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Symmetry induced peculiar Rashba effect on thallium adsorbed Si(111) surfaces
Sakamoto, K.,Oda, T.,Kimura, A.,Takeichi, Y.,Fujii, J.,Uhrberg, R.I.G.,Donath, M.,Yeom, H.W. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2015 Journal of electron spectroscopy and related pheno Vol.201 No.-
The geometric symmetry of the surface plays an important role for the spin-orbit-induced spin texture of two-dimensional electronic states. This article reviews the peculiar Rashba spins induced by a C<SUB>3</SUB> symmetry, including the completely spin polarized surface states with the polarization vector oriented perpendicular to the surface, i.e. a direction that is not expected in a typical Rashba system. This review also describes that this peculiar Rashba situation has possibility to suppress backscattering and therefore to greatly improve the efficiency of spin transport, which is an essential issue in the development of high-performance semiconductor spintronic devices.
Phthalate Levels in Beverages in Japan and Korea
Yano, K.,Hirosawa, N.,Sakamoto, Y.,Katayama, H.,Moriguchi, T.,Joung, K. E.,Sheen, Y. Y.,Asaoka, K. 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2002 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.11
Considerable number of endocrine disruptors (7 compounds) are known today (Japan Environmental Agency, 1998). Among them, phthalates are considered to be in most abundance in our environment. The production of phthalates in Japan was 474 thousand tones in 1998 (Kasozai Kogyo Kai, 1999), around 56% of which was di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) uesd mainly as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) production, is widely used in PVC, nitrocellulose polyvinyl acetate, painting inks, adhesives and lacquers. PVC contains up to 40% phthalates by weight wuthout covalently binding to other ingredients in the PVC(Needham et al., 2000). Thus, significant amounts of DEHP and DBP are easily released from the plastics into the environment during production, used and disposal, resulting in the pollution of food air, water, soil and homes.
( M Hakoda ),( K Aburai ),( K Tanaka ),( K Sakai ),( H Sakai ),( M Abe ),( S Hashimoto ),( K Sakamoto ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2
Stratum Corneum Intercellular Lipid (SCL) plays a key role for the skin barrier function and investigation of its structure and function is crucial for the development of effective trans-dermal delivery of drugs and functional cosmetics. Primary constituents of SCL are simple equi-molar mixture of ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol, though there are multiple varieties of ceramides, fatty acids involved. In order to avoid such complexity of components, there are several model SCLs proposed to investigate the mechanism of percutaneous penetration. Even though, development of simple but relevant model with structural and functional resemblance to the real SCL is still of great importance for the advancement of skin barrier research. Here we propose novel and simple method to prepare model SCL useful to investigate how materials or formulations are interact with skin. After screening of various ceramides and fatty acids with cholesterol, we have chosen equi-molar combination of ceramide3 with oleoyl group, stearic acid and cholesterol as a model SCL. To be an appropriate model to study barrier function, structural uniformity of lamellar layers in the sample is indispensable. After various trials to prepare layered SCL structures including traditional Bangham method for the liposome preparation, we have established novel method for the preparation of model SCL. That is simply to mix three components to melt at 120 °C as clear solution. After quenching to 80 °C, acetate buffer with pH 5.5 is added to be 20 wt% hydrated SCL which is a normal water content as natural stratum corneum (SC). Despite of such a simple preparation method, resulted sample showed highly desirable properties as a model SCL, namely structural characteristics similar to SC by SAXS and DSC analysis and uniformly layered lamellar structure by EM observation. By using this model, interaction and translocation of model SCL to or through SC can be analyzed.
6d Dirac fermion on a rectangle; scrutinizing boundary conditions, mode functions and spectrum
Fujimoto, Y.,Hasegawa, K.,Nishiwaki, K.,Sakamoto, M.,Tatsumi, K. North Holland 2017 Nuclear physics, B Vol.922 No.-
We classify possible boundary conditions of a 6d Dirac fermion Ψ on a rectangle under the requirement that the 4d Lorentz structure is maintained, and derive the profiles and spectrum of the zero modes and nonzero KK modes under the two specific boundary conditions, (i) 4d-chirality positive components being zero at the boundaries and (ii) internal chirality positive components being zero at the boundaries. In the case of (i), twofold degenerated chiral zero modes appear which are localized towards specific directions of the rectangle pointed by an angle parameter θ. This leads to an implication for a new direction of pursuing the origin of three generations in the matter fields of the standard model, even though triple-degenerated zero modes are not realized in the six dimensions. When such 6d fermions couple with a 6d scalar with a vacuum expectation value, θ contributes to a mass matrix of zero-mode fermions consisting of Yukawa interactions. The emergence of the angle parameter θ originates from a rotational symmetry in the degenerated chiral zero modes on the rectangle extra dimensions since they do not feel the boundaries. In the case of (ii), this rotational symmetry is promoted to the two-dimensional conformal symmetry though no chiral massless zero mode appears. We also discuss the correspondence between our model on a rectangle and orbifold models in some details.