http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Margetts, Peter J.,Bonniaud, Philippe,Liu, Limin,Hoff, Catherine M.,Holmes, Clifford J.,West-Mays, Judith A.,Kelly, Margaret M. American Society of Nephrology 2005 Journal of the American Society of Nephrology Vol.16 No.2
<P>Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in many growth and repair functions, has been identified in the peritoneal tissues of patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis. The sequence of changes in gene regulation and cellular events associated with EMT after TGF-beta1-induced peritoneal fibrosis is reported. Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraperitoneal injection of an adenovirus vector that transfers active TGF-beta1 (AdTGF-beta1) or control adenovirus, AdDL. Animals were killed 0 to 21 days after infection. Peritoneal effluent and tissue were analyzed for markers of EMT. In the animals that were treated with AdTGF-beta1, an increase in expression of genes associated with EMT and fibrosis, such as type I collagen A2, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and the zinc finger regulatory protein Snail, was identified. Transition of mesothelial cells 4 to 7 d after infection, with appearance of epithelial cells in the submesothelial zone 7 to 14 d after exposure to AdTGF-beta1, was demonstrated. This phase was associated with disruption of the basement membrane and increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2. By 14 to 21 d after infection, there was evidence of restoration of normal submesothelial architecture. These findings suggest that EMT occurs in vivo after TGF-beta1 overexpression in the peritoneum. Cellular changes and gene regulation associated with EMT are evident throughout the fibrogenic process and are not limited to early time points. This further supports the central role of TGF-beta1 in peritoneal fibrosis and provides an important model to study the sequence of events involved in TGF-beta1-induced EMT.</P>
J. A. West,E. K. Ganesan,G. C. Zuccarello,S. Loiseaux de Goër,J. Rout 한국조류학회I 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1
A new macroscopic riverine red algal species, Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales) is described from Manipur in northeast India. It has a sparsely branched, pseudoparenchymatous thallus with a single, central axial filament that lacks cortical filaments. Spermatangia occur generally in isolated, low and indistinct patches or form an almost continuous ring around the axis. Carposporophytes project into the hollow thallus cavity without an ostiole. The most striking morphological feature is the carposporophyte with very short gonimoblast filaments having cylindrical, narrow and sparsely branched sterile filaments, the terminal cell of each branch with a single, large, elongate carpospore. The widely distributed L. fluviatilis has spherical carpospores in long branched chains. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequence data and comparison with other Batrachospermales clearly show that our specimens do not align with other species of Lemanea and Paralemanea investigated thus far. Five specific names attributed in previous literature (1973- 2014) to Lemanea from Manipur, L. australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, and L. torulosa are rejected until critical anatomical and molecular evidence is available for specimens from the Manipur river systems. Taxa referable to Paralemanea were not confirmed for India in this study. In view of the high demand for food and medical uses of L. manipurensis in northeast India, conservation measures are needed for its long term survival. The present paper constitutes the first combined morphological / molecular study on a freshwater red alga from India.
Ganesan, E.K.,West, J.A.,Zuccarello, G.C.,de Goer, S. Loiseaux,Rout, J. The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1
A new macroscopic riverine red algal species, Lemanea manipurensis sp. nov. (Batrachospermales) is described from Manipur in northeast India. It has a sparsely branched, pseudoparenchymatous thallus with a single, central axial filament that lacks cortical filaments. Spermatangia occur generally in isolated, low and indistinct patches or form an almost continuous ring around the axis. Carposporophytes project into the hollow thallus cavity without an ostiole. The most striking morphological feature is the carposporophyte with very short gonimoblast filaments having cylindrical, narrow and sparsely branched sterile filaments, the terminal cell of each branch with a single, large, elongate carpospore. The widely distributed L. fluviatilis has spherical carpospores in long branched chains. Phylogenetic analysis of rbcL sequence data and comparison with other Batrachospermales clearly show that our specimens do not align with other species of Lemanea and Paralemanea investigated thus far. Five specific names attributed in previous literature (1973-2014) to Lemanea from Manipur, L. australis, L. catenata, L. fluviatilis, L. mamillosa, and L. torulosa are rejected until critical anatomical and molecular evidence is available for specimens from the Manipur river systems. Taxa referable to Paralemanea were not confirmed for India in this study. In view of the high demand for food and medical uses of L. manipurensis in northeast India, conservation measures are needed for its long term survival. The present paper constitutes the first combined morphological / molecular study on a freshwater red alga from India.
Scott, Joe,Yang, Eun-Chan,West, John A.,Yokoyama, Akiko,Kim, Hee-Jeong,De Goer, Susan Loiseaux,O'Kelly, Charles J.,Orlova, Evguenia,Kim, Su-Yeon,Park, Jeong-Kwang,Yoon, Hwan-Su The Korean Society of Phycology 2011 ALGAE Vol.26 No.4
The marine unicellular red algal genus Rhodella was established in 1970 by L. V. Evans with a single species R. maculata based on nuclear projections into the pyrenoid. Porphyridium violaceum was described by P. Kornmann in 1965 and transferred to Rhodella by W. Wehrmeyer in 1971 based on plastid features and the non-parietal position of the nucleus. Molecular and fine structural evidences have now revealed that Rhodella maculata and R. violacea are one species, so R. violacea has nomenclatural priority and the correct name is Rhodella violacea (Kornmann) Wehrmeyer. The status of families within Rhodellophyceae was examined. The order Dixoniellales and family Dixoniellaceae are emended to include only Dixoniella and Neorhodella. The order Rhodellales and family Rhodellaceae are emended to include Rhodella and Corynoplastis. Glaucosphaera vacuolata Korshikov and the Glaucosphaeraceae Skuja (1954) with an emended description are transferred to the Glaucosphaerales ord. nov.
Wynne, Michael J.,Kamiya, Mitsunobu,West, John A.,Goer, Susan Loiseaux-de,Lim, Phaik-Eem,Sade, Ahemad,Russell, Hannah,Kupper, Frithjof C. The Korean Society of Phycology 2020 ALGAE Vol.35 No.2
Culture isolates of the genus Hypoglossum (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) were obtained and their development and morphological structure over many years were followed in the laboratory. Molecular data (rbcL, large subunit ribosomal DNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were obtained from these strains and evidence presented to recognize the new species: Hypoglossum sabahense from Sabah, Malaysia. Because various aspects of morphology in culture specimens differ significantly from types based on field specimens we have to rely mainly on the molecular criteria in ascribing a new taxonomic name here. This also is complicated by the major lack of molecular phylogenetic evidence for Hypoglossum and other Delesseriaceae. The 'Germling Emergence Method' and 'serendipity' are proving valuable in discovering significant new taxa from laboratory cultures which otherwise might never be known.
Preparation of ferroelectric nanoparticles for their use in liquid crystalline colloids
Atkuri, H,Cook, G,Evans, D R,Cheon, C-I,Glushchenko, A,Reshetnyak, V,Reznikov, Yu,West, J,Zhang, K Institute of Physics Publishing in association wit 2009 Journal of optics A, Pure and applied optics Vol.11 No.2
<P>In this paper we summarize our many years of experience in the preparation and optimization of stable colloids of ferroelectric nanoparticles dispersed in an isotropic carrier and in a liquid crystal host. The colloids are of interest for use in electro-optic devices, photorefractive hybrids and nonlinear optical elements. We also outline some of the most interesting features the nanoparticles bring to liquid crystals, along with the potential of these relatively new colloids.</P>
Liang, Ciao-Kai,West, J. Jason,Silva, Raquel A.,Bian, Huisheng,Chin, Mian,Davila, Yanko,Dentener, Frank J.,Emmons, Louisa,Flemming, Johannes,Folberth, Gerd,Henze, Daven,Im, Ulas,Jonson, Jan Eiof,Keati Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.14
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Ambient air pollution from ozone and fine particulate matter is associated with premature mortality. As emissions from one continent influence air quality over others, changes in emissions can also influence human health on other continents. We estimate global air-pollution-related premature mortality from exposure to PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span> and ozone and the avoided deaths due to 20<span class='thinspace'></span>% anthropogenic emission reductions from six source regions, North America (NAM), Europe (EUR), South Asia (SAS), East Asia (EAS), Russia-Belarus-Ukraine (RBU), and the Middle East (MDE), three global emission sectors, power and industry (PIN), ground transportation (TRN), and residential (RES), and one global domain (GLO), using an ensemble of global chemical transport model simulations coordinated by the second phase of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollutants (TF HTAP2), and epidemiologically derived<span id='page10498'/> concentration response functions. We build on results from previous studies of TF HTAP by using improved atmospheric models driven by new estimates of 2010 anthropogenic emissions (excluding methane), with more source and receptor regions, new consideration of source sector impacts, and new epidemiological mortality functions. We estimate 290<span class='thinspace'></span>000 (95<span class='thinspace'></span>% confidence interval (CI): 30<span class='thinspace'></span>000, 600<span class='thinspace'></span>000) premature <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>-related deaths and 2.8 million (0.5 million, 4.6 million) PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span>-related premature deaths globally for the baseline year 2010. While 20<span class='thinspace'></span>% emission reductions from one region generally lead to more avoided deaths within the source region than outside, reducing emissions from MDE and RBU can avoid more <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>-related deaths outside of these regions than within, and reducing MDE emissions also avoids more PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span>-related deaths outside of MDE than within. Our findings that most avoided <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>-related deaths from emission reductions in NAM and EUR occur outside of those regions contrast with those of previous studies, while estimates of PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span>-related deaths from NAM, EUR, SAS, and EAS emission reductions agree well. In addition, EUR, MDE, and RBU have more avoided <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>-related deaths from reducing foreign emissions than from domestic reductions. For six regional emission reductions, the total avoided extra-regional mortality is estimated as 6000 (<span class='inline-formula'>−</span>3400, 15<span class='thinspace'></span>500) deaths per year and 25<span class='thinspace'></span>100 (8200, 35<span class='thinspace'></span>800) deaths per year through changes in <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span> and PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span>, respectively. Interregional transport of air pollutants leads to more deaths through changes in PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span> than in <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>, even though <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span> is transported more on interregional scales, since PM<span class='inline-formula'><sub>2.5</sub></span> has a stronger influence on mortality. For NAM and EUR, our estimates of avoided mortality from regional and extra-regional emission reductions are comparable to those estimated by regional models for these same experiments. In sectoral emission reductions, TRN emissions account for the greatest fraction (26-53<span class='thinspace'></span>% of global emission reduction) of <span class='inline-formula'>O<sub>3</sub></span>-rela