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Li-jun Liang,Chen-xi Hu,Yi-xuan Wen,Xiao-wei Geng,Ting Chen,Guo-qing Gu,Lei Wang,You-you Xia,Yong Liu,Jia-yan Fei,Jie Dong,Feng-hua Zhao,Yiliyar Ahongjiang,Kai-yuan Hui,Xiao-dong Jiang 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.2
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the potential systemic antitumor effects of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) and apatinib (a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) via reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for lung carcinoma. Materials and Methods Lewis lung cancer cells were injected into C57BL/6 mice in the left hindlimb (primary tumor; irradiated) and in the right flank (secondary tumor; nonirradiated). When both tumors grew to the touchable size, mice were randomly divided into eight treatment groups. These groups received normal saline or three distinct doses of apatinib (50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) daily for 7 days, in combination with a single dose of 15 Gy radiotherapy or not to the primary tumor. The further tumor growth/regression of mice were followed and observed. Results For the single 15 Gy modality, tumor growth delay could only be observed at the primary tumor. When combining SABR and apatinib 200 mg/kg, significant retardation of both primary and secondary tumor growth could be observed, indicated an abscopal effect was induced. Mechanism analysis suggested that programmed death-ligand 1 expression increased with SABR was counteract by additional apatinib therapy. Furthermore, when apatinib was combined with SABR, the composition of immune cells could be changed. More importantly, this two-pronged approach evoked tumor antigen–specific immune responses and the mice were resistant to another tumor rechallenge, finally, long-term survival was improved. Conclusion Our results suggested that the tumor microenvironment could be managed with apatinib, which was effective in eliciting an abscopal effect induced by SABR.
NPC-IGCT Phase Module Clamp Circuit LRC Parameters Design considering FRD snappy Recovery
Yang Ju Zou,Jia Xi Hu,Zhen Yu Ma,Jian Ping Liu,Run Qing Guo,Zhi Xue Zhang 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5
In this paper, a method for neutral point clamping-integrated gate commutated thyristor (NPCIGCT) phase module clamp circuit parameters design considering FRD snappy recovery is present. Based on the snappy recovery theory, and analysis of snappy recovery factors, the paper has shown decreasing current commutating slope can attenuated snappy recovery affect effectively. Then, the paper has shown that it is reasonable for decreasing di/dt by increasing inductance of NPC-IGCT phase module clamp circuit, based on the circuit working principle. Then, the new clamp circuit parameters design method which combine multi-objective optimization solution mathematical module of the circuit, fast recovery diode (FRD) snappy recovery, devices overvoltage and loss is shown in paper. A design example and its test results have demonstrated both IGCT and FRD characteristics have been guaranteed and ensuring safety and reliability of the NPC - IGCT phase module.