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- 저자 : KAZUNORI OHASHI (검색결과 4 건)
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STM TIP-CURRENT-INDUCED POLYMERIZATION OF C60, Ce2@C80 AND Lu2@C76
HISANORI SHINOHARA,KAZUNORI OHASHI,NOBUYUKI FUKUI,MASAHIRO AKACHI,TAKAO AKACHI,HISASHI UMEMOTO,YASUHIRO ITO,TOSHIKI SUGAI,RYO KITAURA 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2009 NANO Vol.4 No.5
Polymerization of C60, Ce2@C80, and Lu2@C76 metallofullerenes induced by electron injection from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip has been studied. C60 polymerization has been observed only with C60 multilayer on Au(111) and not with C60 monolayer on Au(111). The Ce2@C80 metallofullerene on Si(111)-7 × 7 also polymerizes by electron injection but has less polymerization reactivity than C60. Interestingly, the Lu2@C76 metallofullerene on Si(111)-7 × 7 does not show any polymerization. Based on these STM observations on the tip-induced polymerization, the direction of the bond formation and the dependence of reactivity on the kind of fullerenes are discussed.
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Yasuko Kawakami,Kazuo Yamazaki,Kazunori Ohashi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.2
The ladybird beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius), has a remarkable elytral colour polymorphism composed of black and red. In the present study, we investigated the effect of temperature on growth from the first instar larva to the pupal stage, as well as maternal morph types on the phenotypic expression of the elytral colour morph in a polymorphic population from Osaka, Japan. Female individuals of three different elytral colour morphs were collected from a wild population, and hatchlings from each female were divided into three groups, which were reared at three constant temperatures: 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C. The phenotypic frequency of F1 adults indicated that the elytral morph type was determined by genetic factors, but not by growth temperatures. Namely, type A (almost black morph) was the most abundant in F1 from type A mothers (Male: 52.6%; Female: 32.3%); and types B (four small-dotted morph) and F (four medium-dotted morph) were the most abundant from type B (Male: 56.7%; Female: 53.3%) and type G (four larger-dotted morph) mothers (Male: 33.3%; Female: 31.3%), respectively. Therefore, the expression of elytral colour polymorphism in the Osaka, Japan population is likely to have a genetic basis contingent on parental morphs, rather than a phenotypic plasticity associated with growth temperatures
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Kawakami Yasuko,Yamazaki Kazuo,Ohashi Kazunori,Nakahama Naoyuki 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4
Many ladybird species are known to have an elytral colour polymorphism, which indicates geographical vari ation. The ladybird beetle Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) exhibits elytral colour polymorphism and has expanded its distribution from 33 ◦ N to 36 ◦ N in Japan over 100 years since 1900. The mitochondrial COI gene haplotypes were integrated into two haplotype groups, with one group existing at higher frequencies in lower latitudes, the other group appearing at higher frequencies in higher latitudes. In addition, the dark morph types of this species increase with latitude, whereas the light types appear at higher relative frequencies in lower latitudes. In the present study, we first determined the morph types of individuals and examined the mitochondrial DNA COI gene. Second, we investigated the relationship between the genetic population structure based on the mitochondrial DNA COI gene and the morph types’ geographical variation. Results indicated that the mtCOI genetic structure was associated with the morph types by latitude; specifically, the haplotype group existing at higher frequencies in lower latitudes tended to be light morph types. In contrast, the haplotype dominant in higher latitudes more frequently exhibited dark morph types, indicating that dark morph types in the higher latitude genetic group may have led the distributional expansion toward higher latitudes since 1900 rather than the lower latitude light morph types.
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Iwamoto, Masachika,Ogawa, Daisuke,Yasutake, Yuhsuke,Azuma, Yasuo,Umemoto, Hisashi,Ohashi, Kazunori,Izumi, Noriko,Shinohara, Hisanori,Majima, Yutaka American Chemical Society 2010 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.114 No.35
<P>We identified the orientation of individual Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> molecules on alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at a molecular resolution. STM images of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> on alkanethiol SAMs at 65 K showed a striped structure corresponding to the molecular orbitals of the Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> molecule, suggesting that thermal rotation of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> on alkanethiol SAMs is prevented at 65 K. By comparing these molecular-resolution STM images with Kohn−Sham molecular orbitals of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> calculated by density functional theory (DFT), we identified the molecular orientation of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB>. Spatial mapping of the differential conductance on individual Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> molecules revealed that the local conductivity within a molecule became large around the Lu atom at a negative sample bias voltage. From spatial mapping of the differential conductance measurements, we also evaluated the HOMO−LUMO gap of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> to be 0.47 eV. From the results of the spatial mapping of the differential conductance and DFT calculations, the locally high conductivity around the Lu atom was attributed to the HOMO-2 level orbital concentrated on the Lu atom and its six nearest C atoms at 0.055 eV below the HOMO level. We demonstrated changes in the molecular orientation of Lu@C<SUB>82</SUB> by applying a high electric field (about 1 × 10<SUP>7</SUP> V/cm) with a large tunneling current (1.5 nA).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2010/jpccck.2010.114.issue-35/jp1023394/production/images/medium/jp-2010-023394_0007.gif'></P>
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