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Response of plasma rotation to resonant magnetic perturbations in J-TEXT tokamak
Yan, W,Chen, Z Y,Huang, D W,Hu, Q M,Shi, Y J,Ding, Y H,Cheng, Z F,Yang, Z J,Pan, X M,Lee, S G,Tong, R H,Wei, Y N,Dong, Y B IOP 2018 Plasma physics and controlled fusion Vol.60 No.3
<P>The response of plasma toroidal rotation to the external resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) has been investigated in Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak (J-TEXT) ohmic heating plasmas. For the J-TEXT’s plasmas without the application of RMP, the core toroidal rotation is in the counter-current direction while the edge rotation is near zero or slightly in the co-current direction. Both static RMP experiments and rotating RMP experiments have been applied to investigate the plasma toroidal rotation. The core toroidal rotation decreases to lower level with static RMP. At the same time, the edge rotation can spin to more than 20 km s<SUP>−1</SUP> in co-current direction. On the other hand, the core plasma rotation can be slowed down or be accelerated with the rotating RMP. When the rotating RMP frequency is higher than mode frequency, the plasma rotation can be accelerated to the rotating RMP frequency. The plasma confinement is improved with high frequency rotating RMP. The plasma rotation is decelerated to the rotating RMP frequency when the rotating RMP frequency is lower than the mode frequency. The plasma confinement also degrades with low frequency rotating RMP.</P>
Passive Q-switching of microchip lasers based on Ho:YAG ceramics
Lan, R.,Loiko, P.,Mateos, X.,Wang, Y.,Li, J.,Pan, Y.,Choi, S. Y.,Kim, M. H.,Rotermund, F.,Yasukevich, A.,Yumashev, K.,Griebner, U.,Petrov, V. Optical Society of America 2016 Applied Optics Vol.55 No.18
<P>A Ho:YAG ceramic microchip laser pumped by a Tm fiber laser at 1910 nm is passively Q-switched by single-and multi-layer graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and Cr2+:ZnSe saturable absorbers (SAs). Employing SWCNTs, this laser generated an average power of 810 mW at 2090 nm with a slope efficiency of 68% and continuous wave to Q-switching conversion efficiency of 70%. The shortest pulse duration was 85 ns at a repetition rate of 165 kHz, and the pulse energy reached 4.9 mu J. The laser performance and pulse stability were superior compared to graphene SAs even for a different number of graphene layers (n = 1 to 4). A model for the description of the Ho:YAG laser Q-switched by carbon nanostructures is presented. This modeling allowed us to estimate the saturation intensity for multi-layered graphene and SWCNT SAs to be 1.2 +/- 0.2 and 7 +/- 1 MW/cm(2), respectively. When using Cr2+:ZnSe, the Ho:YAG microchip laser generated 11 ns/25 mu J pulses at a repetition rate of 14.8 kHz. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America</P>
Tokamak plasma disruption precursor onset time study based on semi-supervised anomaly detection
X.K. Ai,W. Zheng,M. Zhang,D.L. Chen,C.S. Shen,B.H. Guo,B.J. Xiao,Y. Zhong,N.C. Wang,Z.J. Yang,Z.P. Chen,Z.Y. Chen,Y.H. Ding,Y. Pan Korean Nuclear Society 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.4
Plasma disruption in tokamak experiments is a challenging issue that causes damage to the device. Reliable prediction methods are needed, but the lack of full understanding of plasma disruption limits the effectiveness of physics-driven methods. Data-driven methods based on supervised learning are commonly used, and they rely on labelled training data. However, manual labelling of disruption precursors is a time-consuming and challenging task, as some precursors are difficult to accurately identify. The mainstream labelling methods assume that the precursor onset occurs at a fixed time before disruption, which leads to mislabeled samples and suboptimal prediction performance. In this paper, we present disruption prediction methods based on anomaly detection to address these issues, demonstrating good prediction performance on J-TEXT and EAST. By evaluating precursor onset times using different anomaly detection algorithms, it is found that labelling methods can be improved since the onset times of different shots are not necessarily the same. The study optimizes precursor labelling using the onset times inferred by the anomaly detection predictor and test the optimized labels on supervised learning disruption predictors. The results on J-TEXT and EAST show that the models trained on the optimized labels outperform those trained on fixed onset time labels.
Role of carbonic anhydrases in skin wound healing
Harlan Barker,Marleena Aaltonen,Peiwen Pan,Maria Vähätupa,Pirkka Kaipiainen,Ulrike May,Stuart Prince,Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen,Abdul Waheed,Silvia Pastoreková,William S Sly,Seppo Parkkila,Tero AH Järv 생화학분자생물학회 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.-
Skin wound closure occurs when keratinocytes migrate from the edge of the wound and re-epithelialize the epidermis. Their migration takes place primarily before any vascularization is established, that is, under hypoxia, but relatively little is known regarding the factors that stimulate this migration. Hypoxia and an acidic environment are well-established stimuli for cancer cell migration. The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) contribute to tumor cell migration by generating an acidic environment through the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. On this basis, we explored the possible role of CAs in tissue regeneration using mouse skin wound models. We show that the expression of mRNAs encoding CA isoforms IV and IX are increased (~25 × and 4 × , respectively) during the wound hypoxic period (days 2–5) and that cells expressing CAs form a bandlike structure beneath the migrating epidermis. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that the CA IV-specific signal in the wound is mainly derived from neutrophils. Due to the high level of induction of CA IV in the wound, we treated skin wounds locally with recombinant human CA IV enzyme. Recombinant CA IV significantly accelerated wound re-epithelialization. Thus, CA IV could contribute to wound healing by providing an acidic environment in which the migrating epidermis and neutrophils can survive and may offer novel opportunities to accelerate wound healing under compromised conditions.
Pan, H.C.,Lee, S.,Ting, K.,Shen, J.,Wang, C.,Nguyen, A.,Berthiaume, E.A.,Zara, J.N.,Turner, A.S.,Seim, H.B.,Kwak, J.H.,Zhang, X.,Soo, C. American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriol 2017 The American journal of pathology Vol.187 No.7
<P>Multiple case reports using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) have reported complications. However, the local adverse effects of rhBMP-2 application are not well documented. In this report we show that, in addition to promoting Lumbar spinal fusion through potent osteogenic effects, rhBMP-2 augmentation promotes local cyst-like osteolytic formations in sheep trabecular bones that have undergone anterior lumbar interbody fusion. Three months after operation, conventional computed tomography showed that the trabecular bones of the rhBMP-2 application groups could fuse, whereas no fusion was observed in the control group. Micro computed tomography analysis revealed that the core implant area's bone volume fraction and bone mineral density increased proportionately with rhBMP-2 dose. Multiple cyst-Like bone voids were observed in peri-implant areas when using rhBMP2 applications, and these sites showed significant bone mineral density decreases in relation to the unaffected regions. Biomechanically, these areas decreased in strength by 32% in comparison with noncystic areas. Histologically, rhBMP-2 affected void sites had an increased amount of fatty marrow, thinner trabecular bones, and significantly more adiponectin- and cathepsin K-positive cells. Despite promoting successful fusion, rhBMP-2 use in clinical applications may result in local adverse structural alterations and compromised biomechanical changes to the bone.</P>