Visualizing the Non-Buddhist Other: A Historical Analysis of the Shambhala Myth in Mongolia at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

Karénina Kollmar-Paulenz 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2019 Cross-Currents Vol.0 No.31

The huge Shambhala thangka preserved at the National Gallery in Prague, Czech Republic, is allegedly of Tibetan origin and dates to the nineteenth century. The conventional depiction of the realm of Shambhala in this thangka shows some surprisingly unconventional details in the scenes that illustrate the battle between the infidels and the Buddhist warriors led by Raudracakrin, the last ruler (kalki) of Shambhala. These details hint at a possible Mongolian origin. This article examines the visual aspects of the Shambhala myth as depicted in the Prague thangka, paying special attention to the representation of the final battle and the so-called enemies of the dharma. By engaging with textual, visual, and performative sources that inform the Prague thangka, the author argues that the production of knowledge in the visual language of the thangka is tied to the emerging conditions of globality, incorporating local life-worlds in the context of religious encounters, trade relations, and political negotiations.

생활체육참여자의 여가활동 유형이 생활만족에 미치는 영향

김의영,김의영,김영숙,윤대중,이병기 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2002 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.12 No.1

This research is designed to make a comparative analysis of the types of leisure activities and the degree of and life satisfaction by demographic background variable and to present basic materials necessary for the development of programs for local policies on leisure in accordance with the local autonomous system with a view to determining the relationship between life satisfaction by type of leisure activity. The following are the findings. First, the survey failed to test a statistically significant difference between family member's mutual satisfaction, or the subordinate variable of age, job and health and general life satisfaction, or the subordinate variable of income. But there was a statistically significant difference in life satisfaction by gender, age, education, job, income and health at a level of 1 percent. Second, the survey on the influences of the types of leisure activities on leisure satisfaction and life satisfaction revealed that there was a statistically significant influences in all the subordinate variables of and life satisfaction.

Review of topical vitamins in photoaging skin

Cheuk Hung Lee(Cheuk Hung Lee),Kar Wai Alvin Lee(Kar Wai Alvin Lee),Kwin Wah Chan(Kwin Wah Chan),Kar Fai Victor Lee(Kar Fai Victor Lee),Kar Wai Phoebe Lam(Kar Wai Phoebe Lam ) 대한미용의학회 2022 대한미용의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Photoaging is a process of normal skin architecture damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Topical vitamins have been used to treat these conditions. The authors aimed to understand the mechanism and level of evidence of topical vitamins used to treat photodamaged skin. A range of topical vitamins has been used in cosmetic medicine for many years to treat photodamaged skin. This review article compares their efficacy and level of evidence. This study was a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of different topical vitamins. Keywords including “Photoaging,” “Botanicals,” “Peptides,” “Retinoids,” “Vitamins” were searched on Ovid, PubMed, MEDLINE for relevant studies published on photoaging treatment. There is a wealth of Level I evidence supporting the use of topical retinoic acid, vitamins B and C. There is evidence supporting the use of topical vitamin E although it is mainly drawn from Level IV studies of the evidence hierarchy. Topical vitamins can effectively treat photodamaged skin. Level of Evidence: I

Treatment of acne fulminans with intense pulsed light: a case report

Cheuk Hung Lee(Cheuk Hung Lee),Kar Wai Alvin Lee(Kar Wai Alvin Lee),Kwin Wah Chan(Kwin Wah Chan),Kar Wai Phoebe Lam(Kar Wai Phoebe Lam ) 대한미용의학회 2022 대한미용의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Acne fulminans is a severe form of acne that has a considerable psychosocial impact. Acne scarring is a potential complication of this condition. The treatment of acne fulminans includes conventional topical antibiotics, systemic antibiotics, hormonal therapy, isotretinoin, and light therapy. Intense pulsed light can have marked effects on acne fulminans. We aimed to describe the treatment of acne fulminans with intense pulsed light. This article is a case report together with a literature review to demonstrate how intense pulsed light can be used to treat acne fulminans. Pre-treatment and post-treatment clinical photographs are provided to show the effects of intense pulsed light therapy on acne fulminans. No comparisons were made with the other treatment modalities; nevertheless, this study provides an alternative treatment option for acne fulminans. Our case report revealed that intense pulse light using multiple filters at certain energy levels can effectively treat acne fulminans. Current evidence suggests that ablative CO2 and Er:YAG lasers provide the best curative effect on acne scars on all skin types. Potential complications with intense pulsed light include pain, burns, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Intense pulsed light is an effective treatment modality for acne fulminans. However, more cases of acne fulminans treated with intense pulsed light need to be documented in order to affirm intense pulsed light as one of the best options for treating this severe form of acne.

Review of chemical peeling in photoaging skin

Cheuk Hung Lee(Cheuk Hung Lee),Kar Wai Alvin Lee(Kar Wai Alvin Lee ),Lisa Kwin Wah Chan(Lisa Kwin Wah Chan ),Kar Fai Victor Lee(Kar Fai Victor Lee ) 대한미용의학회 2023 대한미용의학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Photoaging is a process in which ultraviolet radiation damages the normal skin architecture. Topical chemical peeling is used to treat this condition. The authors aimed to understand the mechanism and level of evidence of the different depths of chemical peeling used to treat photoaging. Various topical chemical peelings have been used in cosmetic medicine for many years to treat photodamaged skin. This review compares the efficacy and the level of evidence. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of different chemical peeling methods. Keywords included “Photoaging,” “Alpha-hydroxy acid,” “Lipo-hydroxy acid,” “Trichloroacetic acid,” “Jessner’s solution,” and “Phenol” were typed on Ovid, PubMed, MEDLINE for relevant studies published on photoaging treatment. There is a wealth of Level I evidence supporting the use of topical retinoic acid, vitamin B, and vitamin C. The evidence behind the use of topical vitamin E exists but is mainly drawn from studies from the Level IV of the evidence hierarchy. Topical vitamins can effectively treat photodamaged skin. Level of Evidence: I

Treatment-failure tularemia in children

Karli, Arzu,Sensoy, Gulnar,Paksu, Sule,Korkmaz, Muhammet Furkan,Ertugrul, Omer,Karli, Rifat The Korean Pediatric Society 2018 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.61 No.2

Purpose: Tularemia is an infection caused by Francisella tularensis. Its diagnosis and treatment may be difficult in many cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment modalities for pediatric tularemia patients who do not respond to medical treatment. Methods: A single-center, retrospective study was performed. A total of 19 children with oropharyngeal tularemia were included. Results: Before diagnosis, the duration of symptoms in patients was $32.15{\pm}17.8days$. The most common lymph node localization was the cervical chain. All patients received medical treatment (e.g., streptomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline). Patients who had been given streptomycin, gentamicin, or doxycycline as initial therapy for 10-14 days showed no response to treatment, and recovery was only achieved after administration of oral ciprofloxacin. Response to treatment was delayed in 5 patients who had been given ciprofloxacin as initial therapy. Surgical incision and drainage were performed in 9 patients (47.5%) who were unresponsive to medical treatment and were experiencing abcess formation and suppuration. Five patients (26.3%) underwent total mass excision, and 2 patients (10.5%) underwent fine-needle aspiration to reach a conclusive differential diagnosis and inform treatment. Conclusion: The causes of treatment failure in tularemia include delay in effective treatment and the development of suppurating lymph nodes.

Educational Deprivation of Girls in Orissa

KAR, Jyotirmayee,KAR, Jyostnamayee Asian Center Women's Studies Korean Women's Instit 2002 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.8 No.4

Outcome of mid- and lower face lifting using bidirectional cone sutures at 6 months and 1 year

Phoebe Kar Wai Lam,James Yui Lam,Alvin Kar Wai Lee,Clyde Wang Lung Luk,Paul Man Kei Tam,Cheuk Hung Lee 대한미용의학회 2021 대한미용의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Soft tissue ptosis occurs with age, leading to loss of facial volume. The facial retaining ligamentous system is an intricate network of fibrous tissues connecting the whole face, restraining soft tissues from gravitational forces, and opposing facial movements. With proper positioning and anchorage within the ligamentous grid and superficial fat repositioning, lifting the mid-face and adjacent areas (e.g., jowl) is likely to occur. We aimed to determine whether inserting 3 pairs of bidirectional cone sutures can effectively improve the nasolabial fold (mid-face) and jowl (lower face) in Asian patients with mild to moderate mid-face laxity at 6 months and 12 months. Ten healthy volunteers with mild to moderate facial laxity received 3 pairs of bidirectional cone threads, inserted in a straight parallel technique. Based on validated evaluation parameters: facial laxity rating scale (FLRS) and the wrinkle severity rating scale, a total of 7 independent reviewers, among which 3 assessed the change in mid-face laxity (nasolabial fold), and the other 4 reviewers evaluated the change in jowl or lower face contour based on FLRS at 6 months and 12 months. All reviewers were experienced esthetic doctors. According to the reviewers’ evaluation based on the validated parameters, there was a linear improvement in the mid-face laxity/nasolabial fold and lower face laxity/jawline contour self-reporting patients’ satisfaction at 6 months and 12 months compared to baseline in all 10 patients. There was continuous improvement in mid-face laxity and lower face laxity from baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment. The evaluation results among the reviewers were similar, apart from reviewer 7. All patients gave their best rating at 12 months, and their satisfaction almost doubled compared to that before treatment.

Unfolding Mycobacterium abscessus outbreak: a case study of mesotherapy-associated Mycobacterium abscessus infection

Lam Phoebe Kar Wai,Alvin Kar Wai Lee,Lisa Kwin Wah Chan 대한미용의학회 2024 대한미용의학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This article explores the clinical manifestations, diagnostic processes, and management strategies for Mycobacterium abscessus infections following mesotherapy and includes a literature review on M. abscessus incidence, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic difficulties. A woman who presented to our clinic with redness and swelling across multiple sites 3 months following mesotherapy in a beauty shop was ultimately diagnosed with M. abscessus-induced skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Concurrently, Hong Kong’s Department of Health reported 19 similar cases, all linked to mesotherapy sessions at a particular beauty center from June to August 2023. Diagnosis involved analyzing pus samples, including acid-fast bacilli smear and culture. A literature review was conducted on M. abscessus infections, causality, treatment strategies, antibiotic susceptibility tests, advanced diagnostics such as polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and newer treatment modalities. Nineteen patients exhibited SSTIs that manifested as rashes and abscesses at the injection sites. Diagnosis is hindered by the slow growth of M. abscessus, which necessitates advanced testing. Our patient underwent 2 to 3 months of intravenous antibiotics (combination therapy) as an inpatient at a public hospital, together with repeated surgical curettage and drainage of the infected areas. This report highlights the surge in M. abscessus infections related to cosmetic procedures and the immediate requirement for stringent infection control measures in aesthetic practices. The M. abscessus outbreak emphasizes its emergence as a significant pathogen, the intricacies of managing its antibiotic resistance and biofilm production, and the need for a comprehensive treatment approach that incorporates personalized medicine, innovative therapeutics, and surgical interventions. The literature review underscores the importance of continuous research on strain-specific treatments, development of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to effectively tackle this antibiotic-resistant pathogen, and infection control.

Mass Vaccination with a New, Less Expensive Oral Cholera Vaccine Using Public Health Infrastructure in India: The Odisha Model

Kar, Shantanu K.,Sah, Binod,Patnaik, Bikash,Kim, Yang Hee,Kerketta, Anna S.,Shin, Sunheang,Rath, Shyam Bandhu,Ali, Mohammad,Mogasale, Vittal,Khuntia, Hemant K.,Bhattachan, Anuj,You, Young Ae,Puri, Mah Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.8 No.2

<▼1><P><B>Introduction</B></P><P>The substantial morbidity and mortality associated with recent cholera outbreaks in Haiti and Zimbabwe, as well as with cholera endemicity in countries throughout Asia and Africa, make a compelling case for supplementary cholera control measures in addition to existing interventions. Clinical trials conducted in Kolkata, India, have led to World Health Organization (WHO)-prequalification of Shanchol, an oral cholera vaccine (OCV) with a demonstrated 65% efficacy at 5 years post-vaccination. However, before this vaccine is widely used in endemic areas or in areas at risk of outbreaks, as recommended by the WHO, policymakers will require empirical evidence on its implementation and delivery costs in public health programs. The objective of the present report is to describe the organization, vaccine coverage, and delivery costs of mass vaccination with a new, less expensive OCV (Shanchol) using existing public health infrastructure in Odisha, India, as a model.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>All healthy, non-pregnant residents aged 1 year and above residing in selected villages of the Satyabadi block (Puri district, Odisha, India) were invited to participate in a mass vaccination campaign using two doses of OCV. Prior to the campaign, a <I>de jure</I> census, micro-planning for vaccination and social mobilization activities were implemented. Vaccine coverage for each dose was ascertained as a percentage of the censused population. The direct vaccine delivery costs were estimated by reviewing project expenditure records and by interviewing key personnel.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The mass vaccination was conducted during May and June, 2011, in two phases. In each phase, two vaccine doses were given 14 days apart. Sixty-two vaccination booths, staffed by 395 health workers/volunteers, were established in the community. For the censused population, 31,552 persons (61% of the target population) received the first dose and 23,751 (46%) of these completed their second dose, with a drop-out rate of 25% between the two doses. Higher coverage was observed among females and among 6–17 year-olds. Vaccine cost at market price (about US$1.85/dose) was the costliest item. The vaccine delivery cost was $0.49 per dose or $1.13 per fully vaccinated person.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>This is the first undertaken project to collect empirical evidence on the use of Shanchol within a mass vaccination campaign using existing public health program resources. Our findings suggest that mass vaccination is feasible but requires detailed micro-planning. The vaccine and delivery cost is affordable for resource poor countries. Given that the vaccine is now WHO pre-qualified, evidence from this study should encourage oral cholera vaccine use in countries where cholera remains a public health problem.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Cholera – an acute life-threatening diarrheal illness – continues to disrupt public health in resource poor countries. The devastating outbreaks in Haiti and Zimbabwe – to name just two of many occurrences – calls for the use of available oral cholera vaccines as an additional tool in the arsenal of cholera control measures. An oral cholera vaccine (Shanchol) has been licensed in India since 2009; however, there has only been limited use of this vaccine in government public health programs. A vaccination campaign using 2 doses of Shanchol was conducted in Odisha, India, during May and June, 2011, where 31,552 persons (61% of the target population) received the first dose and 23,751 of them completed their second dose. The vaccine delivery cost was $0.49 per dose. Through our findings and experience, we discuss the organization of the cholera vaccination campaign in Odisha, the challenges met for conducting the campaign and the strategies designed to overcome those challenges, and the delivery costs incurred in the use of this vaccine, the first of