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Propiverine Hydrochloride as a Treatment for Fecal Incontinence
Yasue Irei,Shota Takano,Kazutaka Yamada 대한대장항문학회 2020 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.36 No.2
Purpose: Propiverine hydrochloride (PH) is widely used for the treatment of urinary incontinence (UI) due to bladder overactivity. Moreover, the comorbidity of UI with fecal incontinence (FI) is known to be due to the relationship of both to nervous system disorders and dysfunction or weakening of the pelvic floor muscles. The aim of this single-arm prospective study was to evaluate the therapeutic value of PH for FI. Methods: Patients (n = 24) who were diagnosed as having both FI and UI from April 2015 to November 2016 were included in the study and administered a dosage of 10–20 mg PH every day for 1 month. The primary endpoint was to create a reduction in the frequency of FI per week. An evaluation criterion of ≥50% reduction in frequency was determined as effective. The percentage of the patients who achieved the ≥50% endpoint (responders) was also calculated. Results: The frequency of FI per week was 6.0 ± 8.2 (0.25–30) at baseline and reduced to 1.6 ± 2.1 (0–7) at the posttherapeutic state (P = 0.005). A reduction of ≥50% was seen in 14 of the patients (58.3%). Conclusion: PH reduced the frequency of FI in patients with both FI and UI. This study introduces a possible therapeutic option for the pharmacological treatment of FI.
Numerical Simulation of Extreme Air Pollution by Fine Particulate Matter in China in Winter 2013
Hikari Shimadera,Hiroshi Hayami,Toshimasa Ohara,Yu Morino,Akinori Takami,Satoshi Irei 한국대기환경학회 2014 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.8 No.1
In winter 2013, extreme air pollution by fine particulatematter (PM2.5) in China attracted much publicattention. In order to simulate the PM2.5 pollution,the Community Multiscale Air Quality model drivenby the Weather Research and Forecasting model wasapplied to East Asia in a period from 1 January 2013to 5 February 2013. The model generally reproducedPM2.5 concentration in China with emission data inthe year 2006. Therefore, the extreme PM2.5 pollutionseems to be mainly attributed to meteorological (weakwind and stable) conditions rather than emissionincreases in the past several years. The model wellsimulated temporal and spatial variations in PM2.5concentrations in Japan as well as China, indicatingthat the model well captured characteristics of thePM2.5 pollutions in both areas on the windward andleeward sides in East Asia in the study period. Inaddition, contribution rates of four anthropogenicemission sectors (power generation, industrial, residentialand transportation) in China to PM2.5 concentrationwere estimated by conducting zero-out emissionsensitivity runs. Among the four sectors, the residentialsector had the highest contribution to PM2.5concentration. Therefore, the extreme PM2.5 pollutionmay be also attributed to large emissions from combustionfor heating in cold regions in China.
Chandra, I.,Kim, S.,Seto, T.,Otani, Y.,Takami, A.,Yoshino, A.,Irei, S.,Park, K.,Takamura, T.,Kaneyasu, N.,Hatakeyama, S. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2016 Atmospheric environment Vol.141 No.-
<P>Field observations to investigate the correlation between New Particle Formation (NPF) and the long-range transport of air pollutants in the East Asia region were carried out on a rural Island of Japan in the East-China Sea (Fukue Island, 32.8 degrees N, 128.7 degrees E) over three periods (February 23 to March 7, 2013; November 7 to 20, 2013; and November 2 to 24, 2014). Frequent NPF events were identified (16 events in 50 days), typically in association with sudden increases in particle number concentrations and the successive growth of particles to mobility diameters of several tens of nanometers. The NPF events were classified into two types (A and B) according to the initially detected particle sizes (onset diameters). Type-A consisted of strong NPF events with onset diameters as small as 5 nm. Type-B consisted of NPF events whose onset (<10 nm) was not clearly identifiable. The correlations of SO2 concentrations, solar radiation, PM2.5 concentrations, and chemical composition were analyzed based on the types of NPF events. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>