The multifaceted role of mangiferin in health and diseases: a review

Jangra Ashok,Arora Mandeep Kumar,Kisku Anglina,Sharma Sonal 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2021 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.21 No.4

A wide range of natural products including, flavonoids have been studied for their therapeutic potential in different diseases. Mangiferin (2-c-b-d-glucopyranosyl 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone), a natural plant xanthonoid polyphenol present mainly in the leaves and bark of Mangifera indica exhibited therapeutic activities in the treatment of various illnesses. Mounting evidence suggested mangiferin as a potent compound having diverse pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-asthamtic, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Mangiferin can be considered powerful free radical scavenging activity along with multifaceted molecular targets, such as NF-ҡB, Nrf2-HO-1, PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ TGF-β, SIRT-1, mTOR, AMPK, and PPARγ signaling pathways in different pathological conditions. The current review article presents an overview of major pharmacological actions and underlying pleotropic molecular mechanisms of mangiferin that have been reported in the recent literature that sheds the light on the potential of this phytoconstituent as intriguing therapeutic approach for the management of different pathological conditions. A narrative review of all the relevant papers published right from the first article on mangiferin to articles of 2020 was conducted and required data was extracted from selected papers. For the same pubmed, and other digital repository sites were explored.

Panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, rescues the angiogenic potential of endothelial colony-forming cells in moyamoya disease

Jangra, Anshika,Choi, Seung Ah,Koh, Eun Jung,Moon, Youn Joo,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Phi, Ji Hoon,Lee, Ji Yeoun,Kim, Seung-Ki Springer-Verlag 2019 Child's nervous system Vol.35 No.5

An observation on the embryonic development in Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) eggs obtained by an artificial oviposition setup

Jangra Sumit,Dhall Heena,Aggarwal Shilpi,Mandal Bikash,Jain Rakesh Kumar,Ghosh Amalendu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2

Thrips palmi is an important insect pest of vegetables and ornamental crops worldwide. Besides direct damage caused by feeding, it transmits several tospoviruses in a persistent-propagative manner. Eggs of T. palmi are microscopic and embedded within plant tissue by the sharp ovipositor of adult female. In the present study, an artificial oviposition setup has been standardized for T. palmi. Eggs of T. palmi were harvested in sterile water between two thin membranes. The developmental stages of T. palmi embryo were studied starting from oviposition up to hatching by inverted and confocal reflection microscopy. Energids were homogeneously distributed at an early stage of development. The anterior end of the egg curved with a constriction post 38 h. Initiation of tissue organization, mouthparts, appendages, compound eyes were observed at different time points. Appendages were well developed and segmentation was prominent post 70 h. The embryo was completely developed at around 80 h and hatched by 86 h post oviposition at 28 °C temperature. The study first time reports the embryonic development of T. palmi that would be helpful in detailed investigations of thrips developmental biology and evolution.

Evaluation of mucoadhesive property of gum ghatti

Shelly Jangra,Munish Ahuja,Ashok Kumar 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.6

Gum ghatti is a high molecular weight anionic polysaccharide used in food and pharmaceutically applied as binder, thickener, emulsifier and sustained release matrix as promising polysaccharide which has not been explored as mucoadhesive polymer. The present study was carried out to evaluate gum ghatti as mucoadhesive polymer by preparing buccal disc using metronidazole as model drug. The effect of varying concentration of gum ghatti and compression pressure on ex vivo bioadhesion time and in vitro release was studied using 2-factor 3-level central composite experimental design. Metronidazole loaded gum ghatti buccal discs were evaluated by weight uniformity,thickness, friability and content uniformity. Ex vivo bioadhesion time of buccal disc was measured as time taken by buccal disc to detach from chicken buccal pouch. In vitro release behavior was studied by adhering disc to the bottom of vessel using USP type II (TDT-08L Electrolab,Mumbai, India) dissolution release apparatus. The release data was fitted into various kinetic models. The prepared buccal discs were of uniform average weight,thickness, drug content and having friability less than 1 %. The results of optimization study revealed that increasing the proportion of gum ghatti results in increase in bioadhesion time and decrease the release rate while increasing compression pressure was found to increase the release rate. The present work concluded that gum ghatti is promising mucoadhesive polymer which can be used effectively.

UN RINGS AND GROUP RINGS

Kanchan, Jangra,Dinesh, Udar Korean Mathematical Society 2023 대한수학회보 Vol.60 No.1

A ring R is called a UN ring if every non unit of it can be written as product of a unit and a nilpotent element. We obtain results about lifting of conjugate idempotents and unit regular elements modulo an ideal I of a UN ring R. Matrix rings over UN rings are discussed and it is obtained that for a commutative ring R, a matrix ring M_n(R) is UN if and only if R is UN. Lastly, UN group rings are investigated and we obtain the conditions on a group G and a field K for the group algebra KG to be UN. Then we extend the results obtained for KG to the group ring RG over a ring R (which may not necessarily be a field).

프레임워크 가변부위 시험을 위한 객체 구조 패턴의 분류 및 추출 방법

김장래(Jangrae Kim),전태웅(Taewoong Jeon) 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.29 No.7·8

An object-oriented framework supports efficient component-based software development by providing a flexible architecture that can be decomposed into easily modifiable and composable classes. Object-oriented frameworks require thorough testing as they are intended to be reused repeatedly in developing numerous applications. Furthermore, additional testing is needed each time the framework is modified and extended for reuse. To test a framework, it must be instantiated into a complete, executable system. It is, however, practically impossible to test a framework exhaustively against all kinds of framework instantiations, as possible systems into which a framework can be configured are infinitely diverse. If we can classify possible configurations of a framework into a finite number of groups so that all configurations of a group have the same structural or behavioral characteristics, we can effectively cover all significant test cases for the framework testing by choosing a representative configuration from each group. This paper proposes a systematic method of classifying object structures of a framework hotspot and extracting structural test patterns from them. This paper also presents how we can select an instance of object structure from each extracted test pattern for use in the frameworks hotspot testing. This method is useful for selection of optimal test cases and systematic construction of executable test target. 객체지향 프레임워크는 개조, 합성이 용이한 클래스들로 분해될 수 있는 유연한 아키텍쳐를 제공함으로써 컴포넌트 기반의 효율적인 소프트웨어 개발을 지원한다. 프레임워크는 다수의 응용 소프트웨어의 개발에 반복적으로 재사용되므로 철저한 시험이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 재사용 시 확장된 프레임워크에 대해서도 추가적인 시험이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 테스트 대상이 실행 가능한 형태로 제공되어야 하는데 그 구성 가능한 형태가 극히 다양할 뿐만 아니라 재사용될 때의 모든 형태를 예측하여 테스트하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하므로, 재사용될 때마다 재구성되는 객체들의 구성 가능한 형태들을 동일한 특성을 갖는 유한 개의 그룹들로 분류하고, 각 그룹에서 시험 대상 실행 환경을 선정하여 시험하면 효과적인 시험이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 재사용 시 다양한 형태의 객체 구조들로 개조, 확장될 수 있는 프레임워크의 가변부위에 대해 객체 구성의 동일한 특성을 갖는 구조적 테스트 패턴들을 조직적으로 추출하는 방법과 각 패턴들로부터 시험 대상 객체 클러스터 즉, 테스트 대상 인스턴스를 선정하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 불필요 한 테스트 케이스의 선정을 피하고, 테스트 대상 실행 환경의 체계적인 구축을 위해 사용될 수 있다.

가입자망 기술경제성 평가에 대한 새로운 방법론 연구

노장래(Jangrae Rho),이영호(Youngho Lee),정혜승(Hyeseung Jeong) 한국통신학회 1998 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1998 No.11

객체지향 프레임워크의 구조적 테스트 패턴 추출 방법

김장래(Jangrae Kim),전태웅(Taewoong Jeon) 한국정보과학회 2000 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.27 No.2Ⅰ

객체지향 프레임워크는 다수의 응용 소프트웨어 개발에 반복적으로 재사용되므로 철저한 시험이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 재사용 시 확장된 프레임워크에 대해서도 추가적인 시험이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 재사용 시 다양한 형태의 객체 구조들로 개조, 확장될 수 있는 프레임워크의 가변부위에 대해 구조적 테스트 패턴들을 프레임워크의 합성 패턴들로부터 조직적으로 추출하는 방법을 기술한다. 여기서 제안된 방법은 가변부위 클래스 구조의 테스트 모델을 정형 명세화하고, 이로부터 시험에 필요한 구조적 테스트 패턴을 추출하는 방법을 제공한다.

Prediction & Assessment of Change Prone Classes Using Statistical & Machine Learning Techniques

Malhotra, Ruchika,Jangra, Ravi Korea Information Processing Society 2017 Journal of information processing systems Vol.13 No.4

Software today has become an inseparable part of our life. In order to achieve the ever demanding needs of customers, it has to rapidly evolve and include a number of changes. In this paper, our aim is to study the relationship of object oriented metrics with change proneness attribute of a class. Prediction models based on this study can help us in identifying change prone classes of a software. We can then focus our efforts on these change prone classes during testing to yield a better quality software. Previously, researchers have used statistical methods for predicting change prone classes. But machine learning methods are rarely used for identification of change prone classes. In our study, we evaluate and compare the performances of ten machine learning methods with the statistical method. This evaluation is based on two open source software systems developed in Java language. We also validated the developed prediction models using other software data set in the same domain (3D modelling). The performance of the predicted models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The results indicate that the machine learning methods are at par with the statistical method for prediction of change prone classes. Another analysis showed that the models constructed for a software can also be used to predict change prone nature of classes of another software in the same domain. This study would help developers in performing effective regression testing at low cost and effort. It will also help the developers to design an effective model that results in less change prone classes, hence better maintenance.

Effectiveness of Neurodynamic Mobilization versus Conventional Therapy on Spasticity Reduction and Upper Limb Function in Tetraplegic Patients

Saxena Akanksha,Sehgal Stuti,Jangra Mandeep Kumar 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.4

Study Design: The study employed a pre- and post-test experimental design.Purpose: This study was designed to assess the effect of neurodynamic mobilization of the median nerve on upper limb spasticity in tetraplegic patients.Overview of Literature: Spasticity is a common and potentially disabling and bothersome complication in patients with spinal cord lesion; this disorder can negatively influence the quality of life by restricting the patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living. Neural mobilization is currently used for reducing the spasticity in individuals with neurological disorders.Methods: Twenty subjects with traumatic spinal cord injury (level C5–C8) and upper limb spasticity in the finger and wrist flexors were enrolled. They were randomly allocated to two different groups using a computer-generated randomization schedule: group I comprised the neurodynamic mobilization group (n=11) and group II was the conventional therapy group (n=9); the subjects were administered therapy for 5 days every week for a period of 4 weeks. Upper limb spasticity was assessed using the Modified Ashworth Scale for wrist and finger flexors; F-wave amplitude, latency, and F-wave/M-wave amplitude ratio (F/M ratio) were examined using the F-wave scores of the median nerve; and upper limb function was determined using the Capabilities of Upper Extremity (CUE) Questionnaire.Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, between-group comparisons showed a significant difference in the pre-intervention and postintervention scores on the Modified Ashworth Scale score for wrist flexors (−1.64±0.67), Modified Ashworth Scale score for finger flexors (−1.00±0.63), F-wave amplitude (−154.09±220.86), F/M ratio (−0.18±0.24), and CUE scores (17.82±13.49).Conclusions: These results suggest that neurodynamic mobilization of the median nerve may be effective for upper limb spasticity control and upper limb functional improvement in tetraplegic patients.