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Iron oxide coating films in soda-lime glass by triboadhesion
J. O. Aguilar,J. M. Rodríguez-Lelis,M. J. Arjona 대한기계학회 2009 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.23 No.4
In the triboadhesion process the coating material is passed through a rotating cotton mop and the substrate to be coated. The cotton mop rotates at high velocity and exerts pressure on the surface of the substrate. The combined effect of pressure and velocity of the coating mop on the substrate increases its temperature close to the melting point, allowing deposition and diffusion of the coating material within the substrate. After it is deposited, its particles are embedded within the base material forming a thin film composite. The amount of the coating material deposited on the substrate has its maximum at the surface and then decreases as a function of the local temperature within the base material. Bearing this in mind, in the present work, triboadhesion is employed to deposit iron oxide in a substrate of soda-lime glass, with the purpose of determining the feasibility of using this technique for solar control coatings. It was found, through electronic scan microscopy, that a composite material film is formed following the coating direction. Reflectance and transmittance tests were carried out on the glass samples. A 20% difference was found in the visible spectral region (VIS), and a reduction between 10 and 20% in the Near Infrared Region (NIR). These results showed that the triboadhesion is a promising technique for the application of thin films for solar control or solar cells.
Adhesion strength in laminated glazings containing multilayer solar control coatings
J. O. Aguilar,J. M. Rodríguez-Lelis,M. Carrasco de la Fuente,C. López-Mata,J. A. Arellano-Cabrera,F. Chan 대한기계학회 2012 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.26 No.6
We report on the mechanical and optical properties exhibited by a five layer laminated glazing (glass/PVB/PET/PVB/glass) in which a 0.1 mm thick polyethylene-terephthalate (PET) sheet carries a 70-110 nm CuS solar control coatings on either one or both sides of it and laminated with 0.38 mm clear polyvinyl-butyral (PVB) sheets in an autoclave at 135°C for 30 min under a pressure, 13 kg/cm2. The CuS coating was obtained by chemical deposition at 28°C during 1 h (70 nm) or 2 h (110 nm). The optical transmittance (T) of these laminated glazing is less than 1% in the ultraviolet region; 17-32% in the visible region, and 4-12% in the infrared region, depending on the CuS film thickness and whether the PET sheet is coated on one or both sides. The specular reflectance (R) of the glazing in the visible region is similar to that of a monolithic glass: about 10%, but in the infrared it increases toward 20%. The mechanical properties were evaluated through a compressive test giving interfacial adhesive strength of the laminated: 1.5-2 MPa for PET with a single side CuS coating and 3.4 MPa for the laminate with a PET coated on both sides.
Mixture design to optimize the amount of deflocculants in aqueous porcelain precursor suspensions
O. Aguilar-García,S. Bribiesca-Vazquez,J. Zárate-Medina 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.2
The performance of dispersants poly(acrylic acid), a poly(methacrylic acid), sodium silicate, as well as binary and ternary deflocculant mixtures was compared for highly concentrated aqueous porcelain suspensions. These were formulated in ten stoneware recipes which were processed in the laboratory under fixed conditions, similar to those used in the ceramics industry, and viscosity measurements were made. The use of this methodology enabled the calculation of valid regression models (equations) relating viscosity with the contents of different deflocculant mixtures. The performance of dispersants poly(acrylic acid), a poly(methacrylic acid), sodium silicate, as well as binary and ternary deflocculant mixtures was compared for highly concentrated aqueous porcelain suspensions. These were formulated in ten stoneware recipes which were processed in the laboratory under fixed conditions, similar to those used in the ceramics industry, and viscosity measurements were made. The use of this methodology enabled the calculation of valid regression models (equations) relating viscosity with the contents of different deflocculant mixtures.
Evaluation of Hardness and Fracture Toughness in a Porcelain Stoneware with Pseudoboehmite Additions
O. Aguilar-García,S. Bribiesca-Vazquez,J. Zárate-Medina 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2009 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.10 No.1
The effect of pseudoboehmite additions to conventional stoneware porcelain is investigated. Green compacts were formed by slip casting of stabilized aqueous suspensions and then sintering at 1,150℃, 1,200℃ and 1,250℃. The phase evolution was followed by XRD, the densification degree was calculated from densities and the microstructures were studied by SEM. Hardness, H and fracture toughness, KIC were measured by Vicker’s indentation. When vitrification occurs the presence of the pseudoboehmite leads to a extra mullitization, which has two consequences: a volume expansion resulting in a high porosity and a decrease of the amount of liquid which causes problems with the densification, by these facts the pseudoboehmite particles decrease the fracture toughness of the bodies. The effect of pseudoboehmite additions to conventional stoneware porcelain is investigated. Green compacts were formed by slip casting of stabilized aqueous suspensions and then sintering at 1,150℃, 1,200℃ and 1,250℃. The phase evolution was followed by XRD, the densification degree was calculated from densities and the microstructures were studied by SEM. Hardness, H and fracture toughness, KIC were measured by Vicker’s indentation. When vitrification occurs the presence of the pseudoboehmite leads to a extra mullitization, which has two consequences: a volume expansion resulting in a high porosity and a decrease of the amount of liquid which causes problems with the densification, by these facts the pseudoboehmite particles decrease the fracture toughness of the bodies.
A search for flaring very-high-energy cosmic γ-ray sources with the L3+C muon spectrometer
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,van den Akker, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagna Elsevier 2006 Astroparticle physics Vol.25 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The L3+C muon detector at the CERN electron–positron collider, LEP, is used for the detection of very-high-energy cosmic γ-ray sources through the observation of muons of energies above 20, 30, 50 and 100GeV. Daily or monthly excesses in the rate of single-muon events pointing to some particular direction in the sky are searched for. The periods from mid July to November 1999, and April to November 2000 are considered. Special attention is also given to a selection of known γ-ray sources. No statistically significant excess is observed for any direction or any particular source.</P>
Compton scattering of quasi-real virtual photons at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.616 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Compton scattering of quasi-real virtual photons, γ<SUP>e±</SUP>→γ<SUP>e±</SUP>, is studied with 0.6 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> of data collected by the L3 detector at the LEP <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> collider at centre-of-mass energies s=189–209 GeV. About 4500 events produced by the interaction of virtual photons emitted by <SUP>e±</SUP> of one beam with <SUP>e∓</SUP> of the opposite beam are collected for effective centre-of-mass energies of the photon–electron and photon–positron systems in the range from <SUP>s′</SUP>=35 GeV up to <SUP>s′</SUP>=175 GeV, the highest energy at which Compton scattering was ever probed. The cross sections of the γ<SUP>e±</SUP>→γ<SUP>e±</SUP> process as a function of <SUP>s′</SUP> and of the rest-frame scattering angle are measured, combined with previous L3 measurements down to <SUP>s′</SUP>≃20 GeV, and found to agree with the QED expectations.</P>
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,van den Akker, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagna Elsevier 2005 Astroparticle physics Vol.23 No.4
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The shadowing of high-energy cosmic rays by the Moon has been observed with a significance of 9.4 standard deviations with the L3+C muon spectrometer at CERN. A significant effect of the Earth magnetic field is observed. Since no event deficit on the east side of the Moon has been observed, an upper limit at 90% confidence level on the antiproton to proton ratio of 0.11 is obtained for primary energies around 1TeV.</P>
Measurement of the running of the electromagnetic coupling at large momentum-transfer at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.623 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The evolution of the electromagnetic coupling, <I>α</I>, in the momentum-transfer range 1800 <SUP>GeV2</SUP><−<SUP>Q2</SUP><21600 <SUP>GeV2</SUP> is studied with about 40 000 Bhabha-scattering events collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies s=189–209 GeV. The running of <I>α</I> is parametrised as: [FORMULA OMISSION] where <SUB>α0</SUB>≡α(<SUP>Q2</SUP>=0) is the fine-structure constant and C=1 corresponds to the evolution expected in QED. A fit to the differential cross section of the <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP>→<SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP> process for scattering angles in the range |cosθ|<0.9 excludes the hypothesis of a constant value of <I>α</I>, C=0, and validates the QED prediction with the result: [FORMULA OMISSION] where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic.</P>
Z-boson production with two unobserved, back-to-back, hard photons at LEP
Achard, P.,Adriani, O.,Aguilar-Benitez, M.,Alcaraz, J.,Alemanni, G.,Allaby, J.,Aloisio, A.,Alviggi, M.G.,Anderhub, H.,Andreev, V.P.,Anselmo, F.,Arefiev, A.,Azemoon, T.,Aziz, T.,Bagnaia, P.,Bajo, A.,Ba Elsevier 2005 Physics letters: B Vol.613 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>The double-radiative process <SUP>e+</SUP><SUP>e−</SUP>→Zγγ→qq¯γγ where the two hard photons escape detection at low polar angles into opposite directions, is studied in 0.62 fb<SUP>−1</SUP> of data collected with the L3 detector at LEP at centre-of-mass energies between 188.6 and 209.2 GeV. The cross sections are measured and found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations.</P>