Historicizing “Korean Criminality”

Joel Matthews(조엘 매튜스) 고려대학교 한국사연구소 2017 International Journal of Korean History Vol.22 No.1

이 연구는 일본 식민지배의 맥락에서 조선인들을 잠정적인 범죄자로 몰면서 지배와 감시, 그리고 처벌을 동반하였던 담론을 다루고자 한다. 피식민인들을 잠정적인 범죄혐의자로 보는 이와 같은 담론은 19세기 후반 일본의 제국주의 인식 및 피식민인의 법적 지위에 대한 지식으로부터 기인하였다. 이 연구는 전간기 “불령선인(不逞鮮人)” 호칭 및 조선인들의 경제적 우범지대로써의 1940년대 암시장의 등장을 분석하였으며, 그를 통해 인종적으로 조선인을 규정짓는데 범죄와 파괴의 기준이 적용된 것, 그리고 잠정적 범죄혐의자 인식이 전후 재일조선인에 대한 합법적인 배제와 차별을 정당화하게 된 과정을 보여준다. In the context of Japanese colonialism, this article examines the discourse of colonial criminality that came to epistemologically position the Korean colonial subject as criminal and therefore necessitating domination, surveillance and punishment. The discourse of colonial criminality stemmed from Japan’s late nineteenth century epistemological commitment to imperialism and concomitant knowledge of law and the legality of colonial subjects. Through an analysis that historicizes the “criminal Korean” (futei senjin) epithet in the prewar and the emergence of yami as a signifier of Korean economic criminality throughout the 1940s, this article illustrates how the racialization of Koreans in Japan was both framed in terms of crime and subversion, and how that criminality functioned as a justification for postcolonial legalized exclusion and discrimination.

The Tethered Fates of Japan’s “Foreigner” Communities: Zainichi Koreans, Residency Provisions, and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Joel Matthews,Eiko Osaka 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2023 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.36 No.2

This article explores how the fates of Japan’s “foreign” communities—both “oldcomer” Zainichi Korean residents and “newcomer” foreign residents—have, especially since the 1990s, become tethered to one another. The authors argue that the postwar Zainichi Korean campaigns for legal, social, economic, educational, ethnic, constitutional, and welfare benefits have laid a foundation of “residency provisions” that the contemporary newcomer foreign community have also come to heavily rely on. However, access to such residency provisions by non-Japanese has increasingly come under attack from nativist and xenophobic groups such as the Zaitokukai and political parties such as the Japan First Party. More recently, waves of COVID-19 pandemic border closures and “states of emergency” incited a cultural and political environment in which “foreigners” became inextricably linked to the virus as a threat. Political and public support for border closures and stricter immigration controls coalesced with divisive and xenophobic movements that had primarily targeted Zainichi Koreans. The authors maintain this resulted in a shift towards exclusionary discourses directed at Japan’s “foreigner” communities more generally. As social outgroups in contemporary Japan, Zainichi Koreans and newcomer foreigners are semantically, socially, and—most importantly—politically excluded through the Japanese/foreigner divide that continues to permeate Japanese self-consciousness. In conclusion, the case study of “IKUNO Tabunka Flat” is introduced as a model of Zainichi Korean grass-roots multiculturalism that attempts to overcome social division and isolation in Ikuno’s “foreign” communities and assist in the creation of a more substantive and meaningful multicultural community in contemporary Japan.

Vedolizumab for perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

( Fares Ayoub ),( Matthew Odenwald ),( Dejan Micic ),( Sushila R. Dalal ),( Joel Pekow ),( Russell D. Cohen ),( David T. Rubin ),( Atsushi Sakuraba ) 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.2

Background/Aims: Perianal fistulas are a debilitating manifestation of Crohn’s disease (CD). Despite the advent of anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy, the medical management of fistulizing CD continues to be challenged by unmet needs. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of vedolizumab for the management of perianal fistulizing CD. Methods: A search of PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library was performed from inception to June 2020 for studies reporting rates of perianal fistula healing in CD patients treated with vedolizumab. The primary outcome of interest was complete healing of perianal fistulas and the secondary outcome was partial healing. The pooled fistula healing rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated utilizing a random effects model. Results: A total of 74 studies were initially identified, 4 of which met the inclusion criteria. A total of 198 patients with active perianal fistulas were included, 87% of whom had failed previous anti-TNF therapy. The pooled complete healing rate was 27.6% (95% CI, 18.9%-37.3%) with moderate heterogeneity (I2=49.4%) and the pooled partial healing rate was 34.9% (95% CI, 23.2%-47.7%) with high heterogeneity (I²=67.1%). Conclusions: In a meta-analysis of 4 studies that included 198 patients with perianal fistulizing CD, the majority of whom had failed previous anti-TNF therapy, vedolizumab treatment led to healing of perianal fistulas in nearly one-third of the patients. The lack of high-quality data and significant study heterogeneity underscores the need for future prospective studies of fistula healing in patients receiving anti-integrin therapy. (Intest Res 2022;20:240-250)

Use of custom glenoid components for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Punyawat Apiwatanakul,Prashant Meshram,Andrew B. Harris,Joel Bervell,Piotr Łukasiewicz,Ridge Maxson,Matthew J Best,Edward G. McFarland 대한견주관절학회 2023 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Background: Our purpose was to evaluate a custom reverse total shoulder arthroplasty glenoid baseplate for severe glenoid deficiency, emphasizing the challenges with this approach, including short-term clinical and radiographic outcomes and complications. Methods: This was a single-institution, retrospective series of 29 patients between January 2017 and December 2022 for whom a custom glenoid component was created for extensive glenoid bone loss. Patients were evaluated preoperatively and at intervals for up to 5 years. All received preoperative physical examinations, plain radiographs, and computed tomography (CT). Intra- and postoperative complications are reported. Results: Of 29 patients, delays resulted in only undergoing surgery, and in three of those, the implant did not match the glenoid. For those three, the time from CT scan to implantation averaged 7.6 months (range, 6.1–10.7 months), compared with 5.5 months (range, 2–8.6 months) for those whose implants fit. In patients with at least 2-year follow-up (n=9), no failures occurred. Significant improvements were observed in all patient-reported outcome measures in those nine patients (American Shoulder and Elbow Score, P<0.01; Simple Shoulder Test, P=0.02; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation, P<0.01; Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Index, P<0.01). Range of motion improved for forward flexion and abduction (P=0.03 for both) and internal rotation up the back (P=0.02). Pain and satisfaction also improved (P<0.01 for both). Conclusions: Prolonged time (>6 months) from CT scan to device implantation resulted in bone loss that rendered the implants unusable. Satisfactory short-term radiographic and clinical follow-up can be achieved with a well-fitting device. Level of evidence: III.

p‐Type InP Nanopillar Photocathodes for Efficient Solar‐Driven Hydrogen Production

Lee, Min Hyung,Takei, Kuniharu,Zhang, Junjun,Kapadia, Rehan,Zheng, Maxwell,Chen, Yu‐,Ze,Nah, Junghyo,Matthews, Tyler S.,Chueh, Yu‐,Lun,Ager, Joel W.,Javey, Ali WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 Angewandte Chemie Vol.124 No.43

<P><B>Perfekte Textur</B>: Der Einfluss der Oberflächen‐Nanotexturierung, der TiO<SUB>2</SUB>‐Passivierung und des Ru‐Cokatalysators auf die photoelektrochemische Wasserstoffentwicklung durch p‐InP‐Photokathoden wurde untersucht. Höhere Stromdichten und günstigere Onset‐Potentiale werden nach Oberflächen‐Nanotexturierung beobachtet. NHE=Normalwasserstoffelektrode.</P>