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Efficient Single‐Layer Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes
Kabra, Dinesh,Lu, Li Ping,Song, Myoung Hoon,Snaith, Henry J.,Friend, Richard H. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Advanced Materials Vol.22 No.29
<P><B>Single‐layer polymer light‐emitting diodes</B> are fabricated using poly (9,9′‐dioctylfluorene)‐<I>co</I>‐ benzothiadiazole (F8BT) as the emissive layer in contact with metal oxide injection layers ITO/ZnO/Cs<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB>/F8BT/MoO<SUB>3</SUB>/Au. Luminous efficiencies of up to 23 cd A<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved for polymer layer thicknesses near 1 <I>μ</I>m. </P>
Pretreatment of microalgal biomass for enhanced recovery/extraction of reducing sugars and proteins
Eldalatony, M. M.,Kabra, A. N.,Hwang, J. H.,Govindwar, S. P.,Kim, K. H.,Kim, H.,Jeon, B. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.39 No.1
<P>Microalgae species including Chlamydomonas mexicana, Micractinium reisseri, Scenedesmus obliquus and Tribonema aequale were cultivated in batch cultures, and their biochemical composition was determined. C. mexicana showed the highest carbohydrate content of 52.6 % and was selected for further study. Sonication pretreatment under optimum conditions (at 40 kHz, 2.2 Kw, 50 A degrees C for 15 min) released 74 +/- A 2.7 mg g(-1) of total reducing sugars (TRS) of dry cell weight, while the combined sonication and enzymatic hydrolysis treatment enhanced the TRS yield by fourfold (280.5 +/- A 4.9 mg g(-1)). The optimal ratio of enzyme [E]:substrate [S] for maximum TRS yield was [1]:[5] at 50 A degrees C and pH 5. Combined sonication and hydrolysis treatment released 7.3 % (27.1 +/- A 0.9 mg g(-1)) soluble protein of dry cell weight, and further fermentation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction enhanced the soluble protein content up to 56 % (228.4 mg g(-1)) of total protein content. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic analyses indicated that microalgae cells were significantly disrupted by the combined sonication and enzyme hydrolysis treatment. This study indicates that pretreatment and subsequent fermentation of the microalgal biomass enhance the recovery of carbohydrates and proteins which can be used as feedstocks for generation of biofuels.</P>
Ji, M.K.,Kabra, A.N.,Choi, J.,Hwang, J.H.,Kim, J.R.,Abou-Shanab, R.A.I.,Oh, Y.K.,Jeon, B.H. Elsevier Science 2014 Ecological engineering Vol.73 No.-
The endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA) has attracted much attention due to its estrogenic activity and widespread environmental distribution. The toxicity and cellular stresses of BPA to Chlamydomonas mexicana and Chlorella vulgaris and its biodegradation/bioaccumulation by both microalgae were investigated. The 120-h EC<SUB>50</SUB> of BPA for C. mexicana and C. vulgaris were 44.8 and 39.8mgL<SUP>-1</SUP>, respectively. The dry cell weight and chlorophyll a content of both microalgae decreased with increasing BPA concentration higher than 10mgL<SUP>-1</SUP>. Growth of C. vulgaris was significantly inhibited at 50mgL<SUP>-1</SUP> BPA compared to C. mexicana. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) removal was higher in C. mexicana than in C. vulgaris. Microalgae performed the bioaccumulation and biodegradation of BPA to varying extents at different initial BPA concentrations. The highest rates of BPA biodegradation, 24 and 23% by C. mexicana and C. vulgaris, respectively, were achieved at 1mgL<SUP>-1</SUP> BPA. Both the total fatty acid and carbohydrate contents increased with increasing BPA concentration. This study demonstrated that C. mexicana was more tolerant to BPA and could be used for treatment of BPA contaminated aqueous systems.
Hwang, J.H.,Kabra, A.N.,Ji, M.K.,Choi, J.,El-Dalatony, M.M.,Jeon, B.H. Elsevier B.V 2016 Algal research Vol.17 No.-
<P>The impact of combined sonication, heat and enzyme (SHE) treatment on continuous bioethanol production from mixed microalgal biomass (cyclotella and filamentous) was evaluated in a fermentor. Different pretreatments resulted in varied degrees of cell lysis for microbial fermentation. Filamentous algae were partially damaged under sonication pretreatment, while SHE treatment leads to complete destruction of both cyclotella and filamentous microalgal cells. SHE treatment significantly increased the dissolved carbohydrate concentration (up to 5.8 folds greater than non-pretreated), which enhanced the ethanol production through microbial fermentation. Higher bioactivity of alcohol fermentation by Dekkera bruxellensis (yeast) resulted in higher ethanol yield compared to mixed bacterial culture. The cumulative ethanol production after SHE treatment was 1.4 fold higher than with combined sonication and enzyme (SE) treatment using D. bruxellensis. These results demonstrate that combined SHE treatment is an effective method for the enhancement of yeast promoted fermentative bioethanol production from mixed microalgal biomass. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Amol Wakankar,Ashutosh Kabra,A.K. Bhattacharjee,Gopinath Karmakar 한국원자력학회 2019 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.51 No.2
The most important non-functional requirements for dependability of any Embedded Real-Time SafetySystems are safety, availability and reliability requirements. System architecture plays the primary role inachieving these requirements. Compliance with these non-functional requirements should be ensuredearly in the development cycle with appropriate considerations during architectural design. In this paper,we present an application of system architecture modeling for quantitative assessment of systemdependability. We use probabilistic model checker (PRISM), for dependability analysis of the DTMCmodel derived from system architecture model. In general, the model checking techniques do not scalewell for analyzing large systems, because of prohibitively large state space. It limits the use of modelchecking techniques in analyzing the systems of practical interest. We propose abstraction basedcompositional analysis methodology to circumvent this limitation. The effectiveness of the proposedmethodology has been demonstrated using the case study involving the dependability analysis of safetysystem of a large Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).
Enhancement of microalgae growth and fatty acid content under the influence of phytohormones
Salama, E.S.,Kabra, A.N.,Ji, M.K.,Kim, J.R.,Min, B.,Jeon, B.H. Elsevier Applied Science 2014 Bioresource technology Vol.172 No.-
The growth of Scenedesmus obliquus improved with increase in phytohormones concentrations (10<SUP>-8</SUP>-10<SUP>-5</SUP>M). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supported the maximum growth at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M with 17.7x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and total fatty acid of 97.9mg/g-DCW, enhancing the growth by 1.9-fold compared to control (9.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL). While 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of a newly discovered phytohormone Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DAH) demonstrated a 2.5-fold higher growth with 23.5x10<SUP>6</SUP>cells/mL and a total fatty acid content of 100mg/g-DCW. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid content increased up to 56% and 59% at 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The highest carbohydrate content (33% and 34%) achieved at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M and 10<SUP>-5</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. While, the highest protein content (34% and 35%) obtained at 10<SUP>-8</SUP>M of IAA and DAH, respectively. The current investigation demonstrates that phytohormones accelerate microalgal growth and induce the quality and quantity of fatty acid content for biodiesel production.
Insecticides induced biochemical changes in freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana
Kumar, M. S.,Kabra, A. N.,Min, B.,El-Dalatony, M. M.,Xiong, J.,Thajuddin, N.,Lee, D. S.,Jeon, B. H. ECOMED PUBLISHERS 2016 Environmental science and pollution research inter Vol.23 No.2
<P>The effect of insecticides (acephate and imidacloprid) on a freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas mexicana was investigated with respect to photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate and protein contents, fatty acids composition and induction of stress indicators including proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). C. mexicana was cultivated with 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg L-1 of acephate and imidacloprid. The microalga growth increased with increasing concentrations of both insecticides up to 15 mg L-1, beyond which the growth declined compared to control condition (without insecticides). C. mexicana cultivated with 15 mg L-1 of both insecticides for 12 days was used for further analysis. The accumulation of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), carbohydrates and protein was decreased in the presence of both insecticides. Acephate and imidacloprid induced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and increased the concentration of proline in the microalga, which play a defensive role against various environmental stresses. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased on exposure to both insecticides. C. mexicana also promoted 25 and 21 % removal of acephate and imidacloprid, respectively. The biochemical changes in C. mexicana on exposure to acephate and imidacloprid indicate that the microalga undergoes an adaptive change in response to the insecticide-induced oxidative stress.</P>
Lysosomal Storage Disorders in India: A Mini Review
Gupta, Neerja,Aggarwal, Bhawana,Kabra, Madhulika Association for Research of MPS and Rare Diseases 2018 Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare disease Vol.4 No.1
Lysosomal storage disorders are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders with protean manifestations and variable severity ranging from attenuated forms to severe ones. It is necessary to diagnose and manage these disorders timely before irreversible damage occurs. Prior to the era of enzyme replacement therapy and newer therapeutics, only treatment option available was palliative care. Over the past two decades, extensive research in the lysosomal storage disorders has led to substantial expansion of our understanding about them. This mini review focusses on the spectrum, challenges faced in the diagnosis and therapy and remedial actions taken so far in lysosomal storage disorders in resource constrained country like India.