physics, Section B Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Gauge/gravity dualities are investigated from the worldsheet point of view. In [H. Kawai, T. Suyama, AdS/CFT correspondence as a consequence of scale invariance, Nucl. Phys. B 789 (2008) 209, arXiv:0706.1163 [hep-th]; H. Kawai, T. Suyama, Some implications of perturbative approach to AdS/CFT correspondence, Nucl. Phys. B 794 (2008) 1, arXiv:0708.2463 [hep-th]], a duality between 4d SYM and supergravity on <SUB>AdS5</SUB>×<SUP>S5</SUP> has been partly explained by using an anisotropic scale invariance of worldsheet theory. In this paper, we refine the argument and generalize it to lower dimensional cases. We show the correspondence between the Wilson loops in (p+1)-d SYM and the minimal surface in the black <I>p</I>-brane background. Although the scale invariance does not exist in these cases, the generalized scale transformation can be utilized. We also find that the energy density of open strings can be related to the ADM mass of the <I>p</I>-brane without relying on this symmetry.</P>

비대칭 다공성 폴리(카르보벤족시-L-리신)막의 제조, 평가 및 기체투과

Kawai Tohru,Lee Young Moo,Fujita Hiroshi 한국막학회 1996 멤브레인 Vol.6 No.2

질소가스에 대한 헬륨가스의 선택도가 매우 높은 poly(carbobenzoxy-L-lysin)(PCLL)로 제조된 균일막의 투과도를 증가시키기 위해서 디옥산과 DMF의 20% 용액을 이용하여 캐스팅법으로 비대칭 다공성막을 제조하였다. 이 막에 대해서 표면에서의 공극의 수와 공극크기의 분포를 측정하였으며, 표면층의 두께는 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경을 이용하여 측정하였다. 평균공극크기와 평균공극밀도는 DMF용액보다 디옥산용액으로 제조한 경우 더 낮은 값을 나타내었으며, 어느 비대칭 다공성막에 있어서 공극의 형성메카니즘으로 설명할 수 있다. 투과계수는 표면층을 통한 점성흐름으로 어느 정도 설명될 수 있으나, 선택도는 점성흐름의 이론과 대치되었다. In order to improve the permeability of the homogenous membrane of poly(carbobenzoxy-L-lysin)(PCLL), which has very high selectivity of helium gas to nitrogen gas, asymmetric porous membranes of PCLL were prepared by casting from 20% solutions in dioxane and dimethylformamide(DMF), respectively. The membranes were characterized by measuring the number of the pores, the pore size distribution of the surface(the skin layer) and the thickness of the skin layer by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The mean pore size and the pore density were lower for the membrane cast from dioxane than that from DMF, which was explained by the mechanism of the formation of the pores in the asymmetric porous membrane. The permeability coefficient observed could be roughly explained by the viscous flow through the skin layer. However, the selectivity observed was against the theory of the viscous flow.

Probing the Charge-Transfer Dynamics in DNA at the Single-Molecule Level

Kawai, Kiyohiko,Matsutani, Eri,Maruyama, Atsushi,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.39

<P>Photoinduced charge-transfer fluorescence quenching of a fluorescent dye produces the nonemissive charge-separated state, and subsequent charge recombination makes the reaction reversible. While the information available from the photoinduced charge-transfer process provides the basis for monitoring the microenvironment around the fluorescent dyes and such monitoring is particularly important in live-cell imaging and DNA diagnosis, the information obtainable from the charge recombination process is usually overlooked. When looking at fluorescence emitted from each single fluorescent dye, photoinduced charge-transfer, charge-migration, and charge recombination cause a “blinking” of the fluorescence, in which the charge-recombination rate or the lifetime of the charge-separated state (τ) is supposed to be reflected in the duration of the off time during the single-molecule-level fluorescence measurement. Herein, based on our recently developed method for the direct observation of charge migration in DNA, we utilized DNA as a platform for spectroscopic investigations of charge-recombination dynamics for several fluorescent dyes: TAMRA, ATTO 655, and Alexa 532, which are used in single-molecule fluorescence measurements. Charge recombination dynamics were observed by transient absorption measurements, demonstrating that these fluorescent dyes can be used to monitor the charge-separation and charge-recombination events. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) of ATTO 655 modified DNA allowed the successful measurement of the charge-recombination dynamics in DNA at the single-molecule level. Utilizing the injected charge just like a pulse of sound, such as a “ping” in active sonar systems, information about the DNA sequence surrounding the fluorescent dye was read out by measuring the time it takes for the charge to return.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2011/jacsat.2011.133.issue-39/ja206325m/production/images/medium/ja-2011-06325m_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja206325m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Reheating of the Universe as holographic thermalization

Kawai, S.,Nakayama, Y. North-Holland Pub. Co 2016 Physics letters. Section B Vol.759 No.-

<P>Assuming gauge/gravity correspondence we study reheating of the Universe using its holographic dual. Inflaton decay and thermalisation of the decay products correspond to collapse of a spherical shell and formation of a blackhole in the dual anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. The reheating temperature is computed as the Hawking temperature of the developed blackhole probed by a dynamical boundary, and is determined by the inflaton energy density and the AdS radius, with corrections from the dynamics of the shell collapse. For given initial energy density of the inflaton field the holographic model typically gives lower reheating temperature than the instant reheating scenario, while it is shown to be safely within phenomenological bounds. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP(3).</P>

Gauss–Bonnet Chern–Simons gravitational wave leptogenesis

Kawai, Shinsuke,Kim, Jinsu North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.789 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The gravitational Chern–Simons term coupled to an evolving axion is known to generate lepton number through the gravitational anomaly. We examine this leptogenesis scenario in the presence of the Gauss–Bonnet term over and above the gravitational Chern–Simons term. We find that the lepton production can be exponentially enhanced. The Gauss–Bonnet term creates CP-violating instability of gravitational waves that may appear transiently after inflation, and during the period of instability elliptically polarized gravitational waves are exponentially amplified at sub-horizon scales. This instability does not affect the spectrum of the cosmic microwave background as it occurs at much shorter length scales. In a typical scenario based on <I>natural inflation</I>, the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe corresponds to the UV cutoff scale at <SUP> 10 14 – 16 </SUP> GeV.</P>

Testing supersymmetric Higgs inflation with non-Gaussianity

Kawai, Shinsuke,Kim, Jinsu American Physical Society 2015 PHYSICAL REVIEW D - Vol.91 No.4

Long-Range Charge Transfer through DNA by Replacing Adenine with Diaminopurine

Kawai, Kiyohiko,Kodera, Haruka,Majima, Tetsuro American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.2

<P>A positive charge migrates along DNA mainly via a series of short-range charge transfer (CT) processes between G-C base pairs, which have relatively high HOMO levels. As such, the CT efficiency sharply decreases with the insertion of A-T base pairs between the G-C base pairs. We have previously demonstrated that the CT efficiency through DNA can be dramatically increased by using deazaadenine (Z), an analogue of A, to adjust the HOMO levels of the A-T base pairs closer to those of the G-C base pairs (<I>Nat. Chem.</I> <B>2009</B>, <I>1</I>, 156). In the present study, we have expanded this approach to show that the CT efficiency can also be increased by replacing A bases with diaminopurine (D).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-2/ja907409z/production/images/medium/ja-2009-07409z_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja907409z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Contemporary Issues of Human Resource Management : Relational Demography and Perceptual Congruence in Multicultural Workforce: A Study in Macau

( Kawai Anita Chan ) 한국행정학회 2003 Bulletins et mémoires de la Societe d'Anthropologi Vol.2003 No.-

Osteoinductive Activity of BMP-Metal Composite Material

Kawai T,Hayashi H,Tsuruta S,Taniyama M,Hamajima S,Sato Y,Kobayashi S,Ohno Y,Uematsu Y 대한치과재료학회 2011 대한치과기재학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5