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Iwahashi, Takashi,Sakai, Yasunari,Kanai, Kaname,Kim, Doseok,Ouchi, Yukio Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.12 No.40
<P>We demonstrate for the first time the formation of a non-polar alkyl-chain dividing layer between a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and an <I>n</I>-alcohol. This newly described non-polar interfacial layer, which should be more hydrophobic than both RTIL and alcohol phases, might find applications in liquid/liquid reaction systems, or serve as a soft nano-functional space.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A non-polar alkyl-chain dividing layer is found to exist between butanol and the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00520g'> </P>
Multiple-end-point Bioassays Using Microorganisms
Iwahashi, Hitoshi The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2000 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.5 No.6
Since the 1950s, the numbers of species and chemicals produced have significantly increased. Despite the fact that industrial chemicals have given us numerous benefits, there is no doubt that they have damaged the environment. The chemicals being dispersed on the earth should be carefully controlled to prevent adverse effects. Bioassay is one of the methods to assess chemical safety. In bioassay systems, chemical safety is estimated by monitoring biological responses to environmental pollutants and newly synthesized chemicals. This report introduces multiple-point bioassay systems that are based on chemical sensitivities of microorganisms, responses of one kind of organism, and micro-array technology. Multiple-end-point bioassays enable the prediction of chemicals in the environment and the understanding of toxicities of newly synthesized chemicals.
Iwahashi, Takashi,Miwa, Yujiro,Zhou, Wei,Sakai, Yasunari,Yamagata, Masaki,Ishikawa, Masashi,Kim, Doseok,Ouchi, Yukio Elsevier 2016 Electrochemistry Communications Vol.72 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effect of Li<SUP>+</SUP> addition at the interface of a 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([C<SUB>2</SUB>mim][FSA]) room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and a Pt electrode is investigated by infrared-visible sum-frequency generation (IV-SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. Addition of Li<SUP>+</SUP> to the Pt|[C<SUB>2</SUB>mim][FSA] system results in the extension of the electrochemical window (EW) by >1.0V at its negative edge. The potential dependence of the SF signal reveals that the [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> anion of neat [C<SUB>2</SUB>mim][FSA] is desorbed at −1.5V while it remains in place even at −2.0V when Li<SUP>+</SUP> is added. The SFG spectra indicate that the [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> anion at the Pt|[C<SUB>2</SUB>mim][FSA] interface interacts with Li<SUP>+</SUP> at the interface with the negatively-charged Pt electrode. This [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> anion layer anchored through Li<SUP>+</SUP> suppresses [C<SUB>2</SUB>mim]<SUP>+</SUP> cation adsorption on the negatively-charged Pt electrode, resulting in a wider electrochemical window.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Li<SUP>+</SUP> addition to Pt|[C<SUB>2</SUB>mim][FSA] extends EW by >1V at the negative edge. </LI> <LI> IV-SFG directly probes the presence of [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> on Pt. </LI> <LI> Without Li<SUP>+</SUP>, [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> desorbs from Pt at −1.0V. </LI> <LI> Li<SUP>+</SUP> is adsorbed on Pt to anchor [FSA]<SUP>−</SUP> to suppress [C2mim]<SUP>+</SUP> adsorption at −2.0V. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Iwahashi, Takashi,Ishiyama, Tatsuya,Sakai, Yasunari,Morita, Akihiro,Kim, Doseok,Ouchi, Yukio The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.38
<P>IR-visible sum-frequency generation (IV-SFG) vibrational spectroscopy and a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were used to study the local layering order at the interface of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB> and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF<SUB>6</SUB>), a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). The presence of a local non-polar layer at the interface of the two polar liquids was successfully demonstrated. In the SFG spectra of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB>, we observed significant reduction and enhancement in the strength of the CD<SUB>3</SUB> symmetric stretching (<I>r</I><SUP>+</SUP>) mode and the antisymmetric stretching (<I>r</I><SUP>−</SUP>) mode peaks, respectively. The results can be well explained by the presence of an oppositely oriented quasi-bilayer structure of butanol molecules, where the bottom layer is strongly bound by hydrogen-bonding with the PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> anion. MD simulations reveal that the hydrogen-bonding of butanol with the PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>−</SUP> anion causes the preferential orientation of the butanols; the restriction on the rotational distribution of the terminal methyl group along their <I>C</I><SUB>3</SUB> axis enhances the <I>r</I><SUP>−</SUP> mode. As for the [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> cations, the SFG spectra taken within the CH stretch region indicate that the butyl chain of [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> points away from the bulk RTIL phase to the butanol phase at the interface. Combining the SFG spectroscopy and MD simulation results, we propose an interfacial model structure of layering, in which the butyl chains of the butanol molecules form a non-polar interfacial layer with the butyl chains of the [bmim]<SUP>+</SUP> cations at the interface.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>IV-SFG vibrational spectroscopy and MD simulation studies reveal a local polar/nonpolar layering structure at the interface of 1-butanol-d<SUB>9</SUB> and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim]PF<SUB>6</SUB>). <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp03307a'> </P>
Flame Spread Mechanism of a Blended Fuel Droplet Array at Supercritical Pressure
Iwahashi, Takeshi,Kobayashi, Hideaki,Niioka, Takashi The Korean Society of Combustion 2002 한국연소학회지 Vol.7 No.1
Flame spread experiments of a fuel droplet array were performed using a microgravity environment. N-decane, 1-octadecene, and the blends (50% : 50% vol.) of these fuels were used and the experiments were conducted at pressures up to 5.0 MPa, which are over the critical pressure of these fuels. Observations of the flame spread phenomenon were conducted for OH radical emission images recorded using a high-speed video camera. The flame spread rates were calculated based on the time history of the spreading forehead of the OH emission images. The flame spread rate of the n-decane droplet-array decreased with pressure and had its minimum at a pressure around half of the critical pressure and then increased again with pressure. It had its maximum at a pressure over the critical pressure and then decreased gradually. The pressure dependence of flame spread rate of 1-octadecene were similar to those of n-decan, but the magnitude of the spread rate was much smaller than that of n-decane. The variation of the flame spread for the blended fuel was similar to that of n-decane in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to near the critical pressure of the blended fuel. When the pressure increased further, it approached to that of 1-octadecene. Numerically estimated gas-liquid equilibrium states proved that almost all the fuel gas which evaporated from the droplet at ordinary pressure consisted of n-decane whereas near and over the critical pressure, the composition of the fuel gas was almost the same as that of the liquid phase, so that the effects of 1-octadecene on the flame spread rate was significant.