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Patrik Hummel,Abha Saxena,Corinna Klingler 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-
This article describes, categorizes, and discusses the results of a rapid literature review aiming to provide an overview of the ethical issues and corresponding solutions surrounding pregnancies in epidemic outbreaks. The review was commissioned by the World Health Organization to inform responses to the Zika outbreak that began in 2015. Due to the urgency of the response efforts that needed to be informed by the literature search, a rapid qualitative review of the literature published in PubMed was conducted. The search and analysis were based on the operationalization of 3 key concepts: ethics, pregnancy, and epidemic outbreak. Ethical issues and solutions were interpreted within a principlist framework. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The search identified 259 publications, of which the full text of 23 papers was read. Of those, 20 papers contained a substantive part devoted to the topic of interest and were therefore analyzed further. We clustered the ethical issues and solutions around 4 themes: uncertainty, harms, autonomy/liberty, and effectiveness. Recognition of the identified ethical issues and corresponding solutions can inform and improve response efforts, public health planning, policies, and decision-making, as well as the activities of medical staff and counselors who practice before, during, or after an epidemic outbreak that affects pregnant women or those of reproductive age. The rapid review format proved to be useful despite its limited data basis and expedited review process.
( Reza Moltaji ),( Thomas Hummel ),( Han-seok Seo ) 한국감성과학회 2019 한국감성과학회 국제학술대회(ICES) Vol.2019 No.-
Although people consume foods and beverages with a variety of background sounds in everyday life, little attention has been paid to influences of background sound cues on perception and acceptability of odors. This study aimed to determine whether background sound cues (carbonation sound and white noise) affect individuals’ performance in the odor discrimination task. Sixty participants were asked to conduct the odor discrimination task using the “Sniffin’ Sticks” battery twice on different days: 1) in silence and 2) in the presence of carbonation sound or white noise. Participants showed significantly worse performance in the odor discrimination task in the presence of either background sound than in the silent condition. Although the background soundinduced decrease in the odor discrimination performance was likely to be greater in the white noise condition than in the carbonation one, there was no statistical difference between the two conditions. Interestingly, participants who were more likely to be extroverts showed better performance in the odor discrimination task while listening to background sounds. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence that background sound cues can impair olfactory performance in the odor discrimination task, and that extraversion/ introversion traits play a role in modulating the background sound-induced olfactory discrimination performance.
Sensing Nitrate and Potassium Ions in Soil Extracts Using Ion-Selective Electrodes
Kim, H.J.,Sudduth Kenneth A.,Hummel John W. Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2006 바이오시스템공학 Vol.31 No.6
Automated sensing of soil macronutrients would allow more efficient mapping of soil nutrient spatial variability for variable-rate nutrient management. The capabilities of ion-selective electrodes for sensing macronutrients in soil extracts can be affected by the presence of other ions in the soil itself as well as by high concentrations of ions in soil extractants. Adoption of automated, on-the-go sensing of soil nutrients would be enhanced if a single extracting solution could be used for the concurrent extraction of multiple soil macronutrients. This paper reports on the ability of the Kelowna extractant to extract macronutrients (N, P, and K) from US Corn Belt soils and whether previously developed PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes could determine the nitrate and potassium concentrations in soil extracts obtained using the Kelowna extractant. The extraction efficiencies of nitrate-N and phosphorus obtained with the Kelowna solution for seven US Corn Belt soils were comparable to those obtained with IM KCI and Mehlich III solutions when measured with automated ion and ICP analyzers, respectively. However, the potassium levels extracted with the Kelowna extractant were, on average, 42% less than those obtained with the Mehlich III solution. Nevertheless, it was expected that Kelowna could extract proportional amounts of potassium ion due to a strong linear relationship ($r^2$ = 0.96). Use of the PVC-based nitrate and potassium ion-selective electrodes proved to be feasible in measuring nitrate-N and potassium ions in Kelowna - soil extracts with almost 1 : 1 relationships and high coefficients of determination ($r^2$ > 0.9) between the levels of nitrate-N and potassium obtained with the ion-selective electrodes and standard analytical instruments.
Isaac Y. Miranda‑Valdez,Chamseddine Guizani,Nathalie Abbrederis,Mikaela Trogen,Michael Hummel 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.7
Cellulose has experienced a renaissance as a precursor for carbon fibers (CFs). However, cellulose possesses intrinsic challenges as precursor substrate such as typically low carbon yield. This study examines the interplay of strategies to increase the carbonization yield of (ligno-) cellulosic fibers manufactured via a coagulation process. Using Design of Experiments, this article assesses the individual and combined effects of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), lignin, and CO2 activation on the carbonization yield and properties of cellulose-based carbon fibers. Synergistic effects are identified using the response surface methodology. This paper evidences that DAP and lignin could affect cellulose pyrolysis positively in terms of carbonization yield. Nevertheless, DAP and lignin do not have an additive effect on increasing the yield. In fact, combined DAP and lignin can affect negatively the carbonization yield within a certain composition range. Further, the thermogravimetric CO2 adsorption of the respective CFs was measured, showing relatively high values (ca. 2 mmol/g) at unsaturated pressure conditions. The CFs were microporous materials with potential applications in gas separation membranes and CO2 storage systems.
Schulz, Robert,Park, Eunhee,Lee, Jungsoo,Chang, Won Hyuk,Lee, Ahee,Kim, Yun-Hee,Hummel, Friedhelm C. American Heart Association 2017 Stroke Vol. No.
<P>Conclusions-The present data show that patients with stroke with different degree of CST disruption differ in their dependency on structural premotor-motor connections for residual motor output. This finding might have important implications for future research on recovery prediction models and on responses to treatment strategies.</P>