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Miller, E. K.,Chung, K. Y.,Hutcheson, J. P.,Yates, D. A.,Smith, S. B.,Johnson, B. J. Oxford University Press 2012 Journal of animal science Vol.90 No.4
<P>We predicted that zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH), a β-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, would depress mRNA and protein abundance of β-AR in bovine satellite cells. We also predicted that ZH would decrease total lipid synthesis in bovine adipose tissue. Bovine satellite cells isolated from the semimembranosus muscle were plated on tissue culture plates coated with reduced growth factor matrigel or collagen. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure specific gene expression after 48 h of ZH exposure in proliferating satellite cells and fused myoblasts. There was no effect of ZH dose on [(3)H]thymidine incorporation into DNA in proliferating myoblasts. Zilpaterol hydrochloride at 1 ?M decreased (P < 0.05) β1-AR mRNA, and 0.01 and 1 ?M ZH decreased (P < 0.05) β2-AR and β3-AR mRNA in myoblasts. The expression of IGF-I mRNA tended to increase (P = 0.07) with 1 ?M ZH. There was no effect (P > 0.10) of ZH on the β-AR or IGF-I gene expression in fused myotube cultures at 192 h or on fusion percentage. The β2-AR antagonist ICI-118, 551 at 0.1 ?M attenuated (P < 0.05) the effect of 0.1 ?M ZH to reduce expression of β1- and β2-AR mRNA. The combination of 0.01 ?M ZH and 0.1 ?M ICI-118, 551 caused an increase (P < 0.05) in β1-AR gene expression. There was no effect (P > 0.10) of ICI-118, 551 or ZH on β3-AR or IGF-I. Western blot analysis revealed that the protein content of β2-AR in ZH-treated myotube cultures decreased (P < 0.05) relative to control. Total lipid synthesis from acetate was increased by ZH in bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue explants in the absence of theophylline but was decreased by ZH when theophylline was included in the incubation medium. These data indicate that ZH alters mRNA and protein concentrations of β-AR in satellite cell cultures, which in turn could affect responsiveness of cells to prolonged ZH exposure in vivo. Similar to other β-adrenergic agonists, ZH had only modest effects on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue explants.</P>
Academic culture in Malaysia: sources of satisfaction and frustration
Chang Da Wan,David W. Chapman,Ahmad Nurulazam Md Zain,Sigrid Hutcheson,Molly Lee,Ann E. Austin 서울대학교 교육연구소 2015 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.16 No.4
This paper examines the sources of satisfaction and frustration among Malaysian academics across three types of higher education institutions (HEIs)—public research university, public comprehensive university and private non-profit university. Based on interview with 67 academics across six HEIs, there is a clear pattern and relationship between the sources of satisfaction and frustration and the types of institutions these academics were affiliated. The major sources of satisfaction are related to the nature of academic work, which includes supervising, mentoring, teaching and interacting with students, as well as conducting research and disseminating knowledge through publication. However, the major sources of frustration are predominantly related to the governance of higher education, resulting from unrealistic expectations, lack of transparency of the promotion and reward system, and a strong bureaucratic culture. The understanding of satisfaction and frustration has helped us to understand issues of morale, retention and, possibly, productivity of academics across these HEIs, and in turn, the understanding of these issues about academics has implications in understanding the governing structure of HEIs. Although this study is limited only to HEIs in Malaysia, the findings have wider implications in contributing to the understanding of governance and academic culture in the broader context of higher education.
Zhang, Haitao,Moon, Young Hwan,Watson, Brian J,Suvorov, Maxim,Santos, Elizabeth,Sinnott, Corinn A,Hutcheson, Steven W Published by Stockton Press on behalf of the Socie 2011 Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology Vol.38 No.8
<P>Saccharophagus degradans 2-40 is a marine gamma proteobacterium that can produce polyhydroxyalkanoates from lignocellulosic biomass using a complex cellulolytic system. This bacterium has been annotated to express three surface-associated 관-glucosidases (Bgl3C, Ced3A, and Ced3B), two cytoplasmic 관-glucosidases (Bgl1A and Bgl1B), and unusual for an aerobic bacterium, two cytoplasmic cellobiose/cellodextrin phosphorylases (Cep94A and Cep94B). Expression of the genes for each of the above enzymes was induced when cells were transferred into a medium containing Avicel as the major carbon source except for Bgl1B. Both hydrolytic and phosphorolytic degradation of cellobiose by crude cell lysates obtained from cellulose-grown cells were demonstrated and all of these activities were cell-associated. With the exception of Cep94B, each purified enzyme exhibited their annotated activity upon cloning and expression in E. coli. The five 관-glucosidases hydrolyzed a variety of glucose derivatives containing 관-1, (2, 4, or 6) linkages but did not act on any 관-linked glucose derivatives. All but one 관-glucosidases exhibited transglycosylation activity consistent with the formation of an enzyme-substrate intermediate. The biochemistry and expression of these cellobiases indicate that external hydrolysis by surface-associated 관-glucosidases coupled with internal hydrolysis and phosphorolysis are all involved in the metabolism of cellobiose by this bacterium.</P>