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Lee, Chul-Soon,Dai, Zhengfei,Kim, Do Hong,Li, Hua-Yao,Jo, Young-Moo,Kim, Bo-Young,Byun, Hyung-Gi,Hwang, Insung,Lee, Jong-Heun Elsevier 2018 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.273 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The lack of gas selectivity in oxide semiconductor chemiresistors has long been an obstacle to realizing discriminative detection of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with different health impacts. A simple and reliable algorithm to discriminate between critically harmful aromatic VOCs (benzene, xylene, and toluene) and less harmful ethanol is suggested by the simple combination of sensor signals from pure In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and Au-loaded In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> 2D inverse opal (IO) thin films prepared by heat-treating the precursor-dipped self-assembled polystyrene templates and Au deposition. The Au-loaded In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> IO sensor showed unprecedentedly high responses to 5 ppm ethanol (resistance ratio = 1640.2) and comparably high responses to 5 ppm benzene, <I>p-</I>xylene, and toluene (resistance ratio range of 674.5–1012.9). Such high gas responses were attributed to the periodically porous and thus highly gas-accessible structures, while the clear discrimination between aromatic VOCs and ethanol was achieved by tuning gas selectivity through systematic control of the size, morphology, and loading concentration of Au nano-catalysts. The results of this study can be used for reliable and precise monitoring of indoor air pollutants.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Discriminative detection of indoor pollutant gases using Au-In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> 2D Inverse Opals. </LI> <LI> Selective and sensitive detection of ethanol using In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> 2D Inverse Opals. </LI> <LI> Ultrahigh response (resistance ratio = ∼1000) of Au-In<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> sensor to 5 ppm <I>p</I>-xylene. </LI> <LI> A simple and reliable algorithm for gas selectivity using two-sensor array. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Christian Sea Symbolism In The Seafarer : "stormas pær stanclifu beotan" "sealtyþa gelac"
Lee, Insung 중세영문학연구회 1995 중세영문학 Vol.3 No.-
Consequently, although The Seafarer has a realistic account of a sea voyage as the poet says in the first line of the poem, the story is not told for itself, but for its Christian didactic message. In this poem the speaker's experience is told for its symbolic value, rather than for itself. A voluntary exile undertaken as a perilous sea journey afflicted by fatal coldness, darkness, extreme hunger, loneliness, barrenness, pointlessness, and solitary nightwatches is a highly symbolic description especially in a Christian context. These elements are figuative constituents of the sea of the world in the Christian sense. The Christian mandate at the poem's end renders a strictly realistic view of the sea and its features meaningless. In the Middle Ages, the Christian symbolism of the sea was known widely enough to function as an implicit and frequently explicit symbol in medieval English literature. Of course, The Seafarer is no exception to this Christian sea symbology: in this poem the evil nature of the sea is pointedly and amply portrayed.
Insung Lee,Dongbok Shin 한국지질과학협의회 2003 Geosciences Journal Vol.7 No.1
CO2-rich fluid inclusions from quartz veins provideinformation about pressure-temperature conditions, as well aseffervescence, in the gold-silver-bearing quartz veins in the PhuocThanh area, Central Vietnam. Homogenization temperatures offluid inclusion are bimodal, and support textural evidence thatmineralization occurred in two stages. 90% of the fluid inclusionsin the quartz are CO2-bearing. The trimodal distribution of CO2mole fraction of the inclusions are common in the area, which indi-cates the CO2 unmixing, resulting the separation of the high (typeIb) and low (type IIa1) XCO2 fluids from the parental fluid (typeIa2) with intermediate XCO2. The precipitation of associated sul-fide and Au-Ag minerals is related to CO2 effervescence with aconcomitant decrease in sulfur activity. The temperature of min-eralization is estimated as the range from 300 to 380oC in stage Iand from 230 to 300oC in stage II. Pressure of ore formationranged from 350 to 500 bars during both stages.
The State-Business Relations in the Era of Globalization : The Case of Russia
Lee, Insung Center for International Studies, Inha University 2003 Pacific Focus Vol.18 No.2
This article examines the potential prospects of change in the state-business relationship in Russia with an emphasis on the effects of globalization. The establishment of an efficient relationship between the state and private business has been one of the key challenges in port-communist era development. Globalization compels the rapid adjustment in state-business relations in new democracies in former communist countries. This paper analyzes the main features of Russia's 'oligarchic capitalism' and plausible sources of change in its state-business relationship. However, it concludes that in view of the current stage of development in both economic globalization and social activism, it will take time to see any profound changes in the state-business relationship in Russia.