Rapid injuries of high temperature in plants

Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Balraj Kaur,Bavita Asthir,Shashi Bala,Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Muhammad Farooq 한국식물학회 2017 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.60 No.4

Global climate changes particularly high temperature is predicted to have a general negative effect on plant growth and development, that might lead to catastrophic loss of crop productivity. High temperature has a wide range of effect on plant in terms of plant physiological, biochemical processes such as photosynthesis, respiration water relations, and gene regulatory pathways. The injury inflicted on plant tissues under such extremes weakens the cell membrane, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that attacks major sites i.e photosynthetic apparatus, the photosystems, mainly photosystem II (PSII) and the respiratory pathways. To cope with rising temperature conditions, plants possess a number of adaptive, avoidance, or acclimation mechanisms. In addition to major tolerance mechanisms, plants also employ ion transporters, proteins, osmoprotectants, antioxidants and many other factors involved in signaling cascades and transcriptional control that are activated to offset stress-induced biochemical and physiological alterations. This article reviews the recent findings on high temperature induced injuries and responses at the cellular, organellar and whole plant levels.

Optimization of Carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis

Gurpreet Kaur Chandi,Sumeet Pal Singh,Balmeet Singh Gill,Dalbir Singh Sogi,Prabhjot Singh 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.4

Response surface methodology was applied to maximize the yield and productivity of carotenoids by Rhodotorula glutinis strain 1151 using supplemented tomato waste based medium. Higher concentration of tomato waste extract and yeast extract favored the production of carotenoids. In contrast to carotenogenesis higher concentration of yeast extract negatively affected the formation of biomass whereas higher amount of glucose in the medium favored biomass indicating that carotenogenesis is not correlated to biomass. The optimal concentration of medium components for maximum total carotenoids and corresponding biomass production as obtained from model were calculated to be as 660 mL/L,1.5, 4.5, 7.4, and 10 g/L for tomato extract, malt extract,yeast extract, peptone, and glucose, respectively.

Feminist collaboration(s) and affect: Work with pastoral women

Kaur Gurpreet,Prateek,Pawar Saee 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2023 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.29 No.3

This paper is based on an exploratory research study, “Understanding Pastoral Women's Work,” which attempts to make visible the embodied and lived experiences of pastoral women and their work in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh. In understanding the lifeworld of pastoral women, this paper delves deeper into the processes of doing research through a collaborative and feminist methodology. We have attempted to revisit questions around the complex relationship between research and activism by unpacking nuances of working closely and collaboratively with an activist from the pastoral community in the course of doing this research. In unpacking this collaboration, we have also addressed involvement of pastoral women themselves and its effect on the research process as well as on us. This paper tries to open up the question of feminist collaborative methodologies and reflects on one of the ways of practicing it.

PARTIAL SUMS AND INCLUSION RELATIONS FOR STARLIKE FUNCTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH AN EVOLUTE OF A NEPHROID CURVE

Gurpreet Kaur,Sumit Nagpal 대한수학회 2023 대한수학회보 Vol.60 No.6

A class of normalized univalent functions $f$ defined in an open unit disk of the complex plane is introduced and studied such that the values of the quantity $zf'(z)/f(z)$ lies inside the evolute of a nephroid curve. The inclusion relations of the newly defined class with other subclasses of starlike functions and radius problems concerning the second partial sums are investigated. All the obtained results are sharp.

Chitinolytic and Chitosanolytic Activities from Crude Cellulase Extract Produced by A. niger Grown on Apple Pomace Through Koji Fermentation

( Gurpreet Singh Dhillon ),( Satinder Kaur Brar ),( Surinder Kaur ),( Jose R. Valero ),( Mausam Verma ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.12

Enzyme extracts of cellulase [filter paper cellulase (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase)], chitinase, and chitosanase produced by Aspergillus niger NRRL-567 were evaluated. The interactive effects of initial moisture and different inducers for FP cellulase and CMCase production were optimized using response surface methodology. Higher enzyme activities [FPase 79.24± 4.22 IU/gram fermented substrate (gfs) and CMCase 124.04±7.78 IU/gfs] were achieved after 48 h fermentation in solid-state medium containing apple pomace supplemented with rice husk [1% (w/w)] under optimized conditions [pH 4.5, moisture 55% (v/w), and inducers veratryl alcohol (2 mM/kg), copper sulfate (1.5 mM/kg), and lactose 2% (w/w)] (p<0.05). Koji fermentation in trays was carried out and higher enzyme activities (FPase 96.67±4.18 IU/gfs and CMCase 146.50±11.92 IU/gfs) were achieved. The nonspecific chitinase and chitosanase activities of cellulase enzyme extract were analyzed using chitin and chitosan substrates with different physicochemical characteristics, such as degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, and viscosity. Higher chitinase and chitosanase activities of 70.28±3.34 IU/gfs and 60.18±3.82 to 64.20±4.12 IU/gfs, respectively, were achieved. Moreover, the enzyme was stable and retained 92-94% activity even after one month. Cellulase enzyme extract obtained from A. niger with chitinolytic and chitosanolytic activities could be potentially used for making low-molecular-weight chitin and chitosan oligomers, having promising applications in biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and agricultural industries, and in biocontrol formulations.

ON PARTIAL SOLUTIONS TO CONJECTURES FOR RADIUS PROBLEMS INVOLVING LEMNISCATE OF BERNOULLI

Gurpreet Kaur The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2023 한국수학논문집 Vol.31 No.4

Given a function f analytic in open disk centred at origin of radius unity and satisfying the condition |f(z)/g(z) - 1| < 1 for a analytic function g with certain prescribed conditions in the unit disk, radii constants R are determined for the values of Rzf'(Rz)/f(Rz) to lie inside the domain enclosed by the curve |w² - 1| = 1 (lemniscate of Bernoulli). This, in turn, provides a partial solution to the conjectures and problems for determination of sharp bounds R for such functions f.

Scopoletin Improves Glucose Homeostasis in the High-Fructose High-Fat Diet–Induced Diabetes Model in Wistar Rats

Gurpreet Kaur Batra,Aishwarya Anand,Swati Sharma,Sheetal Sharma,Shobhit Bhansali,Amol N. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.4

Antihyperglycemic action of scopoletin needs to be validated before considering it for clinical trials. The present study explored antihyperglycemic action of scopoletin in high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD)–induced diabetes in rats. The animal study was performed using 48 rats, 6 in each group. HFHFD was administered for model induction for 74 days. Rats in Group I (normal control [NC]) and group II (experimental control [EC]) received normal saline and HFHFD, respectively, throughout the study. Groups III, IV, V, and VI received oral scopoletin (1 mg/kg [low dose, LD], 5 mg/kg [medium dose, MD], 10 mg/kg [high dose, HD]), and metformin (250 mg/kg; positive control [PC] for efficacy), respectively, once daily from day 60 to 74, in addition to HFHFD. Group VII (10 mg/kg oral scopoletin safety group) and VIII (0.1 mg/kg oral warfarin; PC for safety) were separately used for bleeding time-clotting time (BTCT) assessment on days 60, 68, and 74. Groups I, VII, and VIII rats were studied for safety assessment. Later, animals were sacrificed for histological examination. Scopoletin-treated groups showed a significant decline in glucose levels, especially in the MD (5.18 ± 0.12) and HD group (5.271 ± 0.11) in comparison to the EC (6.37 ± 0.05) on day 74 (P < .05). Two weeks after scopoletin treatment, β-cell function significantly improved (53.073 ± 4.67) in the MD group versus 29.323 ± 8.505 in the NC group (P < .05). A statistically significant difference was observed when the MD group (53.07 ± 4.67) was compared to the metformin-treated group (24.80 ± 3.24; P < .05). The safety assessment in the form of BTCT findings did not observe a difference among groups I, VII, and VIII (P > .05). The study showed that scopoletin dose-independently reversed insulin resistance. Consequently, scopoletin can be a potential candidate for antidiabetic drug development.

Dose–Response Evaluation of Scopoletin, a Phytochemical, in a High-Fructose High-Fat Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia Model in Wistar Rats

Gurpreet Kaur Batra,Chakrant Mothsara,Swati Sharma,Aishwarya Anand,Alka Bhatia,Shobhit Bhansali,Sant Ram,Arnab Pal,Amol N. Patil 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.5

The putative hypolipidemic properties of scopoletin have not been fully confirmed due to a lack of validation in an irreversible chronic hyperlipidemia animal model. The druggability also needs to be studied in terms of bioavailability in the vascular compartment. Accordingly, we conducted a study to assess the hypolipidemic and pharmacokinetic behavior of scopoletin in the high-fructose high-fat diet (HFHFD)-induced dyslipidemia model in Wistar rats. A total of 42 rats were studied, with 6 in each of the 7 groups. A 60-day HFHFD opted for induction of dyslipidemia. Group I and groups II–VII received normal rat chow diet and HFHFD, respectively. Oral scopoletin (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) and atorvastatin 5 mg/kg were administered in groups III–VI, respectively, once daily for the next 15 days. A separate group, group VII, was used for the pharmacokinetic assessment comparing the scopoletin 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally (IP) in group VII versus the oral (group V). Pharmacokinetic blood sampling was performed on the 10th day of continuous once-daily therapy. Rats were sacrificed for the histological examination. All three scopoletin dosages significantly decreased the total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides (P < .05 for all), but not in a dose-dependent manner. Atherogenic Index of plasma, Castelli's risk indices, and histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of scopoletin. The IP administration showed a 23.18% higher exposure than the oral route (P < .001 for area under the curve and P < .05 for concentration-maximum). This study confirms the hypolipidemic efficacy of scopoletin in a more robust irreversible model of dyslipidemia. Scopoletin's gut absorption in the disease state may also boost the initial phase exploratory clinical trial.

Gaucher or pseudo-Gaucher cells

Gurpreet Kaur,Ankur Ahuja,Ganesh Kumar Vishwananthan,Arijit Sen 대한혈액학회 2024 Blood Research Vol.59 No.1

Magnificant role of intracellular reactive oxygen species production and its scavenging encompasses downstream processes

Gurpreet Kaur Goraya,Bavita Asthir 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.3

Environmental stresses are often associated with production of certain deleterious chemical entities called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radical (O 2 − ), hydroxyl radical (OH−). In plants, ROS are formed by the inevitable leakage of electrons onto O2 from the electron transport activities of chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, vacuole and plasma membranes or as a byproduct of various metabolic pathways. Plants have their own antioxidant defense mechanisms to encounter ROS that is of enzymic and non-enzymic nature. Coordinated activities of these antioxidants regulate ROS detoxification and reduces oxidative load in plants. Though ROS are always regarded to impart negative impact on plants, some reports consider them to be important in regulating key cellular functions; however, such reports in plant are limited. On the other hand, specific ROS function as signaling molecules and activate signal transduction processes in response to various stresses is a matter of investigation.