http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
- 中文 을 입력하시려면 zhongwen을 입력하시고 space를누르시면됩니다.
- 北京 을 입력하시려면 beijing을 입력하시고 space를 누르시면 됩니다.
RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Kadomatsu, Kenji (검색결과 5 건)
- 무료
- 기관 내 무료
- 유료
-
角松生史(Narufumi Kadomatsu) 한국지방자치법학회 2016 지방자치법연구(地方自治法硏究) Vol.16 No.2
This paper examines the legal significance of the Special Zone (tokku) legislations that have appeared in Japan since the year 2000. Specifically, this paper wi1l primarily examine five examples of these zones: 1) the Structural Reform Special Zones (2002); 2) the two Special Zones created by the Act on Special Measures for the Promotion and Development of Okinawa (2002); 3) the Comprehensive Special Zones(2011); 4) the Earthquake Reconstruction Special Zones (2011); and 5) the National Strategic Special Zones (2013) (1 ι Each of these Special Zone Systems is limited to a specific area of Japan and is designed to confer economic benefits; these benefits fall under the categories of tax exemptions and regulatory exemptions. ln other words, the Special Zone Systems can be divided into three categories: (a) zones that grant tax exemptions; (b) zones that grant exemptions to regulations; and (c) combinations of (a) and (b) (2.). The legal characteristics of the Special Zones fall under either tax exemptions or regulatory exemptions. Regarding the tax exemptions, legal structures through which the nation provides economic support such as subsidies to specific local public entities or enterprises are not uncommon, but the Special Zones are distinctive in that they are limited to specific geographic regions and are supported via reductions in and exemptions from national taxes. Regarding the regulatory exemptions, the distinctive legal characteristics of the Special Zones are not found in the fact that they enforce in a specific area regulations that differ from those enforced in other areas, but in the legal formats and decision processes used (3.1 , 3.2). However, we can also implement such different legal regulations in certain areas through local ordinances. An approach featuring comprehensive legislation that recognized the ability to “ overwrite the law by local ordinances was an alternative to the introduction of Special Zone Systems, but such an approach was not employed. Tn other words, while the Special Zones recognizelocal individuality & distinctiveness, they are at the same time in a certain competitive relationship with the PI’omotion of decentralization through local ordinances (3.3). Since Special Zones confer economic benefits to certain geographic regions, they pose inevitable tension with the equality principle. Some ideals that could justi한 a type of inequality that gives preferential treatment to a specific area include: 1) regional edistribution, which seeks preferential treatment for areas that face econornic disadvantages due to certain circumstances; 2) positive externalities, where preferential treatment toward a specific region can also confer benefits upon the surrounding areas or the whole of Japan; 3) various ideas or plans from local public entities grounded in “ cognitive leadership ; 4) the creation of a new space for public communication where national agencies and local public entities can hold open debates & discussions on the intemet and make decisions promptly. However, there are differences in the ideals beld the various Special Zone Systems, and even within a single system, there can be tension, even contradictions, between the various ideals at work (4.)
-
Hitoki Yamanaka,Ryuki Kadomatsu,Toshikazu Takagi,Makiko Ohsawa,Naoto Yamamoto,Noriaki Kubo,Takahira Takemoto,Kazutaka Ohsawa 대한수의학회 2019 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.20 No.2
Isolates of 24 enterococci, 5 Enterococcus casseliflavus and 19 Enterococcus gallinarum, possessingvanC genes and showing low-level resistance to vancomycin were obtained from mice from commercial mouse breeding companies. Since some of these isolates showedresistance to other antibiotics, the purpose of this study was to clarify the resistant profiles of these isolates. One E. casseliflavus isolate showed resistance to erythromycin with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 μg/mL and also showed apparent resistance to fluoroquinolones with an MIC of 32 μg/mL for ciprofloxacin. The MICs of 2 other fluoroquinolone-resistant E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum isolates were 3 and 6 μg/mL,respectively. These 3 resistant isolates showed an absence of macrolide- and fluoroquinolone- resistant genes, including amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance determining regions of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Resistance to tetracycline was detected in2 E. gallinarum isolates that were highly resistant, exhibiting MICs of 48 and 64 μg/mL and possessing tet(O) genes. The results indicate that antibiotic-resistant enterococci are being maintained in some laboratory mouse strains that have never been treated with an antibiotic.
-
( Misako Nomura ),( Daichi Morioka ),( Yasutaka Kojima ),( Ryutaro Tanaka ),( Koichi Kadomatsu ) 대한피부과학회 2020 Annals of Dermatology Vol.32 No.6
Background: Individuals with axillary osmidrosis suffer detrimental effects to their psychosocial functioning. In Asian nations, major operations for axillary osmidrosis include subdermal excision (open surgery) and suction-curettage (closed surgery). Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine which of these two procedures is most favorable in terms of safety and efficacy. Methods: According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses (PRISMA) guideline, we searched electronic databases for articles published in English, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese languages. Fixed-effects model meta-analyses of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were conducted, and the I<sup>2</sup> was used to assess heterogeneity. Complication rates, recurrence/ineffectiveness rates, and patient satisfaction data were extracted and compared between open and closed surgeries. Results: Our search yielded 8 articles that include 1,179 patients; 560 underwent open surgery, and 619 underwent closed surgery. Our meta-analysis revealed that suction-curettage had a significantly lower risk of acute adverse events than open excision (OR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07∼0.32), whereas open excision was significantly superior to suction-curettage for recurrence/ineffectiveness rate (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.37∼6.15). Patient satisfaction was equally high with both treatments (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.69∼ 3.60). Conclusion: Since surgical treatments for axillary osmidrosis have been performed mostly in East Asian nations, it was meaningful to review articles published in four languages. This meta-analysis revealed that closed surgery was safer but less effective than open surgery. However, both patient groups expressed high satisfaction with the outcomes. Our results may be helpful for deciding surgical treatment options. (Ann Dermatol 32(6) 487∼495, 2020)
-
-
KCI
스콜라연관 검색어 추천
이 검색어로 많이 본 자료
활용도 높은 자료
