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A comparative study of single-/two-jet crossflow heat transfer on a circular cylinder
Wang, X.L.,Lee, J.H.,Lu, T.J.,Song, S.J.,Kim, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2014 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.78 No.-
This study presents thermo-fluidic characteristics on a circular cylinder subject to the impingement of single-/two-counter jets in crossflow. For a fixed circular jet diameter (D<SUB>j</SUB>), the diameter of a target cylinder (D) varies, D/D<SUB>j</SUB>=2.5, 5.0, and 10.0. Two separate scenarios are considered and compared; at a fixed jet Reynolds number, Re<SUB>j</SUB>=20,000 and at a fixed total mass flow rate. Results demonstrate that laminar to turbulent transition occurs on a fore cylinder surface which contributes significantly to overall heat transfer. However, it occurs only if the target cylinder is positioned inside the potential core of each jet and only if enough spacing (T) between the jets which is determined by the diameter ratio (D/D<SUB>j</SUB>) as T=πD/2, is ensured. With small spacing, a reverse flow region formed between the jets (=πD/4) suppresses the occurrence of the transition. For a fixed jet Reynolds number, the added second jet improves local heat transfer only on the rear cylinder surface whereas the fore cylinder surface is essentially unaffected by the second jet. For a fixed total flow rate, the single impinging jet removes substantially more heat than that achievable by the two-counter jets in the present D/D<SUB>j</SUB> ranges.
The human AQP4 gene : Definition of the locus encoding two water channel polypeptides in brain
LU, MINGOI,LEE, M.DOUGLAS,SMITH, BARBARA L.,JUNG, JIN SUP,AGRE, PETER,VERDUK, MARIAN A.J.,MERKX, GERARD,RUSS, JOHAN P.L.,DEEN, PETER M.T. 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1996 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.12 No.-
The aquaporin family of membrane water transport proteins are expressed in diverse tissues, and in brain the predominant water channel protein is AQP4. Here we report the isolation and characterization of the human AQP4 cDNAs and genomic DNA. Two cDNAs were isolated corresponding to the two initiating methionines (M1 in a 323-aa polypeptide and M23 in a 301-aa polypeptide) previously indentified in rat [Jung, J. S., Bhat, R. V., Preston, G. M., Guggino, W. B. & Agre, P. (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 13052-13056]. Similar to other aquaporins, the AQP4 gene is composed of four exons encoding 127, 55, 27, and 92 amino acids separated by introns of 0.8, 0.3, and 5.2 kb. Unlike other aquaporins, an alternative coding initiation sequence (designated exon 0) was located 2.7 kb upstream of exon 1. When spliced together, M1 and the subsequent 10 amino acids are encoded by exon 0; the next 11 amino acids and M23 are encoded by exon 1. Transcription initiation sites have been mapped in the proximal promoters of exons 0 and 1. RNase protection revealed distinct transcripts corresponding to M1 and M23 mRNAs, and AQP4 immunoblots of cerebellum demonstrated reactive polypeptides of 31 and 34 kDa. Using a P1 and a λEMBL subclone, the chromosomal site of the human AQP4 gene was mapped to chromosome 18 at the junction of q11.2 and q12.1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. These studies may now permit molecular characterization of AQP4 during human development and in clinical disorders.
Endovascular treatment of residual or recurrent intracranial aneurysms after surgical clipping
da Silva Júnior Nilton Rocha,Trivelato Felipe Padovani,Nakiri Guilherme Seizem,Rezende Marco Túlio Salles,de Castro-Afonso Luís Henrique,Abud Thiago Giansante,Vanzin José Ricardo,Manzato Luciano Bambi 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2021 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.23 No.3
Objective Total aneurysm occlusion is crucial for the prevention of rebleeding of a ruptured aneurysm or to avoid rupture of an unruptured lesion. Both surgical and endovascular embolization fail to achieve complete aneurysm occlusion in all the cases. The objective of the study was to establish the safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment for previously clipped residual or recurrent aneurysms. Methods This was an observational, retrospective study of patients harboring incompletely occluded intracranial aneurysms after clipping who underwent endovascular treatment. Patients were treated using 4 different techniques: (1) simple coiling, (2) balloon remodeling, (3) stent-assisted coiling, and (4) flow diversion. Analyses were performed to identify predictors of total aneurysm occlusion, recanalization and complications. Results Between May 2010 and September 2018, 70 patients harboring incompletely occluded intracranial aneurysms after clipping met the inclusion criteria in 5 centers. The mean residual aneurysm size was 7.5 mm. Fifty-nine aneurysms were unruptured. Total aneurysm occlusion was achieved in 75.3% of the aneurysms after 1 year. All aneurysms treated with flow diversion revealed complete occlusion according to control angiography. Recanalization was observed in 14.5%. Permanent morbidity and mortality occurred in 2.9% and 1.4% of the patients, respectively. Conclusions Endovascular treatment of recurrent or residual aneurysms after surgical clipping was safe and efficacious. Flow diversion seems to be associated with better anatomical results. A more rigid study, a larger group of patients, and long-term follow-up are required to provide stronger conclusions about the best approach for residual clipped aneurysms.
Shape Control of QDs Studied by Cross-sectional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
J. G. Keizer,M. Bozkurt,J. Bocquel,P. M. Koenraad,T. Mano,T. Noda,K. Sakoda,E. C. Clark,M. Bichler,G. Abstreiter,J. J. Finley,W. Lu,T. Rohel,H. Folliot,N. Bertru 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.51
In this cross-sectional scanning tunneling microscopy study we investigated various techniques to control the shape of self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) and wetting layers (WLs). The result shows that application of an indium flush during the growth of strained InGaAs/GaAs QD layers results in flattened QDs and a reduced WL. The height of the QDs and WLs could be controlled by varying the thickness of the first capping layer. Concerning the technique of antimony capping we show that the surfactant properties of Sb result in the preservation of the shape of strained InAs/InP QDs during overgrowth. This could be achieved by both a growth interrupt under Sb flux and capping with a thin GaAsSb layer prior to overgrowth of the uncapped QDs. The technique of droplet epitaxy was investigated by a structural analysis of strain free GaAs/AlGaAs QDs. We show that the QDs have a Gaussian shape, that the WL is less than 1 bilayer thick, and that minor intermixing of Al with the QDs takes place.
100KW DC Arc Plasma of CVD System for Low Cost Large Area Diamond Film Deposition
Lu, F.X.,Zhong, G.F.,Fu, Y.L.,Wang, J.J.,Tang, W.Z.,Li, G.H.,Lo, T.L.,Zhang, Y.G.,Zang, J.M.,Pan, C.H.,Tang, C.X.,Lu, Y.P. The Korean Ceramic Society 1996 The Korean journal of ceramics Vol.2 No.4
In the present paper, a new type of DC arc plasma torch is disclosed. The principles of the new magnetic and fluid dynamic controlled large orifice long discharge tunnel plasma torch is discussed. Two series of DC Plasma Jet diamond film deposition equipment have been developed. The 20kW Jet equipped with a $\Phi$70 mm orifice torch is capable of deposition diamond films at a growth rate as high as 40$\mu\textrm{m}$/h over a substrate area of $\Phi$65 mm. The 100kW high power Jet which is newly developed based on the experience of the low power model is equipped with a $\Phi$120 mm orifice torch, and is capable of depositing diamond films over a substrate area of $\Phi$110 mm at growth rate as high as 40 $\mu\textrm{m}$/h, and can be operated at gas recycling mode, which allows 95% of the gases be recycled. It is demonstrated that the new type DC plasma torch can be easily scaled up to even higher power Jet. It is estimated that even by the 100kW Jet, the cost for tool grade diamond films can be as low as less than $4/carat.
Lu, F.,Lim, C.S.,Nam, D.H.,Kim, K.,Lin, K.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, H.W.,Chen, J.H.,Wang, Y.,Sattabongkot, J.,Han, E.T. Verlag für Recht und Gesellschaft ; Elsevier 2011 Acta Tropica Vol.117 No.2
Treatment failure of chloroquine for Plasmodium vivax infection has increased in endemic countries. However, the molecular mechanisms for resistance and in vitro susceptibility of P. vivax to chloroquine remain elusive. We investigated the prevalence of mutations in the pvmdr1 and pvcrt-o genes, and the copy number of the pvmdr1 gene in isolates from the Republic of Korea (ROK), Thailand, the Union of Myanmar (Myanmar), and Papua New Guinea (PNG). We also measured in vitro susceptibility of Korean isolates to antimalarial drugs. The pvmdr1 analysis showed that mutations at amino acid position Y976F of pvmdr1 were found in isolates from Thailand (17.9%), Myanmar (13.3%), and PNG (100%), but none from the ROK, and mutation at position F1076L was present in isolates from the ROK (100%), Thailand (60.7%), and Myanmar (46.7%). One copy of the pvmdr1 gene was observed in most isolates and double copy numbers of the gene were observed in two Thai isolates. In the exons of the pvcrt-o gene that were sequenced, a K10 insertion was present in isolates from Thailand (56.0%) and Myanmar (46.2%), and the wild type was found in all Korean isolates. The results suggest that gene polymorphisms and copy number variation was observed in isolates of P. vivax from Southeast Asian countries. In Korean isolates polymorphism as limited to the F1076L variant, and no isolates with high level of resistance were found by in vitro susceptibility determinations. Moreover, our results provide a baseline for future prospective drug studies in malaria-endemic areas.
The Current Trends in SBS and phase conjugation
Omatsu, T.,Kong, H.J.,Park, S.,Cha, S.,Yoshida, H.,Tsubakimoto, K.,Fujita, H.,Miyanaga, N.,Nakatsuka, M.,Wang, Y.,Lu, Z.,Zheng, Z.,Zhang, Y.,Kalal, M.,Slezak, O.,Ashihara, M.,Yoshino, T.,Hayashi, K.,T Cambridge University Press 2012 Laser and particle beams Vol.30 No.1
<B>Abstract</B><P>The current trends in stimulated Brillouin scattering and optical phase conjugation are overviewed. This report is formed by the selected papers presented in the “Fifth International Workshop on stimulated Brillouin scattering and phase conjugation 2010” in Japan. The nonlinear properties of phase conjugation based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and photo-refraction can compensate phase distortions in the high power laser systems, and they will also open up potentially novel laser technologies, e.g., phase stabilization, beam combination, pulse compression, ultrafast pulse shaping, and arbitrary waveform generation.</P>
Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.