Dietary corn resistant starch regulates intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating the Notch signaling pathway of broilers

Zhang Yingying,Liu Yingsen,Li Jiaolong,Xing Tong,Jiang Yun,Zhang Lin,Gao Feng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.12

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary corn resistant starch (RS) on the intestinal morphology and barrier functions of broilers. Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old broilers were randomly allocated to 5 dietary treatments: one normal corn–soybean (NC) diet, one corn–soybean–based diet supplementation with 20% corn starch (CS), and 3 corn–soybean–based diets supplementation with 4%, 8%, and 12% corn resistant starch (RS) (identified as 4% RS, 8% RS, and 12% RS, respectively). Each group had eight replicates with eight broilers per replicate. After 21 days feeding, one bird with a body weight (BW) close to the average BW of their replicate was selected and slaughtered. The samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum digesta, and blood were collected. Results: Birds fed 4% RS, 8% RS and 12% RS diets showed lower feed intake, BW gain, jejunal villus height (VH), duodenal crypt depth (CD), jejunal VH/CD ratio, duodenal goblet cell density as well as mucin1 mRNA expressions compared to the NC group, but showed higher concentrations of cecal acetic acid and butyric acid, percentage of jejunal proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells and delta like canonical Notch ligand 4 (Dll4), and hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 mRNA expressions. However, there were no differences on the plasma diamine oxidase activity and D-lactic acid concentration among all groups. Conclusion: These findings suggested that RS could suppress intestinal morphology and barrier functions by activating Notch pathway and inhibiting the development of goblet cells, resulting in decreased mucins and tight junction mRNA expression.

Uncertainty‑Based Performance Prediction and Optimization of High‑Fluidization Cement Grouting Material Using Machine Learning and Bayesian Inference

Jiaolong Ren,Meng Wang,Lin Zhang,Zedong Zhao,Jian Wang,Jingchun Chen,Hongbo Zhao 한국콘크리트학회 2023 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.17 No.2

Effects of Tributyrin on Intestinal Energy Status, Antioxidative Capacity and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Broilers

Li, Jiaolong,Hou, Yongqing,Yi, Dan,Zhang, Jun,Wang, Lei,Qiu, Hongyi,Ding, Binying,Gong, Joshua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.12

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of tributyrin (TB) on the growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, energy status, disaccharidase activity, and antioxidative capacity of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 4 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangements of treatments with TB supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg) and LPS challenge (0 or $500{\mu}g/kg$ body weight [BW]). On days 22, 24, and 26 of the trial, broilers received an intraperitoneal administration of $500{\mu}g/kg$ BW LPS or saline. Dietary TB showed no effect on growth performance. However, LPS challenge decreased the average daily gain of broilers from day 22 to day 26 of the trial. Dietary TB supplementation inhibited the increase of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (in the jejunum and ileum), interleukin-6 (in the duodenum and jejunum), and prostaglandin $E_2$ (in the duodenum) of LPS-challenged broilers. Similar inhibitory effects of TB in the activities of total nitric oxide synthase (in the ileum) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (in the jejunum) were also observed in birds challenged with LPS. Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and total adenine nucleotide and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that the TB supplementation was able to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in the small intestine of LPS-challenged broilers.

Effects of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on the small intestinal mucosa barrier in weaned piglets

Xing, Shen,Zhang, Bolin,Lin, Meng,Zhou, Ping,Li, Jiaolong,Zhang, Lin,Gao, Feng,Zhou, Guanghong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.2

Objective: The study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the intestinal mucosa barrier in piglets. Methods: A total of 180 barrows with initial weight $10.01{\pm}0.03kg$ were randomly allocated to three treatments, and each treatment consisted of three pens and twenty pigs per pen. The piglets of three groups were fed with control diet [0.62% alanine (Ala)], Ala-Gln diet (0.5% Ala-Gln), Gln diet (0.34% Gln and 0.21% Ala), respectively. Results: The results showed that in comparison with control diet, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased the height of villi in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05), Gln supplementation increased the villi height of jejunum (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), raised the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation enlarged the number of goblet cells in duodenal and ileal epithelium (p<0.05), Gln increased the number of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium (p<0.05) and Ala-Gln supplementation improved the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the jejunal mucosa (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could maintain the integrity of small intestine and promote the functions of intestinal mucosa barriers in piglets.

Effect of Different Tumbling Marination Methods and Time on the Water Status and Protein Properties of Prepared Pork Chops

Tian Gao,Jiaolong Li,Lin Zhang,Yun Jiang,Maowen Yin,Yang Liu,Feng Gao,Guanghong Zhou 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.7

The combined effect of tumbling marination methods (vacuum continuous tumbling marination, CT; vacuum intermittent tumbling marination, IT) and effective tumbling time (4, 6, 8, and 10 h) on the water status and protein properties of prepared pork chops was investigated. Results showed that regardless of tumbling time, CT method significantly decreased the muscle fiber diameter (MD) and significantly increased the total moisture content, product yield, salt soluble proteins (SSP) solubility, immobilized water component (p<0.05) compared with IT method. With the effective tumbling time increased from 4 h to 10 h, the fat content and the MD were significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas the SSP solubility of prepared pork chops increased firstly and then decreased. Besides, an interactive effect between CT method and effective tumbling time was also observed for the chemical composition and proportion of immobilized water (p<0.05). These results demonstrated that CT method of 8 h was the most beneficial for improving the muscle structure and water distribution status, increasing the water-binding capacity and accelerating the marinade efficiency of pork chops; and thus, it should be chosen as the most optimal treatment method for the processing production of prepared pork chops.

The impaired redox status and activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway in wooden breast myopathy in broiler chickens

Pan Xiaona,Zhang Lin,Xing Tong,Li Jiaolong,Gao Feng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies. Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase‐1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds. Objective: Wooden breast (WB) is a novel myopathy affecting modern broiler chickens, which causes substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of WB abnormality on meat quality, redox status, as well as the expression of genes of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway.Methods: A total of 80 broilers (Ross 308, 42 days of age, about 2.6 kg body weight) raised at Jiujin farm (Suqian, Jiangsu, China) were used. Twelve unaffected (no detectable hardness of the breast area) and twelve WB-affected (diffuse remarkable hardness in the breast muscle) birds were selected from the commercial broiler farm according to the criteria proposed by previous studies.Results: The results indicated that WB showed histological lesions characterized by fiber degeneration and fibrosis, along with an increase of muscle fiber diameter (p<0.05). Moreover, higher pH value, lightness, yellowness, drip loss and cooking loss were observed in the WB group (p<0.05). Compared with the normal breast (NOR) group, the WB group showed higher formation of reactive oxygen species (p<0.05), increased level of oxidation products and antioxidant activities (p<0.05), accompanied with mitochondrial damages and lower mitochondrial membrane potential (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the relative mRNA expressions of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase‐1, NAD(P)H qui none dehydrogenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were higher than those of the NOR group (p<0.05).Conclusion: In conclusion, WB myopathy impairs meat quality by causing oxidative damages and mitochondrial dysfunction in broilers, even though the activated Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway provides protection for the birds.

Effects of dietary marigold extract supplementation on growth performance, pigmentation, antioxidant capacity and meat quality in broiler chickens

Wang, Shuhao,Zhang, Lin,Li, Jiaolong,Cong, Jiahui,Gao, Feng,Zhou, Guanghong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.1

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with marigold extract on growth performance, pigmentation, antioxidant capacity and meat quality in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 320 one-day-old Arbor Acres chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates of 8 chickens each. The chickens of control group were fed with basal diet and other experimental groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.075%, 0.15%, 0.30%, and 0.60% marigold extract respectively (the corresponding concentrations of lutein were 15, 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg). Results: The results showed that marigold extract supplementation increased the yellowness values of shank, beak, skin and muscle and the redness ($a^*$) value of thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01). Marigold extract supplementation significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, and the activities of superoxide dismutase in liver and thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01) and significantly decreased the malondialdehyde contents of liver and thigh muscle (linear, p<0.01). Marigold extract supplementation significantly decreased the drip loss and shear force of thigh muscles (linear, p<0.01). There was no significant effect on growth performance with marigold extract supplementation. Conclusion: In conclusion, dietary supplementation of marigold extract significantly increased the yellowness values of carcass, antioxidant capacity and meat quality in broiler chickens.

Effect of Different Tumbling Marination Treatments on the Quality Characteristics of Prepared Pork Chops

Tian Gao,Jiaolong Li,Lin Zhang,Yun Jiang,Ruixue Ma,Lei Song,Feng Gao,Guanghong Zhou 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.2

The effect of different tumbling marination treatments (control group, CG; conventional static marination, SM; vacuum continuous tumbling marination, CT; vacuum intermittent tumbling marination, IT) on the quality characteristics of prepared pork chops was investigated under simulated commercial conditions. The CT treatment increased (p<0.05) the pH value, b* value, product yield, tenderness, overall flavor, sensory juiciness and overall acceptability in comparison to other treatments for prepared boneless pork chops. The CT treatment decreased (p<0.05) cooking loss, shear force value, hardness, gumminess and chewiness compared with other treatments. In addition, CT treatment effectively improved springiness and sensory color more than other treatments. However, IT treatment achieved the numerically highest (p<0.05) L* and a* values. These results suggested that CT treatment obtained the best quality characteristics of prepared pork chops and should be adopted as the optimal commercial processing method for this prepared boneless pork chops.

Plastic / Superplastic Forming : ISOTHERMAL DEFORMATION AT HIGH STRAIN RATE AND MIDDLE TEMPERATURE OF A Ti - 8Co - 5Al ALLOY

Ge Honglin,Zhang Jin Xu,Xu Jiaolong 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1995 Advanced Material and Processing Vol.1 No.-

In ovo feeding of creatine pyruvate alters energy metabolism in muscle of embryos and post-hatch broilers

Tong Yang,Minmeng Zhao,Jiaolong Li,Lin Zhang,Yun Jiang,Guanghong Zhou,Feng Gao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.6

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) on the energy metabolism in thigh muscle of embryos and neonatal broilers. Methods: A total of 960 eggs were randomly assigned to three treatments: i) non-injected control group, ii) saline group injected with 0.6 mL of physiological saline (0.75%), and iii) CrPyr group injected with 0.6 mL of physiologi-cal saline (0.75%) containing 12 mg CrPyr/egg on 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 120 male chicks (close to the average body weight of the pooled group) in each group were randomly assigned to eight replications. The feeding experiment lasted 7 days. Results: The results showed that IOF of CrPyr increased glucose concentrations in the thigh muscle of broilers on 2 d after injection (p<0.05). Compared with the control and saline groups, the concentration of creatine in CrPyr group was increased on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Moreover, IOF of CrPyr increased the creatine kinase activity at hatch and increased the activities of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase on 2 d after injection and the day of hatch (p<0.05). Chicks in CrPyr group showed higher mRNA expressions of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) and GLUT8 on the day of hatch (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that IOF of CrPyr was beneficial to enhance muscle energy reserves of em-bryos and hatchlings.