Comparison of anxiety and pain perceived with conventional and computerized local anesthesia delivery systems for different stages of anesthesia delivery in maxillary and mandibular nerve blocks

Aggarwal, Kamal,Lamba, Arundeep Kaur,Faraz, Farrukh,Tandon, Shruti,Makker, Kanika The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2018 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.18 No.6

Background: Fear of local anesthesia (LA) is a significant impediment to dental care as many patients delay or avoid treatment to avert pain. Computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system (CCLAD), with constant and controlled rate of flow, present a painless alternative. The present study aimed to compare anxiety and pain perceived with conventional and computerized systems, for different stages of anesthesia delivery when administering various nerve blocks. Methods: One hundred patients requiring bilateral LA participated in the study. One side was anesthetized using one system and the contralateral side was anesthetized using the other, in two separate appointments. Patients assigned anxiety scores on a 5-point scale and used the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain determination at needle insertion, during delivery of anesthetic solution, immediately after injection, and at the end of the periodontal procedure. Each patient's preference for the delivery system of future injections was also recorded. Results: Patients reported significantly lower anxiety levels with CCLAD compared to the syringe. Significantly lower mean VAS scores for anesthesia deposition, pain immediately after, and at the end of the periodontal procedure were also noted. However, pain at needle insertion was comparable between the two systems, with no statistical significance. Overall, 64.4% patients preferred CCLAD for future anesthesia. Conclusion: Lower pain perceived with CCLAD and higher preference for the system suggest that CCLAD should replace conventional syringes to allow pain-free dental treatment.

All-Optical Binary Full Adder Using Logic Operations Based on the Nonlinear Properties of a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

Sanmukh Kaur,Rajinder Singh Kaler,Tara-Singh Kamal 한국광학회 2015 Current Optics and Photonics Vol.19 No.3

We propose a new and potentially integrable scheme for the realization of an all-optical binary fulladder employing two XOR gates, two AND gates, and one OR gate. The XOR gate is realized usinga Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The AND andOR gates are based on the nonlinear properties of a semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed schemeis driven by two input data streams and a carry bit from the previous less-significant bit order position. In our proposed design, we achieve extinction ratios for Sum and Carry output signals of 10 dB and 12dB respectively. Successful operation of the system is demonstrated at 10 Gb/s with return-to-zeromodulated signals

Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Cells with Nutlin-3 and Resveratrol Combination Leads to Apoptosis via Caspase Activation

Palanisamy Marimuthu,Kamal Kaur,Umadevi Kandalam,Vandana Jasani,Nidha Bukhari,Michelle Nguyen,Alleesa Abdul,Farheen F. Pervez,Appu Rathinavelu 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.1

The current study was focused on the induction of apoptotic effects of resveratrol along with the combination treatments of nutlin-3 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780/CP70. To determine the extent of apoptosis following the above-mentioned treatments, we assessed the execution of apoptotic events that proceed via caspase activation and cytochrome c release. We estimated the caspase-3 and -9 activities using a direct enzymatic assay that measures the cleavage of synthetic peptide substrate (N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-p-nitroanilide). Our experiments showed an increase in caspase-3 and -9 activities in the cells that were treated with the combination of resveratrol (5μM) with nutlin-3 (5μM) or TGF-β (1μg/mL). Since activation of procaspase-3 by caspase-9 requires the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, we measured the levels of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by western blot experiments. The data indicated a considerable increase in caspase-3 and cytochrome c levels when cells were treated with drugs for 24 hours. Experiments with 4,6′-diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining also confirmed the induction of apoptosis in all the above-mentioned treatments done at 24 and 48 hours. These results support our hypothesis that resveratrol combination can induce programmed cell death at doses that

Paresthesia diagnosed using cone-beam computed tomography: a case report

Kumar, Umesh,Kaur, Charan Kamal,Vashisht, Ruchi,Rattan, Vidya The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2020 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.20 No.2

Various dental procedures, such as injection administration, surgical treatment, and endodontic treatment, can cause injury to the nerves. The most commonly injured nerves are the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves. This can manifest as altered sensation to the area of innervation of the injured nerve, such as the lower lip, chin, teeth, tongue, and mucosa. Altered sensations or loss of sensation are relatively infrequent complications in daily dental practice. Here, we report an uncommon case of altered sensation in the midfacial region caused by an endodontic procedure and discuss the need to consider local dental causes in the differential diagnosis of numbness in the facial region.

Effectiveness of anterior middle superior alveolar injection using a computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery system for maxillary periodontal flap surgery

Tandon, Shruti,Lamba, Arundeep Kaur,Faraz, Farrukh,Aggarwal, Kamal,Ahad, Abdul,Yadav, Neha The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2019 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.19 No.1

Background: Profound anesthesia with adequate duration is required in periodontal flap surgery, which involves the manipulation of both hard and soft tissues. The anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) injection may be an alternative to multiple injections required for this purpose in the maxilla. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of AMSA injection using computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery (CCLAD) system to anesthetize buccal hard tissue (BHT), buccal soft tissue (BST), palatal hard tissue (PHT), and palatal soft tissue (PST) around the maxillary teeth. Methods: Thirty-five patients who were indicated for open flap debridement in a whole maxillary quadrant were given AMSA injection using the CCLAD. The effectiveness of anesthesia was evaluated using subjective and objective parameters around each tooth. Supraperiosteal infiltrations were administered to complete the surgery wherever the AMSA injection was ineffective. Results: The AMSA injection was more effective on the palatal tissues than on the buccal tissues, as 94.14% of PST and 87.89% of PHT sites were anesthetized compared to 49.22% and 43.75% of BHT and BST sites, respectively. There was no significant difference in the frequency of anesthesia around the anterior and posterior teeth. The PHT was significantly more anesthetized (P = 0.003) in males than in females. Conclusions: The AMSA injection using CCLAD is highly effective on palatal tissues and could be used as a first-line anesthesia for periodontal flap surgery. However, its effect on buccal tissues is less predictable, with supraperiosteal infiltration often required to supplement the AMSA injection.

Incidence of postoperative pain after using single continuous, single reciprocating, and full sequence continuous rotary file system: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Umesh Kumar,Pragnesh Parmar,Ruchi Vashisht,Namita Tandon,Charan Kamal Kaur 대한치과마취과학회 2023 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.23 No.2

Background: Extrusion of debris is a major factor that results in postoperative pain during root canal treatment with various instruments and instrumentation techniques. Therefore, instrumentation techniques that extrude minimal debris into the periapical area while reducing pain are desirable. This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative pain and intake of analgesic medication (frequency and quantity) after endodontic treatment of mandibular posterior teeth using two single files and full-sequence continuous rotary systems with different kinematic motions. Methods: Thirty-five of 105 patients were assigned equally to three groups according to the instrumentation system used: ProTaper Next (PN) X2, 25/06 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), One Shape (OS), #0.25/06 (Micro Mega, Besancon, France), and Wave One Gold (WG), Red - #0.25, 0.07 (Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Five specialists were included in this study design; each professional prepared 21 teeth, and randomly selected 7 per instrument system. The VAS sheet ranging from 0 to 10 was used to record the initial and postoperative pains at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day after single visit endodontic treatment in mandibular premolars and molars with a diagnosis of asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis with or without apical periodontitis. Postoperatively, an analgesic, ibuprofen 400 mg was administered for intolerable pain at a dose of 1 tablet for 6 h. The patients were asked over the telephone regarding postoperative pain at intervals of 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7th day using a visual analogue scale. Result: There were no statistically significant differences among the PN, OS, and WG systems (P > 0.05) with regard to the incidence of postoperative pain at any of the four time points assessed. Conclusion: The intensity of postoperative pain, frequency, and analgesic intake were similar across all three types of instrument systems; however, the reciprocating single file (WG) was associated with less postoperative pain than the full sequence continuous rotary file.