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Precise Manipulation of Chromosomes in Vivo Enables Genome-Wide Codon Replacement
Isaacs, Farren J.,Carr, Peter A.,Wang, Harris H.,Lajoie, Marc J.,Sterling, Bram,Kraal, Laurens,Tolonen, Andrew C.,Gianoulis, Tara A.,Goodman, Daniel B.,Reppas, Nikos B.,Emig, Christopher J.,Bang, Duhe American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science Vol.333 No.6040
<P>We present genome engineering technologies that are capable of fundamentally reengineering genomes from the nucleotide to the megabase scale. We used multiplex automated genome engineering (MAGE) to site-specifically replace all 314 TAG stop codons with synonymous TAA codons in parallel across 32 Escherichia coli strains. This approach allowed us to measure individual recombination frequencies, confirm viability for each modification, and identify associated phenotypes. We developed hierarchical conjugative assembly genome engineering (CAGE) to merge these sets of codon modifications into genomes with 80 precise changes, which demonstrate that these synonymous codon substitutions can be combined into higher-order strains without synthetic lethal effects. Our methods treat the chromosome as both an editable and an evolvable template, permitting the exploration of vast genetic landscapes.</P>
Andre, E.,Isaacs, C.,Affolabi, D. IUATLD 2016 The international journal of tuberculosis and lung Vol.20 No.8
<P>In regard to tuberculosis (TB) and other major global epidemics, the use of new diagnostic tests is increasing dramatically, including in resource-limited countries. Although there has never been as much digital information generated, this data source has not been exploited to its full potential. In this opinion paper, we discuss lessons learned from the global scale-up of these laboratory devices and the pathway to tapping the potential of laboratory-generated information in the field of TB by using connectivity. Responding to the demand for connectivity, innovative third-party players have proposed solutions that have been widely adopted by field users of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay. The experience associated with the utilisation of these systems, which facilitate the monitoring of wide laboratory networks, stressed the need for a more global and comprehensive approach to diagnostic connectivity. In addition to SUMMARY facilitating the reporting of test results, the mobility of digital information allows the sharing of information generated in programme settings. When they become easily accessible, these data can be used to improve patient care, disease surveillance and drug discovery. They should therefore be considered as a public health good. We list several examples of concrete initiatives that should allow data sources to be combined to improve the understanding of the epidemic, support the operational response and, finally, accelerate TB elimination. With the many opportunities that the pooling of data associated with the TB epidemic can provide, pooling of this information at an international level has become an absolute priority.</P>
Je-Ho Jang,Reinaldo Isaacs Beron,안혜성,공성호,Hyuk-Joon Lee,Woo-Ho Kim,Kuhn Uk Lee,Han-Kwang Yang 대한위암학회 2010 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.10 No.4
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine proportions of upper third gastric cancer (UTG) among all gastric cancers and analyze clinicopathological features of the disease. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 12,300 patients who underwent gastric surgery between 1986 and 2006 at Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathological features of 1,260 patients with UTG and 9,929 patients with middle or lower third gastric cancer (MLG) were compared, and annual proportions of UTG were evaluated. Results: The proportion of patients with UTG rapidly increased from 2.6% in 1986 to 12.5% in 1992. However, linear regression analysis showed that the rate of increase was reduced (0.21%/year) after 1992 (12.5% to 14.2% from 1992 to 2006). Compared with the MLG group, the UTG group had a lower proportion of (22.3% vs. 39.7%, P<0.001) and a greater proportion of stage III/IV disease (39.4% vs. 31.7%, P<0.001). The UTG group also had larger tumors than the MLG group in stages I/II and III (3.5 cm/5.3 cm/6.5 cm vs. 3.2 cm/5.0 cm/5.8 cm, P=0.020/0.028 /<0.001), a higher proportion of undifferentiated cancer (63.1% vs. 53.7%, P<0.001), and less intestinal Lauren's type (38.8% vs. 47.4%, P<0.001). The 5-year survival rate of the UTG group was significantly lower than that of the MLG group in stages I/II and III (85.6%/63.1%/34.2% vs. 91.6%/ 69.2%/44.7%, P<0.001/0.028/0.006). Conclusions: The proportion of UTGs has increased over the last two decades at SNUH, but the rate of increase has been greatly reduced since 1992. The UTG group showed a poorer prognosis compared with the MLG group in stages I/II and III.
Inhibition Effects of Chromate, Phosphate, Sulfate, and Borate on Chloride Pitting Corrosion of Al
Lee, Ho-Chun,Isaacs, Hugh S. The Korean Electrochemical Society 2008 한국전기화학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Inhibitive effects of chromate, phosphate, sulfate, and borate on chloride pitting corrosion of Al have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry. During the anodic oxide growth, the critical concentration of chloride for pit initiation decreased in the order: chromate > phosphate > sulfate > borate, and the maximum pitting current density increases in the reverse order: chromate < phosphate < sulfate < borate. The decreasing pitting current density was observed in the successive polarization cycles, which was attributed to the aging of Al oxides and field relaxation at oxide/solution interface.
Inhibition effects of chromate, phosphate, sulfate, and borate on chloride pitting corrosion of Al
이호춘,Hugh S. Isaacs 한국전기화학회 2008 한국전기화학회지 Vol.11 No.3
Inhibitive effects of chromate, phosphate, sulfate, and borate on chloride pitting corrosion of Al have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry. During the anodic oxide growth, the critical concentration of chloride for pit initiation decreased in the order: chromate > phosphate > sulfate > borate, and the maximum pitting current density increases in the reverse order: chromate < phosphate < sulfate < borate. The decreasing pitting current density was observed in the successive polarization cycles, which was attributed to the aging of Al oxides and field relaxation at oxide/solution interface
Polyaniline, a Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel : a Mechanistic Study using Video Microimages
Cho, JeongHwan,Huh, JaeHoon,Oh, EungJu,Isaacs, Hugh S. 한국부식방식학회 2002 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.31 No.4
We used a videomicroscopy during conventional electrochemical measurements to ascertain the mechanisms whereby coatings containing polyaniline inhibit the corrosion of steel surfaces. The polyaniline (PANI) coatings were prepared as either a dispersion consisting of PANl and cyclohexanon, or PANI dispersion blended with various ratios of epoxy. We observed that color of the PANl coatings changed during a corrosion test in IN NaCl solution, from the green emeraldine salt at the beginning to blue or pale yellow. The cyclic voltammogram of the dispersion coatings was basically similar to a pure PANI coating. The color change and the variation of open circuit potential (OCP) differed with the types of dispersion systems. The mechanism of inhibition of corrosion by PANl was investigated based on the result of the electrochemical measurements and close examination of the color changes in the video microimages during corrosion.
Jo, Wan-Kuen,Kumar, Santosh,Isaacs, Mark. A.,Lee, Adam F.,Karthikeyan, S. Elsevier BV 2017 Applied Catalysis B Vol.201 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A family of titania derived nanocomposites synthesized via sol-gel and hydrothermal routes exhibit excellent performance for the photocatalytic degradation of two important exemplar water pollutants, oxytetracycline and Congo Red. Low loadings of Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles dispersed over the surfaces of anatase TiO<SUB>2</SUB> confer visible light photoactivity for the aqueous phase decomposition of organics through the resulting heterojunction and reduced band gap. Subsequent modification of these Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> composites by trace amounts of graphene oxide nanosheets in the presence of a diamine linker further promotes both oxytetracycline and Congo Red photodegradation under simulated solar and visible irradiation, through a combination of enhanced photoresponse and consequent radical generation. Radical quenching and fluorescence experiments implicate holes and hydroxyl radicals as the respective primary and secondary active species responsible for oxidative photodegradation of pollutants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cobalt promoted TiO<SUB>2</SUB>/GO photocatalyst was prepared. </LI> <LI> Simulated solar light photocatalyst, removal of oxytetracycline and Congo Red. </LI> <LI> Improved photocatalytic efficiency, transfer of photoinduced electron-hole pairs. </LI> <LI> Photoinduced electrons and holes, confirmed via photocurrent analysis. </LI> <LI> Possible oxidative degradation mechanism proposed via LC–MS/MS. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
NiO/nanoporous carbon heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for aqueous microcystine-LR decomposition
Jo, Wan-Kuen,Karthikeyan, S.,Isaacs, Mark A.,Lee, Adam F.,Wilson, Karen,Shin, Seung-Ho,Lee, Jun-ho,Kim, Mo-Keun,Park, Byung-Sik,Sekaran, G. Elsevier 2017 JOURNAL- TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Vol.74 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The efficacy of NiO nanoparticles dispersed on a nanoporous carbon matrix (NiO/NPC) for microcystine-LR degradation in aqueous media is reported. The NiO/NPC catalyst was characterized by porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and applied to the oxidative degradation of microcystine-LR contaminated water in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as a function of pH under ambient conditions. Optimal MC-LR removal efficiency was 86% at neutral pH catalyzed by this heterogeneous Fenton-like (NiO/NPC with H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>) process, which has the added benefit of avoiding secondary metal pollution during microcystine-LR degradation. NiO/NPC represents an earth abundant catalyst for generating hydroxyl radicals to facilitate environmental depollution of organic pollutants from wastewater.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synthesis, characterization of nickel on nanoporous activated carbon. </LI> <LI> Heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation system for removal of microcystin-LR. </LI> <LI> Hydroxyl radical to destruction of microcystin-LR. </LI> <LI> MC-LR removal at ambient condition, neutral pH. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P> Mechanistic view of mineralization of MC-LR by NiO/NPC.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>