Improvement of liquid fuel atomization for an internal engine using an auxiliary device

Jia Ping Feng,최상인,서호석,조영민 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.10

Controlled atomization is essential for reducing soot emission in practical diesel engines. In this work, an auxiliary device called a FAD (fuel activation device) was inserted into the fuel injection line to induce cavitation in the diesel spray. The performance of the FAD was examined in terms of pollutant emissions in a field test as well as aerosol sizes in lab-scale experiments. Experimental results showed that FAD reduced the size distribution of injected droplets and decreased the fuel consumption rate and emission amounts of PM10, CO, and NOx by 42%, 50% and 13.4%, respectively.

HER2-enriched Tumors Have the Highest Risk of Local Recurrence in Chinese Patients Treated with Breast Conservation Therapy

Jia, Wei-Juan,Jia, Hai-Xia,Feng, Hui-Yi,Yang, Ya-Ping,Chen, Kai,Su, Feng-Xi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recurrence pattern and characteristics of patients based on the 2013 St. Gallen surrogate molecular subtypes after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in Chinese women. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 709 consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing BCS from 1999-2010 at our institution. Five different surrogate subtypes were created using combined expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2. Locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated. Results: The 5-year LRRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were 90.5%, 88.2%, and 81.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that young age, node-positive disease, and HER2 enrichment were independent prognostic factors in LRRFS patients. There was also an independent prognostic role of lymph node-positive disease in DMFS and DFS patients. Patients with luminal A tumors had the most favorable prognosis, with LRRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates of 93.2%, 91.5%, and 87.4% at 5 years, respectively. Conversely, HER-2-enriched tumors exhibited the highest rate of locoregional recurrence (20.6%). Conclusion: Surrogate subtypes present with significant differences in RFS, DMFS, and LRRFS. Luminal A tumors have the best prognosis, whereas HER2-enriched tumors have the poorest.

Controlled Synthesis of Branched Polystyrene via Free Radical Polymerization of Novel Chain Transfer Monomer

Cui-Ping Li,Jia-Qiang Wang,Jun Lin,Yan Shi,Zhi-Feng Fu 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.8

The free radical polymerization of styrene was carried out in the presence of a new found chain transfer monomer, p-vinyl benzene sulfonyl chloride (VBSC), which possesses both a chain transfer group and a polymerizable double bond. Branched polystyrene was formed during the polymerization, as indicated by multi-peaks gel permeation chromatography (GPC) curves of the products, the increase in the number-average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution along with monomer conversions. The structure of the obtained polystyrene was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that with increasing VBSC in the feed, the degree of branching and VBSC unit in the copolymer increased and a shortest polystyrene arm arose from the highest VBSC content in the feed, suggesting that the composition and structure of the branched polystyrenes could be tuned by the amount of VBSC in the feed. By tracing the structure change in the copolymer at various stages of polymerization, the main polymerization process can be regarded as the copolymerization of VBSC with styrene first and then chain transfer to polymeric radical to form branched polystyrene. This strategy is facile and less expensive than the other method.

A Multi-step Output Feedback Robust MPC Approach for LPV Systems with Bounded Parameter Changes and Disturbance

Xubin Ping,Peng Wang,Jia-Feng Zhang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.5

This paper considers a multi-step output feedback robust model predictive control (OFRMPC) approach for the linear parameter varying (LPV) systems with bounded changes of scheduling parameters and bounded disturbance. Less conservative bounds of future estimation error sets and system parametric uncertain sets are predicted by considering bounded changes of scheduling parameters in LPV systems. In the multi-step OFRMPC approach, an optimization problem is solved to obtain a sequence of controller gains, which considers predictions of future bounds of estimation error sets and system parametric uncertain sets. The optimized sequence of controller gains corresponding to a sequence of Lyaponov matrices have less constraint conditions and also introduce more degree of freedom for the optimization. The proposed multi-step OFRMPC guarantees robust uniform ultimately bounded of the estimation error and robust stability of the observer system. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

MLH1 Polymorphisms and Cancer risk: a Meta-analysis Based on 33 Case-control Studies

Xu, Jia-Li,Yin, Zhi-Qiang,Huang, Ming-De,Wang, Xie-Feng,Gao, Wen,Liu, Ling-Xiang,Wang, Rong-Sheng,Huang, Pu-Wen,Yin, Yong-Mei,Liu, Ping,Shu, Yong-Qian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Objective: Cumulative evidence suggests that MLH1, the key component in the mismatch pathway, plays an important role in human cancers. Two potential functional polymorphisms (-93G>A and I219V) of MLH1 have been implicated in cancer risk. The aim of this meta-analysis was to summarize the evidence for associations. Methods: Eligible studies were identified by searching the electronic literature PubMed, ScienceDirect and Embase databases for relevant reports and bibliographies. Studies were included if of case-control design investigating MLH1 polymorphisms (-93G>A and I219V) and cancer risk with sufficient raw data for analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to evaluate the strength of associations. Results: Our meta-analysis from 33 published case-control studies showed the variant A allele of -93G>A polymorphism to be associated with increased risk in all genetic models (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44), especially among non-Asians (AA vs. GG: OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.58). For the I219V polymorphism, however, there was no main effect associated with overall cancer risk in any genetic model. Conclusions: The meta-analysis suggested that the MLH1 -93G>A polymorphism may be a biomarker of cancer susceptibility. Large sample association studies and assessment of gene-to-gene as well as gene-to-environment interactions are required to confirm these findings.

Detection of Powdery Mildew of Bitter Gourd Based on NIR/Fluorescence Spectra

Gao Jia Yu,Wei Dong Zheng,Wang Xiang,Tang Jin Cheng,Xu Ji Tong,Zhao Ping,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Powdery mildew as one of the common vegetable diseases has very rapid infection. Its outbreak will bring about disastrous consequences to vegetable output; thus, it is of key importance to do rapid identifi cation and prevention of powdery mildew. Methods In this test, 100 bitter gourd leaves were collected as research samples, and the data of near-infrared spectra, fl uorescence spectra, and chromatic values L*a*b* , and the classic K-S algorithm was adopted to divide the sample sets; then, the quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination models were established. First, Pearson’s correlation analysis was carried out to fi nd the feasibility of taking a * as the modeling parameter, through cross-validation; the quantitative forecasting model was optimized by the PLSR (partial least squares regression) method. The model is also optimized by extracting the spectral feature bands using the continuous projection SPA method. Results The optimization results showed that the MSC + SPA + PLSR quantitative forecasting model of near-infrared spectra could eff ectively improve model precision, which was signifi cantly higher than that of fl uorescence spectra. Classifi cation Leaner was used to establish the quantitative forecasting model. Compared with the model of near-infrared spectra, the SPA + SVM qualitative discrimination model of fl uorescence spectra could improve the identifi cation precision of powdery mildew of bitter gourd as high as 98% through training. Conclusion This study proposed diff erent combination methods based on quantitative forecasting and qualitative discrimination and could provide a method and reference to the identifi cation of powdery mildew of bitter gourd.

Controlled Synthesis of Branched Polystyrene via RAFT Technique in the Presence of Chain Transfer Monomer p-Vinyl Benzene Sulfonyl Chloride

Cui-Ping Li,Jia-Qiang Wang,Yan Shi,Zan Liu,Jun Lin,Zhi-Feng Fu 한국고분자학회 2012 Macromolecular Research Vol.20 No.8

Branched polystyrene was first obtained via a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)process in the presence of chain transfer monomer p-vinyl benzene sulfonyl chloride (VBSC) in benzene at 60 oC with 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-yl dithiobenzoate as the RAFT agent and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. During the RAFT polymerization, VBSC played the role of branching agent. It could not only copolymerized but also acted as a chain transfer agent due to the polymerizable vinyl group and sulfonyl chloride chain transfer group in the VBSC. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) traces demonstrated that the number-average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions increased along with monomer conversion. Compared with the RAFT process without VBSC, the resulting polymers had broad molecular weight distributions and the sulfonyl functionality of the resultant polymer at the branching point, indicating the formation of branched polystyrene. The structure of the obtained polystyrene was further analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The findings indicated that the branched polystyrene was mainly formed via the RAFT copolymerization of VBSC and styrene firstly to form polystyrene bearing pendant sulfonyl chloride group, and then the pendant sulfonyl chloride group acted as the chain transfer agent to generate the branched structure. In addition, the degree of branching and VBSC unit in copolymer increased along with the VBSC in the feed, implying that composition and structure of the branched polystyrenes could be tuned by the amount of VBSC in the feed.

Evaluation of the cavitation effect on liquid fuel atomization by numerical simulation

최상인,Jia Ping Feng,서호석,조영민,이현창 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.11

Heavy duty diesel vehicles deteriorate urban air quality by discharging a large volume of air pollutants such as soot and nitrogen oxides. In this study, a newly introduced auxiliary device a fuel activation device (FAD) to improve the combustion efficiency of internal engines by utilizing the cavitation effect was closely investigated by the fluid flow mechanism via a numerical analysis method. As a result, the FAD contributed to fuel atomization from the injection nozzle at lower inlet pressure by reducing the pressure energy. The improved cavitation effect facilitated fuel atomization, and ultimately reduced pollutant emission due to the decrease in fuel consumption. The axial velocity along the flow channel was increased 8.7 times with the aid of FAD, which improved the primary break-up of bubbles. The FAD cavitation effect produced 1.09-times larger turbulent bubbles under the same pressure and fuel injection amount than without FAD.

Long-term surgical outcomes of liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection: A multicenter observational study

Hang-Dong JIA,Lei LIANG,Chao LI,Han WU,Hong WANG,Ying-Jian LIANG,Ya-Hao ZHOU,Wei-Min GU,Xin-Ping FAN,Wan Yee LAU,Timothy M. PAWLIK,Yong-Kang DIAO,Qiu-Ran XU,Feng SHEN,Cheng-Wu ZHANG,Dong-Sheng HUANG,T 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-

Synthesis and Characterization of pH and Temperature Sensitive Hydrogel Based on Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Poly(ε-caprolactone), Methylacrylic Acid, and Methoxyl Poly(ethylene glycol)

Xu Xu,Jia Song,Ke Wang,YingChun Gu,Feng Luo,XiaoHai Tang,Ping Xie,ZhiYong Qian 한국고분자학회 2013 Macromolecular Research Vol.21 No.8

In this paper, a novel biodegradable and pH/thermo-sensitive hydrogel based on poly(ε-caprolactone),methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol), methylacrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide was prepared by UV-initiated free radical polymerization. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transforms infrared ray. The thermal responsibility was investigated with the help of differential scanning calorimetry. Swelling behavior in aqueous medium with different pH value was studied in detail. When the pH value of the aqueous medium was increased from 1.2 to 7.2,the swelling ratio of the hydrogels increased accordingly. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the hydrolytic degradation behavior in different aqueous media (pH 1.2 and pH 7.2) was also investigated in detail. The prepared biodegradable pH/thermo-sensitive hydrogel based on poly(ε-caprolactone), methoxyl poly(ethylene glycol), methylacrylic acid and N-isopropylacrylamide hold great promise in the development of a smart drug delivery system.