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Rizwan, Muhammad,Ali, Shafaqat,Qayyum, Muhammad Farooq,Ok, Yong Sik,Adrees, Muhammad,Ibrahim, Muhammad,Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad,Farid, Mujahid,Abbas, Farhat Elsevier 2017 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.322 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The concentrations of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have increased in the environment due to increasing demand of NPs based products. This is causing a major concern for sustainable agriculture. This review presents the effects of NPs on agricultural crops at biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Numerous studies showed that metal and metal oxide NPs affected the growth, yield and quality of important agricultural crops. The NPs altered mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress and induced genotoxicity in crops. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at low NPs toxicity while decreased at higher NPs toxicity in crops. Due to exposure of crop plants to NPs, the concentration of NPs increased in different plant parts including fruits and grains which could transfer to the food chain and pose a threat to human health. In conclusion, most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. The effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration of NPs exposure along with other factors. Further research orientation is also discussed in this review article.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used worldwide. </LI> <LI> NPs has both positive and negative effects of crop plants. </LI> <LI> NPs toxicity decreased growth, biomass and yield of food crops. </LI> <LI> This review discussed the NPs effects and toxicity mechanisms in food crops. </LI> </UL> </P>
Ibrahim, Muhammad Hamka,Usman, Muhammad Arslan,Soo Young Shin IEEE Canada 2016 Canadian journal of electrical and computer engine Vol.39 No.3
<P>Spectrum sensing is one of the most important parts of the cognitive radio system. In order to detect the primary user signal, the robust sensing method is required. In this paper, we propose a combination of the energy detection method and the autocorrelation-based detection method with a cascaded architecture to improve the probability of detection. Energy detection involves lower complexity and energy consumption, but it is unreliable at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal property is used by an autocorrelation-based detector, which involves more complexity and is more robust at low SNRs. We build the cascaded design of both energy detection and autocorrelation-based detection to take advantage of each technique. The performance of a cascaded detector is then presented. It is shown that the probability of detection of the cascaded design is always better than the probability of detection of a single detector. The design of the cascaded detector has been implemented which does not require additional sensing time. The complexity and utilization of each detector design is then presented to show the efficiency of the proposed design.</P>
Ibrahim, Muhammad,Han, Kyung-Hwa,Lee, Kyung-Do,Youn, Kwan-Hee,Ha, Sang-Keun,Zhang, Yong-Seon,Hur, Seung-Oh,Yoon, Sung-Won,Cho, Hee-Rae Korean Society of Soil Science and Fertilizer 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
This study was performed to produce basic data for silty reclaimed tidal lands and to develop techniques of environmentally-friendly utilization in agricultural system. We chose the two sites in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands, one (Site I) has been treated with cultivating green manure and conducting the desalinization process through submergence since April, 2007 and the other (Site II) has been under natural condition without artificial treatment. In situ and ex situ physic-chemical properties were determined and comparisons were made for soil profiles examined at these two sites in April 2009. Surface soil of Site I had lower EC and higher field saturated hydraulic conductivity than those of Site II, uncultivated land. Especially, exchangeable sodium content was lowest in Site I Ap1 layer than in other layers. This is probably due to flooding desalination and green manure cultivation. Besides, Ap1 and A2 layers of soil profile in Site I showed brighter soil color and more root observation than those of Site II. This is probably due to green manure cultivation. By the large, for high cash upland crops and intensive agricultural use of silty reclaimed tidal land, site-specific soil ripening such as flooding desalination and green manure cultivation could be useful.
Spent caustic treatment using hydrophobic room temperatures ionic liquids
Muhammad Ashraf Sabri,Taleb Hassan Ibrahim,Mustafa Ibrahim Khamis,Paul Nancarrow,Muhammad Faheem Hassan 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.65 No.-
Two hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquid (IL), tetrahexylammonium dihexyl-sulfosuccinate (IL1) and trioctylmethylammonium salicylate (IL2), have been employed for the treatment of spent caustic (SC) wastewater by liquid–liquid extraction at room temperature and pressure. The concentrations of phenols, thiols and benzaldehyde were reduced to below their detection limits and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels were reduced from 64166 ± 3880 mg/l to 63.0 ± 9.0 mg/l. This represents an outstanding reduction in pollutant and COD levels to well below the discharge limits for industrial effluents as set by U.S.A. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, thus eliminating the need for any further treatment before discharge.
Muhammad Ibrahim,Kyung-Hwa Han,Kyung-Do Lee,Kwan-Hee Youn,Sang-Keun Ha,Yong-Seon Zhang,Seung-Oh Hur,Sung-Won Yoon,Hee-Rae Cho 한국토양비료학회 2012 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.45 No.1
This study was performed to produce basic data for silty reclaimed tidal lands and to develop techniques of environmentally-friendly utilization in agricultural system. We chose the two sites in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands, one (Site Ⅰ) has been treated with cultivating green manure and conducting the desalinization process through submergence since April, 2007 and the other (Site Ⅱ) has been under natural condition without artificial treatment. In situ and ex situ physic-chemical properties were determined and comparisons were made for soil profiles examined at these two sites in April 2009. Surface soil of Site Ⅰ had lower EC and higher field saturated hydraulic conductivity than those of Site Ⅱ, uncultivated land. Especially, exchangeable sodium content was lowest in Site Ⅰ Ap1 layer than in other layers. This is probably due to flooding desalination and green manure cultivation. Besides, Ap1 and A2 layers of soil profile in Site Ⅰ showed brighter soil color and more root observation than those of Site Ⅱ. This is probably due to green manure cultivation. By the large, for high cash upland crops and intensive agricultural use of silty reclaimed tidal land, site-specific soil ripening such as flooding desalination and green manure cultivation could be useful.