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자궁경부 종양에서 Nested PCR을 이용한 인유두종 바이러스 16형 및 18형의 검출과 임상적 의의
최규연,이종국,최승도,배동한,김휘준,김민관 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2
The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HPV types(16, 18) in cervix of gynecologic patients and to elucidate the relationship of HPV types(16, 18) and clinical characteristics. Human papilloma virus(HPV) has attracted attention as one of the viruses linked to human cancers. Numerous clinical, epidemiological, and molecular studies indicate that certain genital HPV types are associated with cervical carcinoma. Of 100 types of HPV identified today, at least 40 have been found in the anogenital mucosa. A classification of these types into three groups with differing pathogenicity has been proposed: HPV type 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44 are detected more frequently in benign lesions such as condylomata; HPV type 31, 33, 35, 51, 52, and 58 are found more often in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions than invasive lesions; and HPV 16, 18, 45, and 56 are predominant in high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive carcinoma. To detect HPV types prevalent in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a type-specific, sensitive polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-based assay for HPV types 16, 18 was applied to 18 cervical carcinomas(15 squamous cell carcinomas and 3 adenocarcinomas), 21 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN), and 42 samples of cervicitis and histologically normal. DNA extraction from cervical swab was done using DNAzol™(MBI, USA) and Nested PCR was done using HPV detection kit(Bioneer, Korea). The amplified product was analyzed directly on the basis of the site of ethidium bromide-stained band visible after agarose gel electrophoresis. The results were as follows 1. The positivity rates of HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 were 12.5%(90/718), 2,5%(18/718). so, HPV 16 positive cases(12.5%) was five folds as HPV 18 positive cases(2.5%) 2. Forty eight percents(39/81) of HPV 16 or HPV 18 positive cases were CIN, microinvasive cancer. 3. Age, Gestation number, Clinical stage, Histologic cell type in relation to HPV types were not statistically significant.
Two distinct influences of Arctic warming on cold winters over North America and East Asia
Kug, Jong-Seong,Jeong, Jee-Hoon,Jang, Yeon-Soo,Kim, Baek-Min,Folland, Chris K.,Min, Seung-Ki,Son, Seok-Woo Nature Publishing Group 2015 Nature geoscience Vol.8 No.10
Arctic warming has sparked a growing interest because of its possible impacts on mid-latitude climate. A number of unusually harsh cold winters have occurred in many parts of East Asia and North America in the past few years, and observational and modelling studies have suggested that atmospheric variability linked to Arctic warming might have played a central role. Here we identify two distinct influences of Arctic warming which may lead to cold winters over East Asia or North America, based on observational analyses and extensive climate model results. We find that severe winters across East Asia are associated with anomalous warmth in the Barents–Kara Sea region, whereas severe winters over North America are related to anomalous warmth in the East Siberian–Chukchi Sea region. Each regional warming over the Arctic Ocean is accompanied by the local development of an anomalous anticyclone and the downstream development of a mid-latitude trough. The resulting northerly flow of cold air provides favourable conditions for severe winters in East Asia or North America. These links between Arctic and mid-latitude weather are also robustly found in idealized climate model experiments and CMIP5 multi-model simulations. We suggest that our results may help improve seasonal prediction of winter weather and extreme events in these regions.
Kug, Jong-Seong,An, Soon-Il Korean Meteorological Society 2010 大氣 Vol.20 No.2
The interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean SST is investigated by analyzing the ocean assimilation data. It is significant that since 1970, ENSO events frequently followed the Indian Ocean Dipole event. The SST tendency due to the dynamical SST advections over the tropical Indian Ocean sufficiently overwhelms that due to other thermodynamic process during the fall and winter of ENSO. Especially, the strong cooling due to the anomalous vertical advection by the mean upwelling and the warming due to the horizontal advection are attributed to the cold SST during the fall and the warm SST during the winter, respectively. The significant warming between winter and spring over the southwestern Indian Ocean turns out to be due to the vertical advection of the mean subsurface temperature by the anomalous upwelling during the winter and the vertical advection of the anomalous subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling from winter to spring. We speculate that when the Indian Ocean Dipole events concurred with the ENSO, the surface wind is so strong enough as to generate the change in the SST dynamically and overwhelm the SST changes associated with other effects.